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Tran AD, Cho K, Han O. Rice peroxygenase catalyzes lipoxygenase-dependent regiospecific epoxidation of lipid peroxides in the response to abiotic stressors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106285. [PMID: 36450198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The peroxygenase pathway plays pivotal roles in plant responses to oxidative stress and other environmental stressors. Analysis of a network of co-expressed stress-regulated rice genes demonstrated that expression of OsPXG9 is negatively correlated with expression of genes involved in jasmonic acid biosynthesis. DNA sequence analysis and structure/function studies reveal that OsPXG9 is a caleosin-like peroxygenase with amphipathic α-helices that localizes to lipid droplets in rice cells. Enzymatic studies demonstrate that 12-epoxidation is slightly more favorable with 9(S)-hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoic acid than with 9(S)-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid as substrate. The products of 12-epoxidation are labile, and the epoxide ring is hydrolytically cleaved into corresponding trihydroxy compounds. On the other hand, OsPXG9 catalyzed 15-epoxidation of 13(S)-hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoic acid generates a relatively stable epoxide product. Therefore, the regiospecific 12- or 15-epoxidation catalyzed by OsPXG9 strongly depends on activation of the 9- or 13- peroxygenase reaction pathways, with their respective preferred substrates. The relative abundance of products in the 9-PXG and 13-PXG pathways suggest that the 12-epoxidation involves intramolecular oxygen transfer while the 15-epoxidation can proceed via intramolecular or intermolecular oxygen transfer. Expression of OsPXG9 is up-regulated by abiotic stimuli such as drought and salt stress, but it is down-regulated by biotic stimuli such as flagellin 22 and salicylic acid. The results suggest that the primary function of OsPXG9 is to modulate the level of lipid peroxides to facilitate effective defense responses to abiotic and biotic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Duc Tran
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungwon Cho
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Oksoo Han
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Hammer AK, Emrich NO, Ott J, Birk F, Fraatz MA, Ley JP, Geissler T, Bornscheuer UT, Zorn H. Biotechnological Production and Sensory Evaluation of ω1-Unsaturated Aldehydes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:345-353. [PMID: 33350305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid extracts of the fungus Flammulina velutipes were found to contain various scarce fatty acids including dodec-11-enoic acid and di- and tri-unsaturated C16 isomers. A biotechnological approach using a heterologously expressed carboxylic acid reductase was developed to transform the fatty acids into the respective aldehydes, yielding inter alia dodec-11-enal. Supplementation studies gave insights into the fungal biosynthesis of this rarely occurring acid and suggested a terminal desaturation of lauric acid being responsible for its formation. A systematic structure-odor relationship assessment of terminally unsaturated aldehydes (C7-C13) revealed odor thresholds in the range of 0.24-22 μg/L in aqueous solution and 0.039-29 ng/L in air. In both cases, non-8-enal was identified as the most potent compound. All aldehydes exhibited green odor qualities. Short-chained substances were additionally associated with grassy, melon-, and cucumber-like notes, while longer-chained homologs smelled soapy and coriander leaf-like with partly herbaceous nuances. Dodec-11-enal turned out to be of highly pleasant scent without off-notes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas K Hammer
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Nils O Emrich
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Janina Ott
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Florian Birk
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marco A Fraatz
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jakob P Ley
- Symrise AG, Muehlenfeldstrasse 1, 37603 Holzminden, Germany
| | | | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Greifswald University, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Holger Zorn
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Stolterfoht H, Rinnofner C, Winkler M, Pichler H. Recombinant Lipoxygenases and Hydroperoxide Lyases for the Synthesis of Green Leaf Volatiles. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13367-13392. [PMID: 31591878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are mainly C6- and in rare cases also C9-aldehydes, -alcohols, and -esters, which are released by plants in response to biotic or abiotic stresses. These compounds are named for their characteristic smell reminiscent of freshly mowed grass. This review focuses on GLVs and the two major pathway enzymes responsible for their formation: lipoxygenases (LOXs) and fatty acid hydroperoxide lyases (HPLs). LOXs catalyze the peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic and α-linolenic acids. Hydroperoxy fatty acids are further converted by HPLs into aldehydes and oxo-acids. In many industrial applications, plant extracts have been used as LOX and HPL sources. However, these processes are limited by low enzyme concentration, stability, and specificity. Alternatively, recombinant enzymes can be used as biocatalysts for GLV synthesis. The increasing number of well-characterized enzymes efficiently expressed by microbial hosts will foster the development of innovative biocatalytic processes for GLV production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Stolterfoht
