Supernumerary breast on the thigh of a woman

Anomalies in milk line: Case report of two cases

Congenital anomalies of breast, especially polymastia and polythelia, confuse clinicians because of their varied presentations, associated renal anomalies, and pathologies arising in them. Case 1: A 30-year-old Asian Indian female presented with swelling in left inguinal region since 2 years, increased in size in last 2 months with history of milk discharge. Diagnosis of ectopic breast tissue inguinal region with lactational changes was made on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Case 2: A 28-year-old female presented with complaints of bilateral axillary mass for 2 years which is gradually increasing in size and associated with pain and discomfort along with intrareolar polythalia (left breast). FNAC was done from both axillary swelling which came out to be the fibroadenoma in ectopic breast tissue. Both the cases are discussed because of their rarity and to screen ectopic breast tissue for any pathology during routine screening of breast.

A Rare Case of a 15-Year-Old Boy with Two Accessory Nipples: One in the Forearm and One in the Milk Line

A 15-year-old male presented for evaluation of a volar forearm mass that he noticed four years before. The mass was not painful and his main concern was cosmesis. The mass was two centimeters in diameter with a pinpoint central sinus and scant drainage. After excision, the pathology report noted pilosebaceous units and smooth muscle bundles, consistent with an accessory nipple. In addition, the patient had another accessory nipple in the “milk line” on his torso. While accessory nipples and breast tissue have been reported in numerous locations throughout the body, this is the first reported case of an accessory nipple on the forearm.

Pseudomamma of the inguinal region in a female patient: A case report

INTRODUCTION

Supernumerary breasts are relative common benign congenital anomalies. General population occurrence rates vary up to 6% according to ethnicity and gender. Higher incidence is recorded in Asian individuals, especially Japanese. Embryonic breast development of the mammary ridge (milk line) is explained and supernumerary breast tissue resulting from involution failure of any portion of the embryonic mammary folds is described.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

We report a case of supernumerary breast (pseudomamma) in a female occupying her right inguinal region that was treated in the breast unit of our hospital. Differential diagnosis, imaging methods, operative approach, surgical treatment and histological verification are specified.

DISCUSSION

Classification system for supernumerary breast tissue is presented, high risk population is identified and congenital malformations linked to it are outlined. Evaluation of diagnostic workup and limitations are stated. Cancerous degeneration and justification for surgical removal of the accessory gland is discussed.

CONCLUSION

Differential diagnosis of lesions along the milk line should always be inclusive of developmental abnormalities such as any type of supernumerary breast, often overlooked due to small size, although carrying a malignant potential equal to normally positioned breasts. Surgical correction is a sensible approach, often encouraged by the patients. Additional evaluation is recommended due to the frequent accompanying urinary tract and cardiac anomalies.

Treatment of a supernumerary large breast with medial pedicle reduction mammaplasty

Accessory breast tissues including nipples, areolas, and glandular tissue may develop on the chest in addition to two normal breasts. An accessory breast with a complete ductal system, areola, and nipple is termed a "supernumerary breast." Supernumerary nipples are fairly common, but complete supernumerary breasts are rare. This report describes an 18-year-old woman who presented with a complete supernumerary breast including a nipple-areola complex located on the upper outer quadrant of her left breast and causing severe breast asymmetry. She was referred to the authors for aesthetic reasons. Unilateral reduction mammaplasty was performed to remove the supernumerary breast and correct the breast asymmetry. The medial pedicle Wise technique was used for en bloc resection of the ectopic breast, including the nipple-areola complex together with the upper outer breast quadrant. The woman's postoperative course was uneventful. At 8 months after surgery, she was very satisfied with the results. Ectopic breast tissue can be treated by a variety of methods such as liposuction or excision. However, breast deformation because of a complete supernumerary breast is very rare, and research on the treatment of such patients is lacking. No reports describing surgical treatment for this condition were identified in the literature. The authors suggest that unilateral breast reduction is the most appropriate treatment, allowing excision of the accessory tissues, with the best possible cosmetic outcome.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V

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Accessory Breasts: A Historical and Current Perspective

The presence of accessory breast tissue such as extra nipples (polythelia) and extra breast (polymastia) is relatively common, with a high incidence of being misdiagnosed in clinical medicine. Although polythelia is congenital in origin and is identifiable at childhood, polymastia may not be evident until the influence of sex hormones during puberty. In this article, we present a review of the literature concerning the historical background of accessory breasts, their incidence, their misdiagnoses, and their association with other syndromes and diseases. Finally, we present the common treatment options available today for such conditions.