A case of granuloma pyogenicum presenting as an intravascular mass: evaluation by ultrasonography

Unraveling Intravascular Lobular Capillary Hemangioma: A Comprehensive Scoping Review

This scoping review focuses on intravascular lobular capillary hemangioma (ILCH), a rare and distinct subset of lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH). This study provides a comprehensive overview of ILCH, delving into its clinical characteristics, origins, pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, treatment options, and outcomes. Despite its rarity, ILCH presents unique diagnostic and management challenges due to its intravascular origin. The review emphasizes the importance of accurate differentiation from other vascular lesions and underscores the need for histopathological confirmation. This article discusses the presentation of ILCH in the reported literature. The pathogenesis remains uncertain, with factors such as trauma, inflammation, hormonal changes, and medications being considered potential contributors. Histopathological features, imaging techniques, and diagnostic tools are discussed, highlighting the distinct histological architecture of ILCHs and the importance of immunohistochemical staining for accurate diagnosis. Surgical excision is the primary approach for managing ILCH due to its potential complications, including superior vena cava (SVC) occlusion and thrombosis. This review concludes by outlining potential directions for future research, including investigating genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying ILCH development, developing targeted therapies, building patient registries for collaborative efforts, and exploring minimally invasive surgical techniques. The importance of long-term patient outcome studies and international collaborations is emphasized to enhance our understanding of this rare vascular anomaly.

Ultrasonographic features of an intravascular lobular capillary hemangioma originating in the basilic vein: Case report and literature review

Intravascular lobular capillary hemangioma (ILCH) is a rare variant of pyogenic granuloma, which develops within the lumen of a blood vessel. Here, we report the case of a 38-year-old male presenting with a mobile, incompressible, nonpulsatile nodule in the superficial fascia of the forearm. A first ultrasonographic examination diagnosed the mass as intravascular thrombosis with partial recanalization. Three months later, a second ultrasonographic examination concluded to the existence of an intravascular tumor, which finally turned out at pathological examination to be ILCH. Here, we report the ultrasonographic features of ILCH and the differential diagnosis between ILCH and other intravascular masses like thrombus.

Intravenous lobular capillary haemangioma (pyogenic granuloma): A case report and a review of imaging findings as reported in the literature

INTRODUCTION

Intravenous lobular capillary haemangioma (IVLCH) is a rare benign lesion with minimal published reports containing a description of its appearance at medical imaging. We present the ultrasound and MRI images of a histologically proven IVLCH and provide the first review of the imaging findings reported in the literature.

METHODS

The imaging findings of a case of IVLCH are presented. A PubMed search of English language articles was performed from 1966 to October 2016, and all relevant papers were reviewed. Imaging findings from those papers are summarised.

RESULTS

Key features on ultrasound are of a well-defined, usually hypoechoic, mass which is highly vascular. The host vein is usually apparent. MRI imaging usually shows T1 signal isointense to muscle and variable T2 signal, either isointense or of high signal relative to the vein. The lesions enhance with gadolinium.

CONCLUSION

Intravenous lobular capillary haemangioma has distinctive ultrasound but less consistent MRI features although radiological diagnosis should usually be possible. Review of reported cases shows that a previously described gender bias is incorrect.

Imaging of intravenous lobular capillary hemangioma of azygos vein

Intraluminal masses of the azygos vein are of rare occurrence. The differential diagnosis includes bland thrombus, tumor thrombus, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and leiomyosarcoma. To this list, the authors add an uncommon case of intravenous lobular capillary hemangioma, also known as intravenous pyogenic granuloma, of the azygos vein, inducing a recurrent large right pleural effusion. CT, MR, and PET/CT features of this lesion are presented.