|
5
|
Lyden P, Weymer S, Coffey C, Cudkowicz M, Berg S, O'Brien S, Fisher M, Haley EC, Khatri P, Saver J, Levine S, Levy H, Rymer M, Wechsler L, Jadhav A, McNeil E, Waddy S, Pryor K. Selecting Patients for Intra-Arterial Therapy in the Context of a Clinical Trial for Neuroprotection. Stroke 2016; 47:2979-2985. [PMID: 27803392 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.013881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The advent of intra-arterial neurothrombectomy (IAT) for acute ischemic stroke opens a potentially transformative opportunity to improve neuroprotection studies. Combining a putative neuroprotectant with recanalization could produce more powerful trials but could introduce heterogeneity and adverse event possibilities. We sought to demonstrate feasibility of IAT in neuroprotectant trials by defining IAT selection criteria for an ongoing neuroprotectant clinical trial. METHODS The study drug, 3K3A-APC, is a pleiotropic cytoprotectant and may reduce thrombolysis-associated hemorrhage. The NeuroNEXT trial NN104 (RHAPSODY) is designed to establish a maximally tolerated dose of 3K3A-APC. Each trial site provided their IAT selection criteria. An expert panel reviewed site criteria and published evidence. Finally, the trial leadership designed IAT selection criteria. RESULTS Derived selection criteria reflected consistency among the sites and comparability to published IAT trials. A protocol amendment allowing IAT (and relaxed age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and time limits) in the RHAPSODY trial was implemented on June 15, 2015. Recruitment before and after the amendment improved from 8 enrolled patients (601 screened, 1.3%) to 51 patients (821 screened, 6.2%; odds ratio [95% confidence limit] of 4.9 [2.3-10.4]; P<0.001). Gross recruitment was 0.11 patients per site month versus 0.43 patients per site per month, respectively, before and after the amendment. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to include IAT in a neuroprotectant trial for acute ischemic stroke. Criteria are presented for including such patients in a manner that is consistent with published evidence for IAT while still preserving the ability to test the role of the putative neuroprotectant. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02222714.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lyden
- From the Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.L.); ZZ Biotech, LLC, Houston, TX (S.W., H.L., K.P.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.C., S.O.); Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.C., S.B.); Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.F.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (E.C.H.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (P.K.); Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (J.S.); Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn (S.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, PA (L.W., A.J.); and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.M., S.W.).
| | - Sara Weymer
- From the Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.L.); ZZ Biotech, LLC, Houston, TX (S.W., H.L., K.P.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.C., S.O.); Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.C., S.B.); Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.F.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (E.C.H.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (P.K.); Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (J.S.); Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn (S.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, PA (L.W., A.J.); and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.M., S.W.)
| | - Chris Coffey
- From the Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.L.); ZZ Biotech, LLC, Houston, TX (S.W., H.L., K.P.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.C., S.O.); Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.C., S.B.); Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.F.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (E.C.H.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (P.K.); Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (J.S.); Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn (S.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, PA (L.W., A.J.); and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.M., S.W.)
| | - Merit Cudkowicz
- From the Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.L.); ZZ Biotech, LLC, Houston, TX (S.W., H.L., K.P.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.C., S.O.); Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.C., S.B.); Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.F.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (E.C.H.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (P.K.); Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (J.S.); Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn (S.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, PA (L.W., A.J.); and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.M., S.W.)
| | - Samantha Berg
- From the Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.L.); ZZ Biotech, LLC, Houston, TX (S.W., H.L., K.P.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.C., S.O.); Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.C., S.B.); Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.F.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (E.C.H.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (P.K.); Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (J.S.); Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn (S.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, PA (L.W., A.J.); and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.M., S.W.)
| | - Sarah O'Brien
- From the Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.L.); ZZ Biotech, LLC, Houston, TX (S.W., H.L., K.P.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.C., S.O.); Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.C., S.B.); Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.F.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (E.C.H.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (P.K.); Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (J.S.); Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn (S.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, PA (L.W., A.J.); and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.M., S.W.)
