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Sultan MAS, Khorram-Manesh A, Carlström E, Berlin J, Sørensen JL. Impact of Virtual Disaster Collaboration Exercises on Disaster Leadership at Hospitals in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK SCIENCE 2021; 12:879-889. [PMCID: PMC8561352 DOI: 10.1007/s13753-021-00376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
This study measured the impact of virtual three-level collaboration (3LC) exercises on participants’ perceived levels of collaboration, learning, and utility (CLU) at hospitals in the southern region of Saudi Arabia. Our 3LC exercise is a tabletop training tool used to facilitate disaster education and document CLU. This model enables the practitioner to acquire new knowledge and promotes active learning. An English version of the CLU scale, the validated Swedish survey tool, was applied to 100 healthcare managers or leaders in various positions at both the operational and tactical levels after conducting the 3LC exercises. The response rate was 100%, although not all questions were answered in some cases. The results show that most participants strongly agreed that the exercises focused on collaboration (r 2 = 0.767) and that they had acquired new knowledge during the exercises. There was a statistically significant association between participation in the collaboration exercises and perceived learning (r 2 = 0.793), as well as between perceived learning and utility (r 2 = 0.811). The collaboration exercises enhance the perceived effects of CLU. They also improve the ability of participants to adapt situational strategies to achieve a safer society. Although exercises were conducted virtually, they were well received by the participants and achieved a value M = 4.4 CLU score, which opens up new dimensions in collaboration simulation exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Salem Sultan
- Healthcare Transformation, Model of Care, Regional Health Directorate, Najran, 66255 Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amir Khorram-Manesh
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Research and Development, Swedish Armed Forces Centre for Defence Medicine, 426 76 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Emergency Medicine Research Group (GEMREG), Sahlgrenska Academy, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eric Carlström
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Emergency Medicine Research Group (GEMREG), Sahlgrenska Academy, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- USN School of Business, Campus Vestfold, University of South-Eastern Norway, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Johan Berlin
- Department of Social and Behavioural Studies, University West, 461 86 Trolhättan, Sweden
| | - Jarle Løwe Sørensen
- USN School of Business, Campus Vestfold, University of South-Eastern Norway, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway
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Roud E, Gausdal AH, Asgary A, Carlström E. Outcome of collaborative emergency exercises: Differences between full‐scale and tabletop exercises. JOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Haugen Gausdal
- Department of Leadership and Organisation Kristiania University College Oslo Norway
- Department of Engineering Science and Safety UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Ali Asgary
- Disaster and Emergency Management & Advanced Disaster Emergency and Rapid‐response Simulation (ADERSIM) School of Administrative Studies, Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies York University Toronto ON Canada
| | - Eric Carlström
- Department of Business, History and Social Sciences University of South‐Eastern Norway Borre Norway
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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“Share Your Tools”—A Utility Study of a Norwegian Wildland-Fire Collaboration Exercise. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12166512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on the assumption that crisis collaboration exercises lead to better team-integration and more efficient problem solving, the aim of this study is to test whether there is a relationship between exercise participation and perceived levels of learning and utility. Online survey data was collected from participants in a 2018 two-day, full-scale, wildland-fire collaboration exercise in southeastern Norway. The instrument of choice was the collaboration, learning, and utility (CLU) scale. Findings indicate a strong covariation between participation in Norwegian wildland-fire collaboration exercises and the perceived level of learning, with a medium to small covariation between perceived learning and utility. The results indicate the importance of giving clear instructions, focus on collaboration, and sufficient forms of discussion during and after the exercise in order to gain learning. However, learning had a limited impact on utility. The study indicates joint evaluations, improvising, and testing of new and alternative strategies across sectors are important when exercises are constructed. The data was retrieved from a questionnaire, observations and interviews can add more and comprehensive insight into the studied phenomenon.
