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Lee J, Lee D, Suh GH, Choi J. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for evaluation of the blood perfusion of sciatic nerves in healthy dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023; 64:322-329. [PMID: 36264587 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood supply to the peripheral nerves is essential for fulfilling their structural and functional requirements. This prospective, experimental, exploratory study aimed to assess the feasibility of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for evaluating blood perfusion of the sciatic nerve in normal dogs. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography examinations were performed on the bilateral sciatic nerves after bolus injection of Sonazoid™ (0.015 mL/kg) in 12 healthy Beagles for 150 s. Then, qualitative assessment of the wash-in timing, degree and enhancement patterns, and quantitative measurement of the peak intensity and time to peak intensity were performed from the sciatic nerve. The results were compared to those obtained from the adductor muscle around the nerve and caudal gluteal artery. After contrast agent injection, the sciatic nerve was enhanced at approximately 13-14 s, immediately after wash-in of the caudal gluteal artery. The peak intensity of the sciatic nerve was significantly lower than that of the caudal gluteal artery and higher than that of the adductor muscle. The time to peak intensity was significantly slower than that of the caudal gluteal artery; but was not significantly different from that of the adductor muscle. There were no significant differences in the peak intensity and time to peak intensity between the left and right sciatic nerves. These results demonstrate the feasibility of CEUS to assess blood perfusion of the sciatic nerve in healthy dogs qualitatively and quantitatively. This result from healthy dogs could serve as a reference for further studies that evaluate the sciatic nerve under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juryeong Lee
- Department of veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dongjae Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Guk-Hyun Suh
- Department of veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jihye Choi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Update on the anatomy of the brachial plexus in dogs: Body weight correlation and contralateral comparison in a cadaveric study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282179. [PMID: 36821631 PMCID: PMC9949655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the brachial plexus is pivotal for diagnostic, therapeutic and anaesthetic purposes in order to correctly locate the nerve and reduce the incidence of complications when performing surgery or a local anaesthetic block of the brachial plexus. In this study, the anatomy of the brachial plexus in dogs was reviewed; the depth and diameter of each nerve were evaluated, and the contralateral limbs were compared. Eighteen canine cadavers were included and were divided into: small (SB); medium (MB) and large (LB) breed dogs. After dissection, the spinal roots and the suprascapular, subscapular, axillary, radial, ulnar, median, and musculocutaneous nerves were identified. The following evaluations were recorded: the origin of the nerves from the spinal roots, the roots and the nerve diameters, and the distance of the nerves root from the skin at the level of the scapula-humeral joint and from the interscapular region. A total of thirty-six brachial plexuses were evaluated; all originated from the ventral rami of the C6 to T1 spinal nerves. In the LB dogs, the root and the nerve diameters were larger as compared with the other two groups. In this group, also the mean distance of T1 from the skin at the level of the scapula-humeral joint and the average distance of the nerve roots from the skin of the interscapular region were also greater as compared with the other groups. No significant differences were recorded between the contralateral limbs. In the dogs in the present study, the origin of the nerves of the brachial plexus were similar to those previously reported; however, the presence of minor individual variations was confirmed between the right and the left limbs within the same dog between the right and the left limb. This is the first time that the diameters and the depth of the nerves have been described and positively correlated with body weight.
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3
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Siepmann E, Alves D, Nishimura H, Malta S, Lunedo J, Tanabe L, Debiage R, Fukushima F. Lumbar paravertebral block in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) submitted to pelvic limb amputation - case report. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The concern about pain management in exotic mammals is increasing. However, only a few studies describe locoregional anesthesia techniques in rabbits. Thus, this report aims to describe the lumbar paravertebral block, guided by peripheral nerve stimulation, in a rabbit undergoing mid-femoral amputation. We received a one-year-old rabbit weighing 1.27kg with a history of non-union of the right femur and osteomyelitis. The animal came to us for high pelvic limb amputation. After premedication with ketamine, midazolam, and morphine, the patient was maintained under general anesthesia in a non-rebreathing circuit under spontaneous ventilation with isoflurane vaporized in 0.6 oxygen. Using a peripheral nerve stimulator, we performed the lumbar paravertebral block, positioning the needle between the L5 and L6 vertebrae and injecting 0.2mL/kg bupivacaine. The patient remained stable throughout the procedure, without the need for analgesic rescue with opioids during surgery and postoperatively. The discharge occurred after 24 hours. The lumbar paravertebral block proved efficient for trans and postoperative analgesia for high pelvic limbic amputation in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - J. Lunedo
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil
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Chiba E, Hamamoto K, Kanai E, Oyama-Manabe N, Omoto K. A preliminary animal study on the prediction of nerve block success using ultrasonographic parameters. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3119. [PMID: 35210487 PMCID: PMC8873395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasonographic parameters as an indicator for predicting regional nerve block success. Ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block was performed in seven dogs using either 2% mepivacaine (nerve-block group) or saline (sham-block group). The cross-sectional area (CSA), nerve blood flow (NBF), and shear wave velocity (SWV) of the sciatic nerve (SWVN), SWV of the biceps femoris muscle (SWVM), and their ratio (SWVNMR) were measured at 0, 30, 60, and 90 min after the nerve block as well as the change rate of each parameter from the baseline. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic value of each parameter in the prediction of nerve block success. No significant changes were observed in the CSA or NBF in association with the nerve block. The SWVN and SWVNMR in the nerve-block group were significantly higher than those in the sham-block group at 90 min and at 30, 60, and 90 min, respectively (p < 0.05). The change rates of SWVN and SWVNMR in the nerve-block group were significantly higher than those in the sham-block group at all time points (p < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that SWVN had a moderate diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve [AUC], 0.779), whereas SWVNMR and change rates of SWVN and SWVNMR had a high diagnostic accuracy (AUC, 0.947, 0.998, and 1.000, respectively). Ultrasonographic evaluation of the SWVN and SWVNMR could be used as indicators for predicting nerve block success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Chiba
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Kohei Hamamoto
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan.
