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Tang T, Liu X, Yuan Y, Zhang T, Kiya R, Yang Y, Yamazaki Y, Kamikubo H, Tanaka Y, Li M, Hosokawa Y, Yalikun Y. Parallel Impedance Cytometry for Real-Time Screening of Bacterial Single Cells from Nano- to Microscale. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3700-3709. [PMID: 36203240 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of impedance cytometry include high-throughput and label-free detection, while long-term calibration is required to remove the effects of the detection circuits. This study presents a novel impedance cytometry system, called parallel impedance cytometry, to simplify the calibration and analysis of the impedance signals. Furthermore, target objects can be detected even when benchmarked against similar objects. Parallel dual microchannels allow the simultaneous detection of reference and target particles in two separate microchannels, without the premixing of reference and target suspensions. The impedance pulses of both can appear separately on the opposite sides of the same time series, which have been verified via simulation and experimental results. Raw impedance signals can easily distinguish target particles from reference ones. Polystyrene beads with different sizes ranging from nano- to microscale (e.g., 500, 750 nm, 1, 2, 3, and 4.5 μm) confirm the nanosensitivity of the system. In addition, the detection of antibiotic-treated Escherichia coli cells demonstrates that our system can be used for the quantitative assessment of the dielectric properties of individual cells, as well as for the proportion of susceptible cells. Through benchmarking against untreated E. coli cells in the other channel, our method enables the discrimination of susceptible cells from others and the comparison of susceptible and insusceptible cells in the target suspension. Those findings indicate that the parallel impedance cytometry can greatly facilitate the measurement and calibration of the impedances of various particles or cells and provide a means to compare their dielectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Xun Liu
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yapeng Yuan
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tianlong Zhang
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.,School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Ryota Kiya
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, P. R. China
| | - Yoichi Yamazaki
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hironari Kamikubo
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.,Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Ono Y, Maejima Y, Saito M, Sakamoto K, Horita S, Shimomura K, Inoue S, Kotani J. TAK-242, a specific inhibitor of Toll-like receptor 4 signalling, prevents endotoxemia-induced skeletal muscle wasting in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:694. [PMID: 31959927 PMCID: PMC6970997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations are often elevated in patients with sepsis or various endogenous diseases related to bacterial translocation from the gut. Systemic inflammatory responses induced by endotoxemia induce severe involuntary loss of skeletal muscle, termed muscle wasting, which adversely affects the survival and functional outcomes of these patients. Currently, no drugs are available for the treatment of endotoxemia-induced skeletal muscle wasting. Here, we tested the effects of TAK-242, a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-specific signalling inhibitor, on myotube atrophy in vitro and muscle wasting in vivo induced by endotoxin. LPS treatment of murine C2C12 myotubes induced an inflammatory response (increased nuclear factor-κB activity and interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α expression) and activated the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy proteolytic pathways (increased atrogin-1/MAFbx, MuRF1, and LC-II expression), resulting in myotube atrophy. In mice, LPS injection increased the same inflammatory and proteolytic pathways in skeletal muscle and induced atrophy, resulting in reduced grip strength. Notably, pretreatment of cells or mice with TAK-242 reduced or reversed all the detrimental effects of LPS in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results indicate that pharmacological inhibition of TLR4 signalling may be a novel therapeutic intervention for endotoxemia-induced muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ono
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan. .,Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Yuko Maejima
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masafumi Saito
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kazuho Sakamoto
- Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Horita
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenju Shimomura
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Inoue
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Joji Kotani
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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Ono Y, Sakamoto K. Lipopolysaccharide inhibits myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts through the Toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and myoblast-derived tumor necrosis factor-α. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182040. [PMID: 28742154 PMCID: PMC5524356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations are often elevated in patients with sepsis or with various endogenous diseases that are associated with metabolic endotoxemia. Involuntary loss of skeletal muscle, termed muscle wasting, is commonly observed in these conditions, suggesting that circulating LPS might play an essential role in its development. Although impairment of muscle regeneration is an important determinant of skeletal muscle wasting, it is unclear whether LPS affects this process and, if so, by what mechanism. Here, we used the C2C12 myoblast cell line to investigate the effects of LPS on myogenesis. Methods C2C12 myoblasts were grown to 80% confluence and induced to differentiate in the absence or presence of LPS (0.1 or 1 μg/mL); TAK-242 (1 μM), a specific inhibitor of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling; and a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α neutralizing antibody (5 μg/mL). Expression of a skeletal muscle differentiation marker (myosin heavy chain II), two essential myogenic regulatory factors (myogenin and MyoD), and a muscle negative regulatory factor (myostatin) was analyzed by western blotting. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) DNA-binding activity was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results LPS dose-dependently and significantly decreased the formation of multinucleated myotubes and the expression of myosin heavy chain II, myogenin, and MyoD, and increased NF-κB DNA-binding activity and myostatin expression. The inhibitory effect of LPS on myogenic differentiation was reversible, suggesting that it was not caused by nonspecific toxicity. Both TAK-242 and anti-TNF-α reduced the LPS-induced increase in NF-κB DNA-binding activity, downregulation of myogenic regulatory factors, and upregulation of myostatin, thereby partially rescuing the impairment of myogenesis. Conclusions Our data suggest that LPS inhibits myogenic differentiation via a TLR4–NF-κB-dependent pathway and an autocrine/paracrine TNF-α-induced pathway. These pathways may be involved in the development of muscle wasting caused by sepsis or metabolic endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ono
