Risk of subsequent non-melanoma skin cancer in a cohort of patients with primary basal cell carcinoma

Periocular basal cell carcinoma - clinical perspectives

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) as a non-melanoma skin cancer type is the most common malignant tumor throughout the world. The incidence is higher in age over 60. The intense of exposure to ultraviolet radiation is one of the known risk factors. Over 50% of BCC of the periocular region initially occur on the lower lid and inner angle. Literature review of treatment options for basal cell carcinoma, which consist of surgery, or combined techniques plus vismodegib, radiotherapy and imiquimod. The first consideration for treatment of periocular BCC is radical surgical excision using Mohs micrographic technique. Functional and esthetic outcome in patients are important after clear excisions and reconstruction should be carefully considered. Radical exenteration is considered in the case of orbital invasion of high-risk aggressive BCC.

Clinical and prognostic factors in the development of basal cell carcinoma

We investigated the environmental and personal risk factors associated with the development of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). This retrospective cohort study included a total of 997 patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by histopathologic examination between 2007 and 2014. A control examination was performed in 363 of these patients, who were accessed via telephone. A total of 1151 tumors were detected in 997 patients. During their follow-up, 13% of them developed subsequent tumors. The risk of developing subsequent tumor was 2.7-fold higher in patients with multiple BCCs at the time of diagnosis than those with single BCC. Multiple BCCs tended to develop in older patients and men. The risk of developing multiple BCCs was increased in patients with a history of BCC, skin type 1 or 2, and chronic sun exposure (sun exposure of >500 weeks, a high photoaging score [≥30], and the presence of actinic keratosis). We concluded that chronic sun exposure may increase the risk of developing multiple BCCs. These data also indicate that cumulative sun exposure is as important for developing BCC as for squamous cell carcinoma.

Sunburn and sun-protective behaviors among adults with and without previous nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC): A population-based study

BACKGROUND

Individuals with previous nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) are at increased risk for subsequent skin cancer, and should therefore limit ultraviolet exposure.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to determine whether individuals with previous NMSC engage in better sun protection than those with no skin cancer history.

METHODS

We pooled self-reported data (2005 and 2010 National Health Interview Surveys) from US non-Hispanic white adults (758 with and 34,161 without previous NMSC). We calculated adjusted prevalence odds ratios (aPOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), taking into account the complex survey design.

RESULTS

Individuals with previous NMSC versus no history of NMSC had higher rates of frequent use of shade (44.3% vs 27.0%; aPOR 1.41; 95% CI 1.16-1.71), long sleeves (20.5% vs 7.7%; aPOR 1.55; 95% CI 1.21-1.98), a wide-brimmed hat (26.1% vs 10.5%; aPOR 1.52; 95% CI 1.24-1.87), and sunscreen (53.7% vs 33.1%; aPOR 2.11; 95% CI 1.73-2.59), but did not have significantly lower odds of recent sunburn (29.7% vs 40.7%; aPOR 0.95; 95% CI 0.77-1.17). Among those with previous NMSC, recent sunburn was inversely associated with age, sun avoidance, and shade but not sunscreen.

LIMITATIONS

Self-reported cross-sectional data and unavailable information quantifying regular sun exposure are limitations.

CONCLUSION

Physicians should emphasize sunburn prevention when counseling patients with previous NMSC, especially younger adults, focusing on shade and sun avoidance over sunscreen.

Predictors of basal cell carcinoma in high-risk patients in the VATTC (VA Topical Tretinoin Chemoprevention) trial

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer in the United States today, and patients who have had one are likely to have multiple carcinomas over time. Predictors of new BCCs on the face and ears among those at very high risk have not been studied in detail. We sought to do so prospectively in the context of a 6-year trial. We found that the number of BCCs in the prior 5 years was the most important predictor. Age, sun sensitivity, occupational sun exposure before the age of 30 years (but not afterward), lower educational level, history of eczema, the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, and more sunscreen use in the week, but not the 6 months, before enrollment were also independent predictors, but sunburns, baseline sun exposure, and other sun-protective measures, other skin cancers, and actinic keratoses were not. None of the eczema patients had a history of topical calcineurin use. The cumulative risk of BCC was 55% at 5 years. These findings document the key risk factors in this very high-risk population, suggesting that the history of eczema may increase the risk in those at high risk and that early sun exposure is important even in this group, and underscoring the need for chemopreventive strategies.

Comparison of risk factors of single Basal cell carcinoma with multiple Basal cell carcinomas

Background:

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant skin tumor. Although mortality attributable to BCC is not high, the disease is responsible for considerable morbidity. There is evidence that the number of patients who develop more than one BCC is increasing.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to elucidate possible risk factors for developing Multiple BCC.

Patients and Methods:

Patients with histologically proven BCC (n = 218) were divided into two groups (single BCC and Multiple BCC) according to the number of their tumors and their profile were reviewed. Probable risk factors were compared between these two groups.

Results:

Among 33 evaluated risk factors, mountainous area of birth, past history of BCC, history of radiotherapy (in childhood due to tinea capitis), abnormal underlying skin at the site of tumor, and pigmented pathologic type showed significant differences between the two groups.

Conclusions:

The high rate of additional occurrences of skin cancers among patients with previously diagnosed BCC emphasizes the need of continued follow-up of these individuals. Those with higher risk require closest screening.

Do basal cell carcinomas recur after complete conventional surgical excision?

For 1378 patients treated in the 11 years 1988-1998 by conventional excision of 1635 basal cell carcinomas, 1516 first index lesions were histologically completely excised. All patients having more than one BCC excised were identified from the data base from 1988 to 2003 to give minimum 5 years follow for last treated primary lesions in 1998. Measured clearance margins around the initial lesions at or near sites of presumptive recurrent lesions were noted and the lesions recorded photographically. All incompletely excised lesions whether or not re-excised were excluded. The median age for all patients was 70 years. Over minimum 5 years follow up, six patients developed nine subsequent lesions contiguous with the scar or graft repair of primary index lesion excision site (probable recurrences). The median interval to recurrence was 41 months (4 months-8 years 10 months), with median lateral clearance margin around the primary tumour of 2 mm (0.3-6.8 mm). A further nine patients developed 11 new lesions near (within 1cm of) the scar or graft of primary index lesion excision site (possible recurrences). The median interval to recurrence was 59 months (1 year-8 years 6 months). The median lateral clearance margin around the primary tumour was 4.1 mm (0.8-5.8 mm). For the two groups combined the maximum recurrence rate expressed as a percentage of index lesions was 1.3% (20/1516). Two thirds of possible and probable recurrences occurred in the temple and forehead, although these sites represented only 22% of all lesions, which may rather suggest new lesions in an area of field change as opposed to residual disease. The measured clearance margins reported here perhaps suggest that some original lesions may well have been completely excised primarily and many 'recurrences' were new primaries. These figures indicate there is a low order of probability for the incidence of recurrent basal cell carcinoma during minimum 5 years follow period after conventional surgical excision and conventional histological assessment of tumour resection margins.