| | - Eiichi Kanai
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Noriko Oyama-Manabe
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Kiyoka Omoto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
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Grzeczka A, Zdun M. The Structure of the Brachial Plexus in Selected Representatives of the Caniformia Suborder. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050566. [PMID: 35268135 PMCID: PMC8908818 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The brachial plexus of animals is an ongoing topic of research interest among the scientific community. Research in this area allows scientists to select model animals for laboratory studies. In this way, the research contributes to the improvement of techniques for performing various procedures, not only on animals but also on humans. The most important information about the brachial plexus is the number of roots that form the plexus, from which roots the individual nerves arise, their course, and the extent of innervation of the individual nerves. In this paper, we have analysed the brachial plexus of five species of animals that commonly live in forests. In the study, we show similarities to the domestic dog but also present the individual anatomical features of the brachial plexus. Our results increase knowledge of the nervous system anatomy of wild animals and provide important information for veterinarians dealing with wild and exotic animal species. Abstract Like most structures, the brachial plexus is subject to species variation. Analysing this structure over a wide spectrum of species, we can obtain a complex view of the changes–in a given group of animals. The aim of this study was to describe the brachial plexus anatomy of species from two families of Caniformia. We analysed the brachial plexus structure of five species from two families of Caniformia: Canidae and Mustelidae. The cadavers were obtained from breeders and hunters. All were fixed by being kept in a 10% formaldehyde solution for two weeks. This study allows us to present the similarities as well as the differences between species and families. Our study reveals different trends in the course of the individual nerves and innervations of the thoracic limb. A species-specific feature is the extent of the brachial plexus, as each species has a specific number of ventral branches of the spinal nerves in the brachial plexus. However, a characteristic of the family Mustelidae is the course of the median nerve through the epicondylar foramen. Within the Canidae, two species are characterised by a very long branch for the coracobrachialis muscle. The general conclusion is that the brachial plexus of species belonging to the Caniformia is subject to variation within families and species, as well as individual variation while maintaining a general schematic for the group.
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Acquafredda C, Stabile M, Lacitignola L, Centonze P, Di Bella C, Crovace A, Fiorentino M, Staffieri F. Clinical efficacy of dexmedetomidine combined with lidocaine for femoral and sciatic nerve blocks in dogs undergoing stifle surgery. Vet Anaesth Analg 2021; 48:962-971. [PMID: 34607765 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine administered perineurally or intramuscularly (IM) on sensory, motor function and postoperative analgesia produced by lidocaine for sciatic and femoral nerve blocks in dogs undergoing unilateral tibial tuberosity advancement surgery. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, blinded, clinical study. ANIMALS A group of 30 dogs. METHODS Dogs were anaesthetized with acepromazine, propofol and isoflurane in oxygen/air. Electrolocation-guided femoral and sciatic nerve blocks were performed: group L, 0.15 mL kg-1 2% lidocaine (n = 10); group LDloc, lidocaine and 0.15 μg kg-1 dexmedetomidine perineurally (n = 10); group LDsys, lidocaine and 0.3 μg kg-1 dexmedetomidine IM (n = 10). After anaesthesia, sensory blockade was evaluated by response to forceps pinch on skin innervated by the saphenous/femoral, common fibular and tibial nerves. Motor blockade was evaluated by observing the ability to walk and proprioception. Analgesia was monitored with Short Form of Glasgow Composite Pain Scale for up to 4 hours after extubation. Methadone IM was administered as rescue analgesia. Data were analysed by linear mixed effect models and Kaplan-Meier test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Median duration of the sensory blockade for all nerves was longer (p < 0.001) for group LDloc than for groups L and LDsys and was longer (p = 0.0011) for group LDsys than for group L. Proprioception returned later (p < 0.001) for group LDloc [285 (221-328) minutes] compared with group L [160 (134-179) minutes] or LDsys [195 (162-257) minutes]. Return of the ability to walk was similar among all groups. Dogs in group LDloc required postoperative rescue analgesia later (p = 0.001) than dogs in groups LDsys and L. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dexmedetomidine administered perineurally with lidocaine prolonged sensory blockade and analgesia during the immediate postoperative period. Systemic dexmedetomidine also prolonged the sensory blockade of perineural lidocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Acquafredda
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy; PhD Course in Organs and Tissues Transplantation and Celluar Therapies, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Marzia Stabile
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy; PhD Course in Organs and Tissues Transplantation and Celluar Therapies, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Lacitignola
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Centonze
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Bella
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy; PhD Course in Organs and Tissues Transplantation and Celluar Therapies, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Crovace
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorentino
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Staffieri
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy.
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Toijala TM, Canapp DA, Canapp SO. Ultrasonography Findings in the Proximal Sciatic Nerve and Deep Gluteal Muscles in 29 Dogs With Suspected Sciatic Neuritis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:704904. [PMID: 34513972 PMCID: PMC8429782 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.704904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to describe the ultrasonography technique and analyze the ultrasonographic findings of the proximal sciatic nerve and deep gluteal muscles in dogs with suspected sciatic neuritis. The records of 29 dogs that underwent musculoskeletal ultrasound of the sciatic nerve and deep gluteal muscles were retrospectively evaluated. Both right and left sides were evaluated. Abnormal findings were unilateral in 28/29 (97%) of the dogs. The muscles examined included the piriformis muscle, gemelli muscles, internal obturator muscle, and medial gluteal muscle. Data included signalment, purpose of the dog, orthopedic examination findings, lameness examination findings, other diagnostic imaging findings, and ultrasonography findings. Irregular margins of the sciatic nerve were recorded in 76% of the dogs. The diameter of the sciatic nerve on the affected limb was significantly larger than the nerve on the contralateral, unaffected side (p < 0.00001). The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the sciatic nerve inner diameter between the unaffected and affected limbs was 15 ± 14.66%. The mean ± SD in sciatic nerve outer diameter was 12 ± 7.71%. Abnormal ultrasonographic findings in at least one of the examined muscles were found in 28/29 (97%) of the dogs and included changes in echogenicity in 28/29 (97%) of the dogs, loss of detail in muscle fiber pattern in 5/29 (17%) of the dogs, and impingement between the sciatic nerve and piriformis muscle in 6/29 (21%) of the dogs. The most common underlying diagnosis was lumbosacral stenosis in 9/29 (31%) of the dogs. The most common sport was agility for 21/29 (71%) of the dogs. Repetitive jumping may predispose to both lumbosacral disease, through dynamic compression, and changes within the piriformis muscle, due to overuse of the muscle leading to irritation to sciatic nerve. Ultrasonography is considered a safe and non-invasive diagnostic method to evaluate the sciatic nerve and deep gluteal muscles of dogs, and provides additional guidance for diagnostics and rehabilitation planning. This is the first study documenting ultrasonography findings in a case series of the sciatic nerve and deep gluteal muscles and their pathology in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debra A Canapp
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Group, Annapolis Junction, MD, United States
| | - Sherman O Canapp
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Group, Annapolis Junction, MD, United States
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Dmitrović P, Dupont J, Marlier D, Monchaux M, Sandersen C. Nerve stimulator‐guided sciatic nerve block in a cockerel (
Gallus gallus domesticus
) for a bone marrow biopsy. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Dmitrović
- Hospital for Companion Animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege Liège Belgium
| | - Julien Dupont
- Hospital for Companion Animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege Liège Belgium
| | - Didier Marlier
- Hospital for Companion Animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege Liège Belgium