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Stjerna Doohan I, Aléx J. Ambulance and police students' experiences of being first on site after a fatal traffic crash - A qualitative study. Int Emerg Nurs 2020; 51:100849. [PMID: 32241723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2020.100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Aléx
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Kalkman JP, Kerstholt JH, Roelofs M. Crisis response team decision-making as a bureau-political process. JOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jori Pascal Kalkman
- Department of Management, Organization and Defence Economics; Netherlands Defence Academy (NLDA); Breda The Netherlands
- Department of Organization Sciences; VU University (VU); Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Defence, Safety and Security; TNO; Soesterberg The Netherlands
| | | | - Maaike Roelofs
- Defence, Safety and Security; TNO; Soesterberg The Netherlands
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Metallinou MM. Single- and double-loop organizational learning through a series of pipeline emergency exercises. JOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Davis H. Organisational challenges in the United Kingdom's post-disaster 'crisis support' work. DISASTERS 2017; 41:55-76. [PMID: 26989002 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Local authorities in the United Kingdom are required to 'lead' multi-agency humanitarian responses to major disasters. Concerns mounted in the late twentieth century that responses to people bereaved in the immediate aftermath of such events at best failed to meet their needs and at worst compounded their distress. Subsequent reviews and reforms reframed some victim needs as 'rights' and established legal, administrative, and practice frameworks to improve matters. Local authority 'crisis support', provided in partnership with other actors, lies at the heart of the UK's contemporary emergency response to the bereaved. Drawing on primary research on the development and the deployment of crisis support in a local authority, and while acknowledging both incident- and context-related difficulties, this paper considers the significance of challenges with their origins in organisational factors. Recent developments within and between responders may exacerbate them. This paper argues, therefore, that further research into such developments is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Davis
- Senior Lecturer in Criminology and Criminal Justice, Edge Hill University, United Kingdom
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Deng F, Lv JH, Wang HL, Gao JM, Zhou ZL. Expanding public health in China: an empirical analysis of healthcare inputs and outputs. Public Health 2016; 142:73-84. [PMID: 28057203 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Chinese Government claims that China's health policy is primarily focused on prevention. However, this does not appear to be the case. Researchers with an interest in China's health policy may be aware that the Chinese Government launched a health reform in 2009 to improve the health status of the entire population by 2020.1 This health reform has been in place for 7 years, and only 4 years now remain to achieve the overall objectives by 2020. This study analyzed the main inputs and outputs of China's health reform in order to identify the main problems and highlight the major challenges. It is hoped that this study will provide some reference for health reform in China and other developing countries. STUDY DESIGN This study focused on health, with human resources and healthcare costs as the main input indicators, and 2-week prevalence of illness and prevalence of non-communicable diseases as the main output indicators. By longitudinal comparison of real data from 2009 to 2014, the effects of China's health reform were analyzed to identify the main challenges, enabling suggestions to be made for future reference. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of empirical data. Data were collected between 2009 and 2014 as follows: (1) data on the distribution of healthcare professionals were collected from the Statistical Bulletin of China's Health Development, issued by the National Health and Family Planning Commission every year between 2009 and 2014; (2) data on government health expenditure were obtained from the Annual National Public Fiscal Expenditure Data, released by the Financial Ministry of the People's Republic of China from 2009 to 2014; (3) data on the prevalence of chronic diseases, 2-week prevalence of illness, residents' medical service demands, and utilization of health services were obtained from the Fourth and Fifth National Health Care Surveys in 2008 and 2013; and (4) data on total healthcare expenditure, medical expenditure and out-of-pocket payments were obtained from the 2015 China Statistical Yearbook. RESULTS From 2009 to 2014, China's healthcare human resources were distributed primarily in hospitals that focus on providing treatment. By 2014, 62.5% of the health professionals and technical personnel were distributed in hospitals. From 2009, the Chinese Government spent more money on health care than previously, with approximately 67% spent on disease treatment and 14.19% spent on disease prevention. However, the 2-week prevalence of illness increased by 5.2 percentage points, and the prevalence of chronic diseases increased by 9 percentage points. Meanwhile, residents' out-of-pocket payments for health care were as high as 50.61% of the total healthcare expenditure and were particularly high in rural areas. CONCLUSION China should adjust the direction of its health reform as soon as possible to focus on improving health status rather than treatment of disease. In the future, as China's population ageing trend intensifies, China must take effective measures or the country's non-communicable disease rates will continue to increase. To meet this challenge, China's health reform should take effective measures to control the rising trend of the incidence of non-communicable diseases. First, China should focus on the core goal of its health reform policy, which is disease prevention. Second, China should focus on strengthening public health systems to effectively prevent and control key epidemic diseases. Third, China should increase the number of public health personnel, improve the level of education and training of public health personnel and increase the input of funds into the field of public health as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Deng
- Xi'an Jiao Tong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Baoji Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Baoji, China
| | - J H Lv
- Central Hospital of Baoji City, Baoji, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - H L Wang
- Baoji Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Baoji, China
| | - J M Gao
- Xi'an Jiao Tong University, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an, China.