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuho Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Sub-Inhibitory Concentration of Piperacillin-Tazobactam May be Related to Virulence Properties of Filamentous Escherichia coli. Curr Microbiol 2015; 72:19-28. [PMID: 26364189 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics are always generated as a consequence of antimicrobial therapy and the effects of such residual products in bacterial morphology are well documented, especially the filamentation generated by beta-lactams. The aim of this study was to investigate some morphological and pathological aspects (virulence factors) of Escherichia coli cultivated under half-minimum inhibitory concentration (1.0 µg/mL) of piperacillin-tazobactam (PTZ sub-MIC). PTZ sub-MIC promoted noticeable changes in the bacterial cells which reach the peak of morphological alterations (filamentation) and complexity at 16 h of antimicrobial exposure. Thereafter the filamentous cells and a control one, not treated with PTZ, were comparatively tested for growth curve; biochemical profile; oxidative stress tolerance; biofilm production and cell hydrophobicity; motility and pathogenicity in vivo. PTZ sub-MIC attenuated the E. coli growth rate, but without changes in carbohydrate fermentation or in traditional biochemical tests. Overall, the treatment of E. coli with sub-MIC of PTZ generated filamentous forms which were accompanied by the inhibition of virulence factors such as the oxidative stress response, biofilm formation, cell surface hydrophobicity, and motility. These results are consistent with the reduced pathogenicity observed for the filamentous E. coli in the murine model of intra-abdominal infection. In other words, the treatment of E. coli with sub-MIC of PTZ suggests a decrease in their virulence.
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Buijs J, Dofferhoff ASM, Mouton JW, Wagenvoort JHT, van der Meer JWM. Concentration-dependency of beta-lactam-induced filament formation in Gram-negative bacteria. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:344-9. [PMID: 18261128 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01940.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ceftazidime and cefotaxime are beta-lactam antibiotics with dose-related affinities for penicillin-binding protein (PBP)-3 and PBP-1. At low concentrations, these antibiotics inhibit PBP-3, leading to filament formation. Filaments are long strands of non-dividing bacteria that contain enhanced quantities of endotoxin molecules. Higher concentrations of ceftazidime or cefotaxime cause inhibition of PBP-1, resulting in rapid bacterial lysis, which is associated with low endotoxin release. In the present study, 37 isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. were studied over a 4-h incubation period in the presence of eight concentrations of ceftazidime or cefotaxime. As resistance of Gram-negative bacteria is an emerging problem in clinical practice, 14 isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae that produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were also investigated. Morphological changes after exposure to the beta-lactam antibiotics revealed recognisable patterns in various bacterial families, genera and isolates. In general, all isolates of Enterobacteriaceae produced filaments within a relatively small concentration range, with similar patterns for E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter spp. produced filaments in the presence of clinically-relevant concentrations of both antibiotics as high as 50 mg/L. In all genera, filament-producing capacity was clearly related to the MIC. Ceftazidime induced filament production in more isolates and over wider concentration ranges than did cefotaxime. Interestingly, ESBL-producing isolates were not protected against filament induction. The induction of filament production may lead to additional risks during empirical treatment of severe infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Buijs
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Atrium Medical Centre, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
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Subramanian K, Selvakkumar C, Meenakshisundaram S, Balakrishnan A, Lakshmi BS. Extract of Alpinia officinarum Suppresses Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Induced Inflammation in J774 A.1 Macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.54.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Buijs J, Dofferhoff ASM, Mouton JW, van der Meer JWM. Continuous administration of PBP-2- and PBP-3-specific β-lactams causes higher cytokine responses in murine Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli sepsis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59:926-33. [PMID: 17395686 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkm073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Initial antibiotic treatment of severe infections can lead to clinical deterioration due to sudden endotoxin release and concomitant exaggerated inflammatory response. Antibiotic-induced morphological changes may contribute to this phenomenon. High-dose ceftazidime, which inhibits penicillin-binding protein (PBP)-1 in Gram-negative bacteria, causes quick bacteriolysis and low endotoxin release. Low-dose ceftazidime leads to PBP-3 inhibition, which causes bacterial filament formation, associated with high endotoxin releases. PBP-2-specific antibiotics induce spheroplasts, again associated with low endotoxin release. We hypothesized that antibiotic type, concentration and regimen influence bacterial morphology, endotoxin levels and inflammatory response. METHODS Neutropenic mice with Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis were treated with ceftazidime or meropenem 10-320 mg/kg as an intravenous bolus or as continuous tail vein infusions of 0.1 mL/h. Four hours later, bacterial counts, morphology, plasma endotoxin, pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and antibiotic concentrations were measured. RESULTS Continuous infusion of 80 mg/kg ceftazidime was the lowest dose preventing filaments in E. coli infections. Bolus treatment resulted in filament formation, irrespective of the dose. During continuous treatment, IL-6 and TNF-alpha concentrations were higher compared with bolus treatment and controls for both antibiotics and both strains. A clear relationship between cfu counts in muscle and circulating IL-6 was shown (r=- 0.579, P=0.007), suggesting that plasma IL-6 is a valuable indicator of bacterial killing at the infection site. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that not PBP affinity but the method of antibiotic administration is crucial during initial treatment of severe infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Buijs
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. /
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