| | - Marie Monchaux
- Hospital for Companion Animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege Liège Belgium
| | - Charlotte Sandersen
- Hospital for Companion Animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege Liège Belgium
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Otero PE, Guerrero JA, Verdier N, Portela DA. Use of a lateral ultrasound-guided approach for the proximal radial, ulnar, median and musculocutaneous (RUMM) nerve block in a small dog undergoing distal humerus fracture repair. Vet Anaesth Analg 2021; 48:815-817. [PMID: 34312080 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo E Otero
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Jorge A Guerrero
- Department of Surgery, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natali Verdier
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Care, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diego A Portela
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Ferrero C, Borland K, Rioja E. Retrospective comparison of three locoregional techniques for pelvic limb surgery in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2021; 48:554-562. [PMID: 34083139 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To retrospectively compare the efficacy and duration of effect of three commonly used locoregional blocks in dogs undergoing pelvic limb orthopaedic surgery. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective clinical study. ANIMALS A total of 236 dogs that underwent pelvic limb surgery and were administered a locoregional technique. METHODS A total of 236 hospital records were reviewed and 230 included in statistical analysis. Dogs were grouped as following: electrostimulation-guided pre-iliac femoral and sciatic nerve block (group PFS, n = 70); ultrasound-guided saphenous and sciatic nerve block (group SS, n = 76); or lumbosacral epidural (group EPI, n = 84). In group EPI, bupivacaine 0.5% or ropivacaine 0.75% was used with morphine. Dogs were pain scored (short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale) hourly following recovery from anaesthesia. Analysed data included: time to first postoperative dose of methadone, pain score at that time, intraoperative rescue analgesia, intraoperative hypotension and ability to walk and urinate overnight. Separate analyses were performed including all pelvic limb surgeries and including only elective stifle surgeries. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were performed. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. The median (range) is reported. RESULTS For all pelvic limb surgeries, the time to first postoperative methadone was 530 (110-1337), 440 (140-1030) and 466 (135-1094) minutes in groups EPI, PFS and SS, respectively, and was not significantly different. Postoperatively, 10/84, 15/70 and 12/76 dogs in groups EPI, PFS and SS, respectively, did not require methadone (nonsignificant). Significantly fewer dogs in group EPI (18%) required intraoperative rescue analgesia compared with group SS (38%), but not compared with PFS (30%). Significantly more dogs in group EPI had hypotension intraoperatively (30%) and urinary retention postoperatively (62%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Intraoperative analgesia may be superior with EPI than SS for some surgeries of the pelvic limb, but not for stifle surgeries. All three techniques provided similar requirement for postoperative analgesia, but EPI caused higher incidence of intraoperative hypotension and postopertive urinary retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Ferrero
- Anaesthesia Department, Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Winchester, Hampshire, UK.
| | - Karla Borland
- Anaesthesia Department, Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Winchester, Hampshire, UK
| | - Eva Rioja
- Anaesthesia Department, Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Winchester, Hampshire, UK
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11
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Ravasio G, Brioschi FA, Rabbogliatti V, Gioeni D, Di Cesare F, Corletto F, Oltolina M, Carnevale L. Case Report: Ultrasound Sciatic and Saphenous Nerve Blocks for Tibial Malunion Surgical Correction in a Pediatric African Leopard ( Panthera pardus). Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:538883. [PMID: 33330680 PMCID: PMC7728615 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.538883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Little information is available regarding ultrasound-guided locoregional anesthesia in non-domestic species. Locoregional techniques have been shown to reduce intraoperative anesthetic requirements and provide postoperative pain relief. Decreasing dosage of general anesthetics allows more stable cardiopulmonary function during anesthesia and reduces the probability of side effects. An 11-week-old African leopard (Panthera pardus) was referred for treatment of a malunion angular limb deformity secondary to a tibial and fibular fracture. The animal was scheduled to undergo angular correction of the tibia via closing wedge osteotomy and fixation with a locking plate system. Following preanesthetic medication and induction of general anesthesia, a saphenous nerve block (ropivacaine 0.5%; 0.15 ml/kg) was performed under ultrasound guidance and a sciatic nerve block (ropivacaine 0.5%; 0.15 ml/kg) was performed using ultrasound and a peripheral nerve stimulator. Intraoperative anesthetic plane was considered light, yet no abrupt cardiocirculatory changes were seen, nor was rescue analgesia required. This case report suggests that sciatic and saphenous blockade could therefore be recommended as part of a multimodal plan of analgesia for orthopedic surgeries in pediatric exotic felids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Ravasio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Vanessa Rabbogliatti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Gioeni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Di Cesare
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Oltolina
- Head of Veterinary Service, Zoological Park "Le Cornelle", Valbrembo, Italy
| | - Liliana Carnevale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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12
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Thomson R, Trimble T, Pawson P, Bell AM. A Survey-Based Study Into the Use of Peripheral Nerve Blocks for Pelvic Limb Surgery Among Veterinary Professionals With an Interest in Anesthesia. Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 42:100507. [PMID: 33346162 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve blocks are commonly recommended as perioperative analgesia for orthopedic procedures. We aimed to determine the prevalence of use of techniques and drugs among veterinary professionals with an interest in anesthesia. Veterinary professionals were contacted via an email (ACVA-list) and newsletter (Association of Veterinary Anesthetists) containing a link to an online survey. Surveys completed in full were used for analysis. Analysis found that peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) and epidural analgesia techniques were the preferred techniques of 46% and 38% of individuals, respectively. Of those using PNBs, nerve stimulator techniques were most common, used by 72% of individuals. Bupivacaine was used by 71% of individuals. Adjuvants were used by 37% of respondents; most commonly an alpha-2 agonist. Severe adverse effects were reported by 11 respondents, while 49% of individuals had not witnessed any adverse effects. More experienced veterinary anesthetists (>100 blocks performed) were more likely to have seen adverse effects. In conclusion, PNBs are utilized by anesthetists for pelvic limb orthopedic surgery, with nerve stimulation being the most commonly used PNB technique. Bupivacaine was the most commonly used local anesthetic however, diversity in both the techniques and drugs used was evident among respondents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricia Pawson
- University of Glasgow School of Veterinary Medicine, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew M Bell
- University of Glasgow School of Veterinary Medicine, Glasgow, UK
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13
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Chohan AS. Anesthesia Case of the Month. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 255:1016-1018. [PMID: 31617808 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.9.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Portela DA, Romano M, Otero PE. Locoregional Anesthesia of the Thoracic Limbs and Thorax in Small Animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2019; 49:1063-1083. [PMID: 31492541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of nerve stimulation and ultrasound guidance to veterinary regional anesthesia allows accurate performance of techniques to block the thoracic limb and the thorax. When performed correctly, regional anesthesia can either constitute an alternative to the use of opioids and other systemic analgesics, or have a significant opioid-sparing effect. This article provides an overview of some techniques described using objective methods of nerve location, which can be used to provide perioperative locoregional anesthesia and analgesia to the thoracic limb and thorax. The approaches described may be used to decrease the perioperative use of opioids in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Portela
- Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, PO Box 100123, Gainesville, FL 32610-0136, USA.