| | - Z L Zhou
- Xi'an Jiao Tong University, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an, China
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Little RG, Manzanares T, Wallace WA. Factors Influencing the Selection of Decision Support Systems for Emergency Management: An Empirical Analysis of Current Use and User Preferences. JOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard G. Little
- Industrial and Systems Engineering Department; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; 110 8th St. Troy New York 12180 USA
| | - Trevor Manzanares
- Policy and Decision Analytics; Sandia National Laboratories; PO Box 5800 Albuquerque New Mexico 87185 USA
| | - William A. Wallace
- Industrial and Systems Engineering Department; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; 110 8th St. Troy New York 12180 USA
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STREET: Swedish Tool for Risk/Resource Estimation at EvenTs. Part one, risk assessment – face validity and inter–rater reliability. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-6189(14)60080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
AbstractIntroductionIt is not known what constitutes the optimal emergency management system, nor is there a consensus on how effectiveness and efficiency in emergency response should be measured or evaluated. Literature on the role and tasks of commanders in the prehospital emergency services in the setting of mass-casualty incidents has not been summarized and published.ProblemThis comprehensive literature review addresses some of the needs for future research in emergency management through three research questions: (1) What are the basic assumptions underlying incident command systems (ICSs)? (2) What are the tasks of ambulance and medical commanders in the field? And (3) How can field commanders’ performances be measured and assessed?MethodsA systematic literature search in MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, International Security & Counter Terrorism Reference Center, Current Controlled Trials, and PROSPERO covering January 1, 1990 through March 1, 2014 was conducted. Reference lists of included literature were hand searched. Included papers were analyzed using Framework synthesis.ResultsThe literature search identified 6,049 unique records, of which, 76 articles and books where included in qualitative synthesis. Most ICSs are described commonly as hierarchical, bureaucratic, and based on military principles. These assumptions are contested strongly, as is the applicability of such systems. Linking of the chains of command in cooperating agencies is a basic difficulty. Incident command systems are flexible in the sense that the organization may be expanded as needed. Commanders may command by direction, by planning, or by influence. Commanders’ tasks may be summarized as: conducting scene assessment, developing an action plan, distributing resources, monitoring operations, and making decisions. There is considerable variation between authors in nomenclature and what tasks are included or highlighted. There are no widely acknowledged measurement tools of commanders’ performances, though several performance indicators have been suggested.ConclusionThe competence and experience of the commanders, upon which an efficient ICS has to rely, cannot be compensated significantly by plans and procedures, or even by guidance from superior organizational elements such as coordination centers. This study finds that neither a certain system or structure, or a specific set of plans, are better than others, nor can it conclude what system prerequisites are necessary or sufficient for efficient incident management. Commanders need to be sure about their authority, responsibility, and the functional demands posed upon them.RimstadR, BrautGS. Literature review on medical incident command. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(2):1-11.
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Berlin JM, Carlström ED. The Three-Level Collaboration Exercise - Impact of Learning and Usefulness. JOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan M. Berlin
- Department of Social and Behavioural Studies; University West; SE-461 86 Trollhättan Sweden
| | - Eric D. Carlström
- University of Gothenburg; The Sahlgrenska Academy; Institute of Health and Care Sciences; PO Box 457, SE-405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
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Berlin JM, Carlström ED. Collaboration Exercises: What Do They Contribute? JOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan M. Berlin
- University West; Department of Social and Behavioral Studies; SE-461 86 Trollhättan Sweden
| | - Eric D. Carlström
- University of Gothenburg; The Sahlgrenska Academy Institute of Health and Care Sciences; PO Box 457, SE-405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
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Amo-Adjei J, Kumi-Kyereme A, Fosuah Amo H, Awusabo-Asare K. The politics of tuberculosis and HIV service integration in Ghana. Soc Sci Med 2014; 117:42-9. [PMID: 25042543 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The need to integrate TB/HIV control programmes has become critical due to the comorbidity regarding these diseases and the need to optimise the use of resources. In developing countries such as Ghana, where public health interventions depend on donor funds, the integration of the two programmes has become more urgent. This paper explores stakeholders' views on the integration of TB/HIV control programmes in Ghana within the remits of contingency theory. With 31 purposively selected informants from four regions, semi-structured interviews and observations were conducted between March and May 2012, and the data collected were analysed using the inductive approach. The results showed both support for and opposition to integration, as well as some of the avoidable challenges inherent in combining TB/HIV control. While those who supported integration based their arguments on clinical synergies and the need to promote the efficient use of resources, those who opposed integration cited the potential increase in workload, the clinical complications associated with joint management, the potential for a leadership crisis, and the "smaller the better" propositions to support their stance. Although a policy on TB/HIV integration exists, inadequate 'political will' from the top management of both programmes has trickled down to lower levels, which has stifled progress towards the comprehensive management of TB/HIV and particularly leading to weak data collection and management structures and unsatisfactory administration of co-trimoxazole for co-infected patients. It is our view that the leadership of both programmes show an increased commitment to protocols involving the integration of TB/HIV, followed by a commitment to addressing the 'fears' of frontline service providers to encourage confidence in the process of service integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Amo-Adjei
- Department of Population and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Akwasi Kumi-Kyereme
- Department of Population and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Hannah Fosuah Amo
- Department of Business Administration, Valley View University, Oyibi, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kofi Awusabo-Asare
- Department of Population and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Brattberg E. Coordinating for Contingencies: Taking Stock of Post-9/11 Homeland Security Reforms. JOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-5973.2012.00662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ödlund A. Pulling the Same Way? A Multi-Perspectivist Study of Crisis Cooperation in Government. JOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-5973.2010.00605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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