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Claudia Rinnofner
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
- bisy e.U. , Wetzawinkel 20 , 8200 Hofstaetten , Austria
| | - Margit Winkler
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology , TU Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Harald Pichler
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology , TU Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
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Epoxy and hydroxy fatty acids as non-volatile lipid oxidation products in oat. Food Chem 2019; 295:82-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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An JU, Lee IG, Ko YJ, Oh DK. Microbial Synthesis of Linoleate 9 S-Lipoxygenase Derived Plant C18 Oxylipins from C18 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3209-3219. [PMID: 30808175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant oxylipins, including hydroxy fatty acids, epoxy hydroxy fatty acids, and trihydroxy fatty acids, which are biosynthesized from C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are involved in pathogen-specific defense mechanisms against fungal infections. However, their quantitative biotransformation by plant enzymes has not been reported. A few bacteria produce C18 trihydroxy fatty acids, but the enzymes and pathways related to the biosynthesis of plant oxylipins in bacteria have not been reported. In this study, we first report the biotransformation of C18 PUFAs into plant C18 oxylipins by expressing linoleate 9 S-lipoxygenase with and without epoxide hydrolase from the proteobacterium Myxococcus xanthus in recombinant Escherichia coli. Among the nine types of plant oxylipins, 12,13-epoxy-14-hydroxy- cis, cis-9,15-octadecadienoic acid was identified as a new compound by NMR analysis, and 9,10,11-hydroxy- cis, cis-6,12-octadecadienoic acid and 12,13,14-trihydroxy- cis, cis-9,15-octadecadienoic were suggested as new compounds by LC-MS/MS analysis. This study shows that bioactive plant oxylipins can be produced by microbial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ung An
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities (NCIRF) , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
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Strehmel N, Strunk D, Strehmel V. White Birch Trunk Extracts as a Source of Organic Compounds. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Strehmel
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology; Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; Weinberg 3 D-06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
- Federal Institute of Forensic and Social Medicine; Turmstraße 21 D-10559 Berlin Germany
| | - David Strunk
- Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry; Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences; Adlerstrasse 32 D-47798 Krefeld Germany
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry; Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences; Adlerstrasse 32 D-47798 Krefeld Germany
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Deshpande AB, Anamika K, Jha V, Chidley HG, Oak PS, Kadoo NY, Pujari KH, Giri AP, Gupta VS. Transcriptional transitions in Alphonso mango (Mangifera indica L.) during fruit development and ripening explain its distinct aroma and shelf life characteristics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8711. [PMID: 28821734 PMCID: PMC5562913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alphonso is known as the “King of mangos” due to its unique flavor, attractive color, low fiber pulp and long shelf life. We analyzed the transcriptome of Alphonso mango through Illumina sequencing from seven stages of fruit development and ripening as well as flower. Total transcriptome data from these stages ranged between 65 and 143 Mb. Importantly, 20,755 unique transcripts were annotated and 4,611 were assigned enzyme commission numbers, which encoded 142 biological pathways. These included ethylene and flavor related secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways, as well as those involved in metabolism of starch, sucrose, amino acids and fatty acids. Differential regulation (p-value ≤ 0.05) of thousands of transcripts was evident in various stages of fruit development and ripening. Novel transcripts for biosynthesis of mono-terpenes, sesqui-terpenes, di-terpenes, lactones and furanones involved in flavor formation were identified. Large number of transcripts encoding cell wall modifying enzymes was found to be steady in their expression, while few were differentially regulated through these stages. Novel 79 transcripts of inhibitors of cell wall modifying enzymes were simultaneously detected throughout Alphonso fruit development and ripening, suggesting controlled activity of these enzymes involved in fruit softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish B Deshpande
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Krishanpal Anamika
- Labs, Persistent Systems Limited, Pingala-Aryabhata, Erandwane, Pune, 411004, India
| | - Vineet Jha
- Labs, Persistent Systems Limited, Pingala-Aryabhata, Erandwane, Pune, 411004, India
| | - Hemangi G Chidley
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pranjali S Oak
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Narendra Y Kadoo
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Keshav H Pujari
- Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Agriculture University, Dapoli, 415712, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vidya S Gupta
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India.