| | - Marta Romano
- Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, PO Box 100123, Gainesville, FL 32610-0136, USA
| | - Pablo E Otero
- Anesthesiology and Pain Management Department, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida Chorroarín 280 (C1427CWO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Michielsen AJ, Schauvliege S. Plexus brachialis block as part of balanced analgesia in a sheep undergoing arthrodesis of the carpus. Vet Anaesth Analg 2019; 46:710-711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Locoregional techniques are used in exotic pets to improve perioperative analgesia as well as decrease the requirement of systemic analgesics during and after invasive surgeries. This article focuses on the techniques that have been described for exotic mammals, birds, and reptiles, focusing on those that rely on ultrasonographic or nerve stimulator guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario d'Ovidio
- Private Practitioner, Via Cristoforo Colombo 118, Arzano, NA 80022, Italy.
| | - Chiara Adami
- Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Campus, Hatfield AL97TA, United Kingdom
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Benigni L, Lafuente P, Viscasillas J. Clinical comparison of two techniques of brachial plexus block for forelimb surgery in dogs. Vet J 2019; 244:23-27. [PMID: 30825890 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare two different local anaesthesia techniques for intraoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing surgical procedures distal to the mid humeral diaphysis. Thirty-two dogs were divided into two groups: the US group received an ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block at the level of the first rib and the N group received a neurostimulation-guided paravertebral brachial plexus block. Ropivacaine 0.75% at 1.5mg/kg was injected in each case. Dogs were monitored during the surgical procedure, and rescue analgesia was administered whenever the heart rate, respiratory rate or blood pressure increased more than 20% from the basal values. Success rate was defined as no need for rescue analgesia during surgery and complete blockade of the operated leg evaluated just after anaesthesia recovery. Complications were also recorded. Data was analysed using Fisher exact and Mann/Whitney tests. Success rate was observed in 14/16 (87%) dogs and in 12/16 (75%) dogs in the US and N groups, respectively (P=0.65). Complications recorded were hypotension in three cases (US group, n=1; N group, n=2) and Horner's syndrome in three cases (US group, n=1; N group, n=2; P=0.65). Both techniques were found to provide good level of analgesia that allowed performing the orthopaedic procedures from the mid humeral diaphysis and distal in the limb, without the need for further analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Benigni
- The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hartfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - P Lafuente
- The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hartfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - J Viscasillas
- The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hartfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom.
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Regional anesthetic techniques for the thoracic limb and thorax in small animals: A review of the literature and technique description. Vet J 2018; 241:8-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Portela DA, Verdier N, Otero PE. Regional anesthetic techniques for the pelvic limb and abdominal wall in small animals: A review of the literature and technique description. Vet J 2018; 238:27-40. [PMID: 30103913 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing interest in using peripheral nerve blocks in small animals is evident, given the numerous studies published recently on this topic in important veterinary journals. Initially, research was focused on intraoperative analgesia to the pelvic limb, and several descriptions of lumbosacral plexus, femoral and sciatic nerve blocks have been described in studies. There is recent interest in developing techniques for somatosensory blockade of the abdominal wall. This article is the second part of a two-part review of regional anesthesia (RA) in small animals, and its aim is to discuss the most relevant studies in the veterinary literature, where objective methods of nerve location have been used, and to illustrate in pictures the currently used techniques for providing RA to the abdominal wall and the pelvic limb in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Portela
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - N Verdier
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Anestesiología y Algiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P E Otero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Anestesiología y Algiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cabala R, Pedroza H, Rocha Junior S, Castro A, Beier S, Gheller V. Mapeamento comparativo de nervos periféricos em caninos e bovinos. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O estudo dos dados anatômicos é fundamental para possibilitar ao médico veterinário o reconhecimento de pequenas estruturas, como os nervos nos animais, oferecendo subsídio para construção do conhecimento do profissional principalmente em técnicas anestésicas e cirúrgicas. Para investigar e mapear os nervos do plexo braquial (nervo radial, nervo musculocutâneo, nervo ulnar, nervo mediano), nervo isquiático, nervo tibial, nervo femoral e os nervos para bloqueio paravertebral, foram utilizados um cadáver canino adulto, de peso aproximado de 8kg, e um cadáver de bezerro Holandês, de peso aproximado de 40kg. O mapeamento dos nervos é de grande importância, já que conhecer bem essas estruturas permite ao veterinário um bom desenvolvimento de suas atividades profissionais a fim de exercer funções mais complexas durante a anestesia e cirurgia veterinária, uma vez que, identificados os pontos de referência anatômicos, é possível trabalhar com mais clareza nas técnicas de bloqueios dos nervos periféricos.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.W. Cabala
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - S.L. Beier
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Skelding A, Valverde A, Sinclair M, Thomason J, Moens N. Anatomical characterization of the brachial plexus in dog cadavers and comparison of three blind techniques for blockade. Vet Anaesth Analg 2018; 45:203-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Silva A, Silva K, Santos L, Azuaga L, Jardim P, Albuquerque VB, Frazílio F. Bloqueio do plexo braquial em um tamanduá-mirim (Tamandua tetradactyla) utilizando estimulador de nervos periféricos: relato de caso. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivou-se relatar a utilização do neurolocalizador para bloqueio do plexo braquial bilateral em tamanduá-mirim (Tamandua tetradactyla). O animal, pesando 5kg, atendido pelo Centro de Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres, foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul para realização de exames complementares, sendo, posteriormente, encaminhado para cirurgia de osteossíntese de úmero e rádio/ulna esquerdo e colocação de fio de cerclagem em olécrano direito. O paciente foi pré-medicado com cetamina S (5mg/kg) + midazolam (0,15mg/kg), indução anestésica com propofol (5mg/kg) e manutenção anestésica com isoflurano, com o auxílio de máscara. Os parâmetros cardiovasculares e respiratórios foram monitorados durante todo o procedimento. Realizou-se o bloqueio do plexo braquial em ambos os membros utilizando-se estimulador de nervos periféricos. Os anestésicos locais empregados foram lidocaína 2% sem vasoconstritor (3mg/kg) + ropivacaína 0,75% sem vasoconstritor (1mg/kg). O bloqueio foi realizado primeiramente no membro torácico direito, e, após realização do procedimento cirúrgico, o mesmo bloqueio foi realizado no membro contralateral. O paciente teve recuperação tranquila ausente de vocalização e expressão álgica, e a soltura ocorreu após 120 dias.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Silva
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - K.F. Silva
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - L.B.S. Azuaga
- Centro de Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres, Brazil
| | | | - V. B. Albuquerque
- Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Evangelista MC, de Lassalle J, Chevrier C, Carmel EN, Fantoni DT, Steagall PVM. Distribution of bupivacaine hydrochloride after sciatic and femoral nerve blocks in cats: A magnetic resonance imaging study. Res Vet Sci 2017; 115:61-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block using a ventral suprainguinal approach in healthy dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2017; 44:1208-1215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Evangelista MC, Monteiro BP, Doodnaught GM, Benoist P, Steagall PV. Paravertebral brachial plexus blockade in cats: a cadaver study. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 20:591-595. [PMID: 28696151 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x17718437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aims of this study were to describe the paravertebral brachial plexus (PBP) blockade in cats, and compare the spread of bupivacaine-methylene blue solution (BMS) using two volumes of injection into the PBP. Methods Six cadavers (4.4 ± 1.8 kg) randomly received 0.15 ml/kg (LOW) or 0.2 ml/kg (HIGH) per injection of BMS into the PBP. The first injection was made ventral to the transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra (nerves C6 and C7) at the emergence of nerve roots. A second injection was performed at the edge of the cranial border of the scapula and directed ventrally towards the first rib (C8 and T1). Cadavers were dissected and the presence of BMS in contact with the nerves (success rate) and length of staining were evaluated for each nerve (C6/C7/C8/T1). Length of target nerves in contact with BMS was measured and <15 mm was considered fair, ⩾15 mm sufficient and >40 mm excessive. Complications (aspiration of blood, staining of pleural space and/or spinal cord) were recorded. Paired t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and χ2 test were used for statistical analysis when appropriate ( P <0.05). Results Eleven hemilateral brachial plexuses were injected. Aspiration of blood occurred during one injection. Inadvertent pleural or spinal staining was not observed. Success rates (positive nerve staining) in the LOW and HIGH groups, respectively, were as follows: C6: 83% and 80%; C7: 66% and 100%; C8: 66% and 100%; T1: 50% and 60% ( P >0.05). Median (range) length of nerve staining was 22 mm (15-39 mm) for LOW and 21 mm (13-35 mm) for HIGH ( P >0.05). Excessive nerve staining was not recorded. Conclusions and relevance This study describes the PBP blockade in cats with acceptable nerve staining and minimal complications. Success rate and length of nerve staining were not significantly different between the LOW and HIGH groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina C Evangelista
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada.,2 Québec Research Group on Animal Pharmacology (GREPAQ), Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Beatriz P Monteiro
- 2 Québec Research Group on Animal Pharmacology (GREPAQ), Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada.,3 Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Graeme M Doodnaught
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Pascale Benoist
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Paulo V Steagall
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada.,2 Québec Research Group on Animal Pharmacology (GREPAQ), Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
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Akasaka M, Shimizu M. Comparison of ultrasound- and electrostimulation-guided nerve blocks of brachial plexus in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Echeverry-Bonilla DF, Pelaez JT, Buriticá EF, Laredo FG. Assessment of the potential efficacy of blind perineural injection techniques for blockade of the saphenous, obturator, and lateral cutaneous femoral nerves in dog cadavers. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:412-420. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.4.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Evangelista MC, Doodnaught GM, Fantoni DT, Steagall PVM. Sciatic and femoral nerve blockade using bupivacaine alone, or in combination with dexmedetomidine or buprenorphine in cats. Vet Rec 2017; 180:592. [PMID: 28341722 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the onset and offset of antinociception after sciatic (ScN) and femoral (FN) nerve blocks. Six healthy adult cats (4.8±1.3years; 4.3±0.4 kg) were included in a randomised, crossover, blinded and controlled study. Following sedation with dexmedetomidine (25 µg/kg, intramuscular), each ScN and FN injection was performed using 0.1 ml/kg of saline (CONTROL), bupivacaine (0.46 per cent, 0.46 mg/kg; BUPI), bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine (1 µg/kg; BUPI-DEX) or bupivacaine and buprenorphine (2.5 µg/kg; BUPI-BUPRE). Atipamezole (250 µg/kg) was administered after injections. Paw withdrawal thresholds (PWT) and motor blockade were evaluated before sedation and up to 24 hours. The PWT were significantly increased at half an hour in CONTROL, from two to four hours in BUPI and BUPI-DEX when compared with baseline. Motor blockade was observed between one and three hours in treatments using bupivacaine. Ability to walk was significantly impaired in BUPI at half an hour to two hours, BUPI-DEX at one to two hours and BUPI-BUPRE at two hours. Antinociception was observed in BUPI between one and eight hours, and in BUPI-DEX and BUPI-BUPRE between one and four hours. This study could not demonstrate a benefit of administering bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine or buprenorphine in cats. Results in BUPI-DEX may have been biased by the administration of atipamezole.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Evangelista
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - G M Doodnaught
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - D T Fantoni
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - P V M Steagall
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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Congdon JM, Boscan P, Goh CSS, Rezende M. Psoas compartment and sacral plexus block via electrostimulation for pelvic limb amputation in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2017; 44:915-924. [PMID: 28781205 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2016.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of psoas compartment and sacral plexus block for pelvic limb amputation in dogs. STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS A total of 16 dogs aged 8±3 years and weighing 35±14 kg (mean±standard deviation). METHODS Dogs were administered morphine (0.5 mg kg-1) and atropine (0.02 mg kg-1); anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Regional blocks were performed before surgery in eight dogs with bupivacaine (2.2 mg kg-1) and eight dogs were administered an equivalent volume of saline. The lumbar plexus within the psoas compartment was identified using electrolocation lateral to the lumbar vertebrae at the fourth-fifth, fifth-sixth and sixth-seventh vertebral interspaces. The sacral plexus, ventrolateral to the sacrum, was identified using electrolocation. Anesthesia was monitored using heart rate (HR), invasive blood pressure, electrocardiography, expired gases, respiratory frequency and esophageal temperature by an investigator unaware of the group allocation. Pelvic limb amputation by coxofemoral disarticulation was performed. Dogs that responded to surgical stimulation (>10% increase in HR or arterial pressure) were administered fentanyl (2 μg kg-1) intravenously for rescue analgesia. Postoperative pain was assessed at extubation; 30, 60 and 120 minutes; and the morning after surgery using a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS The number of intraoperative fentanyl doses was fewer in the bupivacaine group (2.7±1.1 versus 6.0±2.2; p<0.01). Differences in physiologic variables were not clinically significant. VAS scores were lower in bupivacaine dogs at extubation (0.8±1.9 versus 3.8±2.5) and at 30 minutes (1.0±1.4 versus 4.3±2.1; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Psoas compartment (lumbar plexus) and sacral plexus block provided analgesia during pelvic limb amputation in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon M Congdon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Pedro Boscan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Clara S S Goh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Marlis Rezende