| | - Marc Fisher
- From the Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.L.); ZZ Biotech, LLC, Houston, TX (S.W., H.L., K.P.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.C., S.O.); Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.C., S.B.); Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.F.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (E.C.H.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (P.K.); Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (J.S.); Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn (S.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, PA (L.W., A.J.); and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.M., S.W.)
| | - E Clarke Haley
- From the Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.L.); ZZ Biotech, LLC, Houston, TX (S.W., H.L., K.P.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.C., S.O.); Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.C., S.B.); Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.F.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (E.C.H.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (P.K.); Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (J.S.); Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn (S.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, PA (L.W., A.J.); and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.M., S.W.)
| | - Pooja Khatri
- From the Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.L.); ZZ Biotech, LLC, Houston, TX (S.W., H.L., K.P.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.C., S.O.); Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.C., S.B.); Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.F.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (E.C.H.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (P.K.); Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (J.S.); Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn (S.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, PA (L.W., A.J.); and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.M., S.W.)
| | - Jeff Saver
- From the Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.L.); ZZ Biotech, LLC, Houston, TX (S.W., H.L., K.P.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.C., S.O.); Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.C., S.B.); Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.F.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (E.C.H.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (P.K.); Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (J.S.); Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn (S.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, PA (L.W., A.J.); and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.M., S.W.)
| | - Steven Levine
- From the Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.L.); ZZ Biotech, LLC, Houston, TX (S.W., H.L., K.P.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.C., S.O.); Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.C., S.B.); Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.F.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (E.C.H.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (P.K.); Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (J.S.); Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn (S.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, PA (L.W., A.J.); and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.M., S.W.)
| | - Howard Levy
- From the Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.L.); ZZ Biotech, LLC, Houston, TX (S.W., H.L., K.P.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.C., S.O.); Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.C., S.B.); Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.F.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (E.C.H.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (P.K.); Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (J.S.); Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn (S.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, PA (L.W., A.J.); and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.M., S.W.)
| | - Marilyn Rymer
- From the Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.L.); ZZ Biotech, LLC, Houston, TX (S.W., H.L., K.P.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.C., S.O.); Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.C., S.B.); Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.F.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (E.C.H.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (P.K.); Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (J.S.); Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn (S.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, PA (L.W., A.J.); and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.M., S.W.)
| | - Lawrence Wechsler
- From the Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.L.); ZZ Biotech, LLC, Houston, TX (S.W., H.L., K.P.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.C., S.O.); Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.C., S.B.); Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.F.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (E.C.H.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (P.K.); Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (J.S.); Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn (S.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, PA (L.W., A.J.); and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.M., S.W.)
| | - Ashutosh Jadhav
- From the Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.L.); ZZ Biotech, LLC, Houston, TX (S.W., H.L., K.P.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.C., S.O.); Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.C., S.B.); Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.F.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (E.C.H.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (P.K.); Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (J.S.); Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn (S.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, PA (L.W., A.J.); and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.M., S.W.)
| | - Elizabeth McNeil
- From the Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.L.); ZZ Biotech, LLC, Houston, TX (S.W., H.L., K.P.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.C., S.O.); Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.C., S.B.); Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.F.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (E.C.H.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (P.K.); Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (J.S.); Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn (S.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, PA (L.W., A.J.); and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.M., S.W.)
| | - Salina Waddy
- From the Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.L.); ZZ Biotech, LLC, Houston, TX (S.W., H.L., K.P.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.C., S.O.); Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.C., S.B.); Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.F.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (E.C.H.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (P.K.); Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (J.S.); Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn (S.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, PA (L.W., A.J.); and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.M., S.W.)
| | - Kent Pryor
- From the Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.L.); ZZ Biotech, LLC, Houston, TX (S.W., H.L., K.P.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.C., S.O.); Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (M.C., S.B.); Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (M.F.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (E.C.H.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (P.K.); Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (J.S.); Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn (S.L.); Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City (M.R.); Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, PA (L.W., A.J.); and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.M., S.W.)
| |
Collapse
|