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Deshpande AB, Chidley HG, Oak PS, Pujari KH, Giri AP, Gupta VS. Isolation and characterization of 9-lipoxygenase and epoxide hydrolase 2 genes: Insight into lactone biosynthesis in mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 138:65-75. [PMID: 28291596 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Uniqueness and diversity of mango flavour across various cultivars are well known. Among various flavour metabolites lactones form an important class of aroma volatiles in certain mango varieties due to their ripening specific appearance and lower odour detection threshold. In spite of their biological and biochemical importance, lactone biosynthetic pathway in plants remains elusive. Present study encompasses quantitative real-time analysis of 9-lipoxygenase (Mi9LOX), epoxide hydrolase 2 (MiEH2), peroxygenase, hydroperoxide lyase and acyl-CoA-oxidase genes during various developmental and ripening stages in fruit of Alphonso, Pairi and Kent cultivars with high, low and no lactone content and explains their variable lactone content. Study also covers isolation, recombinant protein characterization and transient over-expression of Mi9LOX and MiEH2 genes in mango fruits. Recombinant Mi9LOX utilized linoleic and linolenic acids, while MiEH2 utilized aromatic and fatty acid epoxides as their respective substrates depicting their role in fatty acid metabolism. Significant increase in concentration of δ-valerolactone and δ-decalactone upon Mi9LOX over-expression and that of δ-valerolactone, γ-hexalactone and δ-hexalactone upon MiEH2 over-expression further suggested probable involvement of these genes in lactone biosynthesis in mango.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish B Deshpande
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Hemangi G Chidley
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Pranjali S Oak
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Keshav H Pujari
- Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Agriculture University, Dapoli, 415712, India
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Vidya S Gupta
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411 008, India.
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ul Hassan MN, Zainal Z, Ismail I. Green leaf volatiles: biosynthesis, biological functions and their applications in biotechnology. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:727-39. [PMID: 25865366 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved numerous constitutive and inducible defence mechanisms to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. These stresses induce the expression of various genes to activate defence-related pathways that result in the release of defence chemicals. One of these defence mechanisms is the oxylipin pathway, which produces jasmonates, divinylethers and green leaf volatiles (GLVs) through the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). GLVs have recently emerged as key players in plant defence, plant-plant interactions and plant-insect interactions. Some GLVs inhibit the growth and propagation of plant pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and fungi. In certain cases, GLVs released from plants under herbivore attack can serve as aerial messengers to neighbouring plants and to attract parasitic or parasitoid enemies of the herbivores. The plants that perceive these volatile signals are primed and can then adapt in preparation for the upcoming challenges. Due to their 'green note' odour, GLVs impart aromas and flavours to many natural foods, such as vegetables and fruits, and therefore, they can be exploited in industrial biotechnology. The aim of this study was to review the progress and recent developments in research on the oxylipin pathway, with a specific focus on the biosynthesis and biological functions of GLVs and their applications in industrial biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem ul Hassan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Zamri Zainal
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Ismanizan Ismail
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
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Otte KB, Kittelberger J, Kirtz M, Nestl BM, Hauer B. Whole-Cell One-Pot Biosynthesis of Azelaic Acid. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Huang FC, Schwab W. Molecular characterization of NbEH1 and NbEH2, two epoxide hydrolases from Nicotiana benthamiana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 90:6-15. [PMID: 23562372 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant epoxide hydrolases (EH) form two major clades, named EH1 and EH2. To gain a better understanding of the biochemical roles of the two classes, NbEH1.1 and NbEH2.1 were isolated from Nicotiana benthamiana and StEH from potato and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant proteins were assayed with a variety of substrates. NbEH1.1 only accepted some aromatic epoxides, and displayed the highest enzyme activity towards phenyl glycidyl ether. In contrast, NbEH2.1 displayed a broad substrate range and similar substrate specificity as StEH. The latter enzymes showed activity towards all fatty acid epoxides examined. The activity (Vmax) of NbEH1.1 towards phenyl glycidyl ether was 10 times higher than that of NbEH2.1. On the contrary, NbEH2.1 converted cis-9,10-epoxystearic acid with Vmax of 3.83μmolminmg(-1) but NbEH1.1 could not hydrolyze cis-9,10-epoxystearic acid. Expression analysis revealed that NbEH1.1 is induced by infection with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and wounding, whereas NbEH2.1 is present at a relatively constant level, not influenced by treatment with TMV and wounding. NbEH1.1 transcripts were present predominantly in roots, whereas NbEH2.1 mRNAs were detected primarily in leaves and stems. Overall, these two types of tobacco EH enzymes are distinguished not only by their gene expression, but also by different substrate specificities. EH1 seems not to participate in cutin biosynthesis and it may play a role in generating signals for activation of certain defence and stress responses in tobacco. However, members of the EH2 group hydrate fatty acid epoxides and may be involved in cutin monomer production in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong-Chin Huang
- Technische Universität München, Biotechnology of Natural Products, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, Freising D-85354, Germany
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