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Arnholz M, Hungerbühler S, Weil C, Schütter AF, Rohn K, Tünsmeyer J, Kästner SBR. [Comparison of ultrasound guided femoral and sciatic nerve block versus epidural anaesthesia for orthopaedic surgery in dogs]. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2017; 45:5-14. [PMID: 27677086 DOI: 10.15654/tpk-151087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Comparison of ultrasound-guided femoral and sciatic nerve block versus epidural anaesthesia with bupivacaine and morphine for orthopaedic surgery of the pelvic limb in dogs with respect to analgesic effectiveness, clinical utility and side effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 22 dogs (American Society of Anesthesiologists, ASA grades I and II) undergoing orthopaedic surgery distal to the mid-femoral bone. The study was designed as a randomized, prospective, blinded clinical trial. All dogs were randomly assigned to receive 0.5 mg/kg bupivacaine (0.5%) and 0.1 mg/kg morphine sulphate (1%) either as epidural anaesthesia (group EPI) or by ultrasound-guided femoral and sciatic nerve block (group LA). During surgery, the heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), end-tidal isoflurane concentrations and dose of rescue analgesia (fentanyl boluses of 5 µg/kg i. v.) were measured. Pain severity was scored (short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale, GCMPS) before surgery and postoperatively at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after extubation. Post-operative rescue analgesia consisted of methadone (0.2 mg/kg i. v.), and was applied when the GCMPS > 6. For statistical analysis, the Chi-square, Fisher, and Wilcoxon tests and one- and two-way ANOVA were applied. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS Only the MAP was significantly different between the two treatment groups. Intra- and postoperative MAP of group LA (111.2 ± 11.2 mmHg and 119.3 ± 18.2 mmHg, respectively) was higher than in group EPI (86.6 ± 8.7 mmHg and 95.2 ± 13.1 mmHg, respectively). None of the dogs developed urinary retention or ambulatory deficits when completely recovered from anaesthesia. No other side effects were noted. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In conclusion, femoral and sciatic nerve blocks and epidural anaesthesia ensure comparable analgesic effects in canine patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery of the pelvic limb. The lower mean arterial blood pressure of group EPI was not of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Arnholz
- Mareike Arnholz, Klinik für Kleintiere, Abteilung für Anästhesie, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30159 Hannover, E-Mail:
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Gatson BJ, Garcia‐Pereira FL, James M, Carrera‐Justiz S, Lewis DD. Use of a perfusion index to confirm the presence of sciatic nerve blockade in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2016; 43:662-669. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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de Souza Junior P, da Cruz de Carvalho N, de Mattos K, Abidu Figueiredo M, Luiz Quagliatto Santos A. Brachial Plexus in the Pampas Fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus): a Descriptive and Comparative Analysis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 300:537-548. [PMID: 27788289 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Twenty thoracic limbs of ten Lycalopex gymnocercus were dissected to describe origin and distribution of the nerves forming brachial plexuses. The brachial plexus resulted from the connections between the ventral branches of the last three cervical nerves (C6, C7, and C8) and first thoracic nerve (T1). These branches connected the suprascapular, subscapular, axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar nerves to the intrinsic musculature and connected the brachiocephalic, thoracodorsal, lateral thoracic, long thoracic, cranial pectoral and caudal pectoral nerves to the extrinsic musculature. The C7 ventral branches contribute most to the formation of the nerves (62.7%), followed by C8 (58.8%), T1 (40.0%) and C6 (24.6%). Of the 260 nerves dissected, 69.2% resulted from a combination of two or three branches, while only 30.8% originated from a single branch. The origin and innervation area of the pampas fox brachial plexus, in comparison with other domestic and wild species, were most similar to the domestic dog and wild canids from the neotropics. The results of this study can serve as a base for comparative morphofunctional analysis involving this species and development of nerve block techniques. Anat Rec, 300:537-548, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo de Souza Junior
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.,Laboratory of Wild Animals Teaching and Research, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Karine de Mattos
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Abidu Figueiredo
- Department of Animal Biology, Animal Anatomy Area, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Quagliatto Santos
- Laboratory of Wild Animals Teaching and Research, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Ansón A, Laredo FG, Gil F, Soler M, Belda E, Agut A. Evaluation of an ultrasound-guided technique for axillary brachial plexus blockade in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2016; 19:146-152. [DOI: 10.1177/1098612x15618703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate and refine an ultrasound (US)-guided technique to block the brachial plexus (BP) at the level of the axillary space in live cats. Methods Eight adult experimental cats were enrolled into the study. The animals were sedated and positioned in dorsal recumbency with the limb to be blocked abducted 90º. The US transducer was placed in the axillary region and a non-traumatic peripheral nerve block needle was inserted in-plane with respect to the transducer, medial to the BP up to the level of the axillary artery. Lidocaine 1% (0.4 ml/kg) was injected as the needle was being progressively withdrawn in a caudal-to-cranial direction. The efficacy of the block was confirmed by evaluation of the motor and sensory functions of the blocked forelimb. Motor blockade was assessed observing the position of the blocked leg on standing and walking patterns. Sensory blockade was evaluated by the stimulation of mechanical nociceptors in the dermatomes supplied by the four major sensory nerves of the distal thoracic limb. Results The BP was successfully located by US in all cases. The achieved BP block was complete in six cats (75%) and partial in the remaining two cats (25%). All animals recovered uneventfully from the sedation and the BP blocks. Conclusions and relevance The US-guided block at the axillary space evaluated in this study is a feasible, reproducible and safe technique to block the BP plexus in experimental live cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Ansón
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco G Laredo
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Gil
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Soler
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eliseo Belda
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Amalia Agut
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Bartel AKG, Campoy L, Martin-Flores M, Gleed RD, Walker KJ, Scanapico CE, Reichard AB. Comparison of bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine femoral and sciatic nerve blocks with bupivacaine and buprenorphine epidural injection for stifle arthroplasty in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2016; 43:435-43. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Khatri-Chhetri N, Khatri-Chhetri R, Chung CS, Chern RS, Chien CH. The Spatial Relationship and Surface Projection of Canine Sciatic Nerve and Sacrotuberous Ligament: A Perineal Hernia Repair Perspective. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152078. [PMID: 27003911 PMCID: PMC4803242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sciatic nerve entrapment can occur as post-operative complication of perineal hernia repair when sacrotuberous ligament is incorporated during hernia deficit closure. This results in sciatic sensory loss and paralysis of the hind leg. This study investigated the spatial relationship of sciatic nerve and sacrotuberous ligament and their surface topographic projection of 68 cadavers (29 Beagles and 39 Taiwanese mongrels) with various heights (25–56 cm). By gross dissection, the sacrotuberous ligament and sciatic nerve were exposed and their distance in between was measured along four parts (A, B, C, D) of sacrotuberous ligament. The present study revealed that the C was the section of sacrotuberous ligament where the sciatic nerve and the sacrotuberous ligament are closest to each other. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between C and height of the dogs. From the present study, we found that the C in smaller dogs has the shortest distance between the sciatic nerve and the sacrotuberous ligament, and thus the most vulnerable to sciatic nerve entrapment, and needs to be avoided or approached cautiously during perineal hernia repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Khatri-Chhetri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Department of Small Animal Surgery and Acupuncture, Animal Hospital, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Rupak Khatri-Chhetri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Shu Chung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Department of Small Animal Surgery and Acupuncture, Animal Hospital, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Rey-Shyong Chern
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Chien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Department of Small Animal Surgery and Acupuncture, Animal Hospital, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Murdoch AP, Michou JN. The effect of loco-regional anaesthesia on motor activity induced by direct stimulation of the sciatic nerve in dogs. Vet J 2016; 209:139-43. [PMID: 26831173 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A prospective, randomised, blinded, case-controlled clinical study was designed using client-owned dogs undergoing unilateral pelvic limb orthopaedic surgery, to determine the effect on induced motor activity by electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve distal to the site of local anaesthetic administration. Dogs were administered 0.5% bupivacaine either extradurally or via a femoral and transgluteal sciatic electrolocation-guided nerve block prior to pelvic limb surgery. Motor response to electrical stimulation of branches of the sciatic nerve was tested and the minimum current required to induce muscle twitch was recorded prior to bupivacaine administration. Provided sensory blockade had been deemed successful intraoperatively, testing was repeated postoperatively, with each dog acting as its own control. Paired t-tests were performed to compare pre- and postoperative minimum currents. Eleven dogs administered extradural and 11 dogs administered femoral and sciatic perineural bupivacaine were eligible for post-operative testing. All dogs displayed normal motor response to electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve at both sites tested before and after bupivacaine administration. There was no significant difference in the minimum current required to induce muscle twitch between pre- and post-operative testing (P = 0.31 sciatic site, P = 0.36 peroneal site), nor between the two groups using different loco-regional anaesthetic techniques (minimum P = 0.13). This study shows that stimulation of the sciatic nerve distal to the site of bupivacaine administration induces motor activity, despite adequate sensory blockade. This is relevant in surgical cases where mechanical stimulation of the sciatic nerve might be expected and needs to be recognised to avoid postoperative neurapraxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Murdoch
- The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - J N Michou
- Pride Veterinary Centre, Riverside Road, Derby DE24 8HX, UK
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Bhalla RJ, Leece EA. Pneumothorax following nerve stimulator-guided axillary brachial plexus block in a dog. Vet Anaesth Analg 2015; 42:658-9. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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McCally RE, Bukoski A, Branson KR, Fox DB, Cook JL. Comparison of Short-Term Postoperative Analgesia by Epidural, Femoral Nerve Block, or Combination Femoral and Sciatic Nerve Block in Dogs Undergoing Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy. Vet Surg 2015; 44:983-7. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - James L. Cook
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory; Missouri Orthopaedic Institute; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri
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Becker WM, Mama KR, Rao S, Palmer RH, Egger EL. Prevalence of Dysphoria after Fentanyl in Dogs Undergoing Stifle Surgery. Vet Surg 2015; 42:302-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2012.01080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Willem M. Becker
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO
| | - Khursheed R. Mama
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO
| | - Ross H. Palmer
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO
| | - Erick L. Egger
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO
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40
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Graff SM, Wilson DV, Guiot LP, Nelson NC. Comparison of three ultrasound guided approaches to the lumbar plexus in dogs: a cadaveric study. Vet Anaesth Analg 2015; 42:394-404. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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d’Ovidio D, Noviello E, Adami C. Nerve stimulator-guided sciatic-femoral nerve block in raptors undergoing surgical treatment of pododermatitis. Vet Anaesth Analg 2015; 42:449-53. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Haro P, Laredo F, Gil F, Belda E, Ayala MD, Soler M, Agut A. Validation of the dorsal approach for the blockade of the femoral nerve using ultrasound and nerve electrolocation in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2015; 18:620-5. [DOI: 10.1177/1098612x15590868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study was conducted to validate the dorsal approach for femoral nerve (FN) blockade in cats and to verify the efficacy of the sole use of peripheral nerve electrolocation (PNE) or ultrasound (US)-guided technique to achieve the block. Methods This study was carried out in two phases. In phase 1, five adult experimental cats were used to validate the approach. In each cat, one FN was located by US and the accuracy of this location confirmed by PNE. Then, 2 mg/kg lidocaine 2% (diluted in saline to a final volume of 1 ml) was injected around the target nerve and the success of the blockade was evaluated. In phase 2, four adult experimental cats were included in two groups to verify the reliability of this approach to block eight FNs by the sole use of PNE (group 1) or US-guided technique (group 2). Evidence of motor blockade, time required to perform the blockade, onset time and duration of the blockades were determined. Results The FN was successfully located by US in all cats enrolled in phase 1, as confirmed by PNE in all cases. The success rate was clinically higher in group 2 (87.5%) than in group 1 (75.0%). The US-guided technique required less time to perform and produced blocks of longer duration. Recovery was uneventful in all cases. Conclusions and relevance The combined use of PNE and US-guided technique enabled validation of the dorsal approach for the FN blockade as it provided a successful FN blockade in all cases. The sole use of a US-guided technique may offer some advantages over the use of a sole PNE-guided technique to perform these blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Haro
- Cathedra’s Researcher of National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) of Mexico, assigned to Autonomous University of Yucatan, Regional Research Centre ‘Dr Hideyo Noguchi’, Merida, Mexico
| | - Francisco Laredo
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Gil
- Department of Anatomy and Compared Pathological Anatomy, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eliseo Belda
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María D Ayala
- Department of Anatomy and Compared Pathological Anatomy, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Soler
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Amalia Agut
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Adami C, Studer N. A case of severe ventricular arrhythmias occurring as a complication of nerve-stimulator guided brachial plexus location. Vet Anaesth Analg 2015; 42:230-1. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Reichert P, Kiełbowicz Z, DziĘgiel P, Puła B, Kuryszko J, Gosk J, Bocheńska A. The Rabbit Brachial Plexus as a Model for Nerve Repair Surgery-Histomorphometric Analysis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 298:444-54. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Reichert
- Department of Traumatology; Clinic of Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University; ul. Borowska 213 50-556 Wrocław Poland
| | - Zdzisław Kiełbowicz
- Department of Surgery; the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; pl. Grunwaldzki 51 50-366 Wrocław Poland
| | - Piotr DziĘgiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Wroclaw Medical University; ul. Chałubińskiego 6a 50-368 Wrocław Poland
| | - Bartosz Puła
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Wroclaw Medical University; ul. Chałubińskiego 6a 50-368 Wrocław Poland
| | - Jan Kuryszko
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; ul. Norwida 31 50-373 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Jerzy Gosk
- Department of Traumatology; Clinic of Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University; ul. Borowska 213 50-556 Wrocław Poland
| | - Aneta Bocheńska
- Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; ul. Oczapowskiego 14 10-718 Olsztyn Poland
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Ansón A, Laredo FG, Gil F, Soler M, Belda E, Ayala MD, Agut A. Comparison of two techniques for ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus blockade in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2014; 17:476-85. [DOI: 10.1177/1098612x14548785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Axillary blockade of the brachial plexus (BP) is advocated in humans and dogs for surgical procedures carried out on the foot, carpus and elbow as it provides complete analgesia distally from above the elbow joint. The aim of this study was to develop an ultrasound (US)-guided approach to block the BP in cats. Two groups of 12 feline cadavers each were used to compare two different techniques to block the BP at the axillary level. The reliability of the techniques was assessed by anatomical and computed tomography (CT) studies. Cadavers of the first group were positioned in dorsal recumbency with the forelimb to be blocked adducted (thoracic limbs flexed and orientated caudally) (FAD technique). The second group was positioned in dorsal recumbency with the forelimb abducted 90° (FAB technique). The accuracy of the techniques was determined by US after injecting 1 ml blue ink along the BP nerves, and by CT after injecting 1 ml of an iodinated contrast medium. The anatomical and CT studies confirmed the accuracy of the US location of the BP nerves. Staining of the axillaris, musculocutaneous, radialis, medianus and ulnaris nerves was observed in 100% of cats using the FAB technique and in 66% of the cats using the FAD technique. Rate of complications was higher in the FAD technique. In conclusion, a US-guided axillary approach to the BP by the use of a FAB technique is a safe and feasible procedure to block the BP in the cat. Further studies are needed to ascertain whether the technique can be applied in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Ansón
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco G Laredo
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Gil
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Soler
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eliseo Belda
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria D Ayala
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Amalia Agut
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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46
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Gurney MA, Leece EA. Analgesia for pelvic limb surgery. A review of peripheral nerve blocks and the extradural technique. Vet Anaesth Analg 2014; 41:445-58. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Re M, Blanco-Murcia J, Villaescusa Fernández A, De Gaspar Simón I, Gómez de Segura IA. Ultrasound-guided anaesthetic blockade of the pelvic limb in calves. Vet J 2014; 200:434-9. [PMID: 24797105 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe a suitable acoustic window to facilitate access to the sciatic and femoral nerves in calves and to study the effects of their blockade with local anaesthetics. The neuroanatomical and ultrasound (US) study was performed on the cadavers of 10 calves, and the effects of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine (0.2 mL/kg) were determined in five healthy calves. The sciatic nerve in the cadavers was easily visualised as a hyperechoic band distal to the femoral greater trochanter and caudal to the femoral shaft. The femoral nerve in the cadavers was not easily identified, and was visualised as a hyperechoic oval structure situated immediately medial to the psoas major muscle and lateral to the femoral artery. The sciatic nerve was stained by methylene blue, injected under US guidance, in 9/10 cases, and the femoral nerve was stained in 6/10 cases. Sciatic nerve blockade under US guidance produced adduction of the limb with metatarsophalangeal joint flexion, while the femoral nerve blockade produced reduced weight bearing. The sciatic nerve blockade produced a reduced response to the noxious stimulus, mainly in the phalanges, proximal and distal metatarsus, tarsus and tibia and, following the femoral nerve blockade, in the medial subarea of the femur. However, femoral nerve blockade produced a more variable degree of blockade. In conclusion, US -guided anaesthetic blockade of the sciatic nerve in calves may be considered for surgery in the distal pelvic limb, although further studies are necessary to determine its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Re
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, University Complutense, Avda, Puerta de Hierro s/n. 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Blanco-Murcia
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, University Complutense, Avda, Puerta de Hierro s/n. 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Villaescusa Fernández
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, University Complutense, Avda, Puerta de Hierro s/n. 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio De Gaspar Simón
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Veterinary Faculty, University Complutense, Avda, Puerta de Hierro s/n. 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio A Gómez de Segura
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, University Complutense, Avda, Puerta de Hierro s/n. 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Waag S, Stoffel MH, Spadavecchia C, Eichenberger U, Rohrbach H. Ultrasound-guided block of sciatic and femoral nerves: an anatomical study. Lab Anim 2014; 48:97-104. [DOI: 10.1177/0023677213516314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The sheep is a popular animal model for human biomechanical research involving invasive surgery on the hind limb. These painful procedures can only be ethically justified with the application of adequate analgesia protocols. Regional anaesthesia as an adjunct to general anaesthesia may markedly improve well-being of these experimental animals during the postoperative period due to a higher analgesic efficacy when compared with systemic drugs, and may therefore reduce stress and consequently the severity of such studies. As a first step 14 sheep cadavers were used to establish a new technique for the peripheral blockade of the sciatic and the femoral nerves under sonographic guidance and to evaluate the success rate by determination of the colorization of both nerves after an injection of 0.5 mL of a 0.1% methylene blue solution. First, both nerves were visualized sonographically. Then, methylene blue solution was injected and subsequently the length of colorization was measured by gross anatomical dissection of the target nerves. Twenty-four sciatic nerves were identified sonographically in 12 out of 13 cadavers. In one animal, the nerve could not be ascertained unequivocally and, consequently, nerve colorization failed. Twenty femoral nerves were located by ultrasound in 10 out of 13 cadavers. In three cadavers, signs of autolysis impeded the scan. This study provides a detailed anatomical description of the localization of the sciatic and the femoral nerves and presents an effective and safe yet simple and rapid technique for performing peripheral nerve blocks with a high success rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Waag
- Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Michael H Stoffel
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Spadavecchia
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Anaesthesia Department, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Eichenberger
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, St Anna Clinic, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Helene Rohrbach
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Anaesthesia Department, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
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d’Ovidio D, Rota S, Noviello E, Briganti A, Adami C. Nerve Stimulator–Guided Sciatic-Femoral Block in Pet Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Undergoing Hind Limb Surgery: A Case Series. J Exot Pet Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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50
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Riccó C, Shih A, Killos M, Henao-Guerrero N, Graham L. Different volumes of injectate using electrostimulator and blinded techniques for brachial plexus block in dogs. Vet Rec 2013; 173:608. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Riccó
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine; Virginia Tech, 215 Duck Pond Dr, Phase 2 (0442) Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - A. Shih
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - M. Killos
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine; Virginia Tech, 215 Duck Pond Dr, Phase 2 (0442) Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - N. Henao-Guerrero
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine; Virginia Tech, 215 Duck Pond Dr, Phase 2 (0442) Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - L. Graham
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Minnesota; Saint Paul MN USA
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