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Scurrah KJ, Lamantia A, Ellis JA, Harrap SB. Familial Analysis of Epistatic and Sex-Dependent Association of Genes of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Blood Pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:CIRCGENETICS.116.001595. [PMID: 28506960 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes have been inconsistently associated with blood pressure, possibly because of unrecognized influences of sex-dependent genetic effects or gene-gene interactions (epistasis). METHODS AND RESULTS We tested association of systolic blood pressure with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at renin (REN), angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1), and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2), including sex-SNP or SNP-SNP interactions. Eighty-eight tagSNPs were tested in 2872 white individuals in 809 pedigrees from the Victorian Family Heart Study using variance components models. Three SNPs (rs8075924 and rs4277404 at ACE and rs12721297 at AGTR1) were individually associated with lower systolic blood pressure with significant (P<0.00076) effect sizes ≈1.7 to 2.5 mm Hg. Sex-specific associations were seen for 3 SNPs in men (rs2468523 and rs2478544 at AGT and rs11658531 at ACE) and 1 SNP in women (rs12451328 at ACE). SNP-SNP interaction was suggested (P<0.005) for 14 SNP pairs, none of which had shown individual association with systolic blood pressure. Four SNP pairs were at the same gene (2 for REN, 1 for AGT, and 1 for AGTR1). The SNP rs3097 at CYP11B2 was represented in 5 separate pairs. CONCLUSIONS SNPs at key renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes associate with systolic blood pressure individually in both sexes, individually in one sex only and only when combined with another SNP. Analyses that incorporate sex-dependent and epistatic effects could reconcile past inconsistencies and account for some of the missing heritability of blood pressure and are generally relevant to SNP association studies for any phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina J Scurrah
- From the Department of Physiology (K.J.S., A.L., S.B.H.), Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (K.J.S.), and Department of Paediatrics (J.A.E.), The University of Melbourne, Australia; Genes, Environment & Complex Disease Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.); and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.)
| | - Angela Lamantia
- From the Department of Physiology (K.J.S., A.L., S.B.H.), Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (K.J.S.), and Department of Paediatrics (J.A.E.), The University of Melbourne, Australia; Genes, Environment & Complex Disease Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.); and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.)
| | - Justine A Ellis
- From the Department of Physiology (K.J.S., A.L., S.B.H.), Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (K.J.S.), and Department of Paediatrics (J.A.E.), The University of Melbourne, Australia; Genes, Environment & Complex Disease Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.); and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.)
| | - Stephen B Harrap
- From the Department of Physiology (K.J.S., A.L., S.B.H.), Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health (K.J.S.), and Department of Paediatrics (J.A.E.), The University of Melbourne, Australia; Genes, Environment & Complex Disease Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.); and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia (J.A.E.).
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Sudhesan A, Rajappa M, Chandrashekar L, Ananthanarayanan P, Thappa D, Satheesh S, Chandrasekaran A. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene polymorphisms (rs699947, rs833061, and rs2010963) and psoriatic risk in South Indian Tamils. Hum Immunol 2017; 78:657-663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Indhumathi S, Rajappa M, Chandrashekar L, Ananthanarayanan PH, Thappa DM, Negi VS. T helper-2 cytokine/regulatory T-cell gene polymorphisms and their relation with risk of psoriasis in a South Indian Tamil cohort. Hum Immunol 2016; 78:209-215. [PMID: 28027921 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is known to be associated with an up-regulation of T-helper (Th)-1 & Th-17 cytokines and a relative down-regulation of Th-2 and T-regulatory (T-reg) cytokines. Certain allelic variants of these cytokine genes may alter Th1/Th17 and Th2/T-reg balance and may be associated with the risk of psoriasis. Hence we aimed to determine the association of IL-4 (rs2243250), IL-10 (rs1800871 and rs1800896) and FOXP3 (rs3761548) gene polymorphisms with risk of psoriasis in South Indian Tamils. METHODS A total of 360 cases of psoriasis and 360 healthy controls were recruited. The polymorphism in IL-4 (rs2243250) & IL-10 (rs1800871) were typed by ARMS-PCR and IL-10 (rs1800896) & FOXP3 (rs3761548) were typed by TaqMan 5'allele discrimination assay. RESULTS We observed that IL-4 (rs2243250) had a reduced risk of psoriasis, while the IL-10 (rs1800871) conferred an increased susceptibility to psoriasis, as compared with controls. However, IL-10 (rs1800896) and FOXP3 (rs3761548) gene polymorphisms were not associated with psoriasis risk. The plasma IL-4 levels was not different between the cases and controls, however the heterozygous CT genotype demonstrated significant high IL-4 levels. Plasma IL-10 levels were significantly increased in cases compared to controls, however none of the genotypes were associated with the plasma IL-10 levels. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that IL-4 (rs2243250) polymorphism is protective against psoriasis, while IL-10 (rs1800871) polymorphism confers increased risk of psoriasis in South Indian Tamils. Detection of these genetic variants as predictive risk factors may lead to the selection of patient-tailored therapy to maximize the effectiveness of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundar Indhumathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Medha Rajappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
| | - Laxmisha Chandrashekar
- Department of Dermatology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Devinder Mohan Thappa
- Department of Dermatology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Vir Singh Negi
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Kodidela S, Pradhan SC, Dubashi B, Basu D. Influence of dihydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms rs408626 (-317A>G) and rs442767 (-680C>A) on the outcome of methotrexate-based maintenance therapy in South Indian patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 71:1349-58. [PMID: 26335211 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-015-1930-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The most common cause of treatment failure in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the relapse. Genetic polymorphisms of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme affect the response to methotrexate (MTX) treatment. Inter-individual variability exists in the distribution of DHFR variants, and they influence MTX treatment outcome. To the best of our knowledge, there are no genetic studies reported from India, which have explored the influence of DHFR variants on the outcome of MTX treatment. Therefore, we aim to study the influence of DHFR rs408626 (-317A>G) and rs442767 (-680C>A) variants on ALL outcome in South Indian patients. METHODS A total of 70 ALL patients who were on MTX-based maintenance therapy were recruited for the study. DNA was extracted from leukocytes, and genotyping was done by real-time PCR. RESULTS The DHFR-317GG genotype was associated with the increased risk of relapse in patients with ALL (relative risk 2.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38 to 3.6, p = 0.02). DHFR-317AA and -680CA genotypes were found to be associated with severe leucopenia (p < 0.05). In Cox regression model, -317GG genotype was found to have lower relapse-free survival (hazard ratio (HR) 2.56, 95% CI 1.06 to 6.19, p = 0.03) and overall survival (HR 3.72, 95% CI 1.44 to 9.65, p = 0.007). Similarly, patients with white blood cell (WBC) count >50,000 cells/mm(3) were also found to have lower relapse-free survival (HR 2.20, 95% CI 1.10 to 4.79, p = 0.04) and overall survival (HR 3.30, 95% CI 1.45 to 7.53, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION The GG genotype of DHFR-317A>G variant is associated with increased risk of ALL relapse and lower overall survival in South Indian population. Both variants of DHFR (-317 AA and -680 CA) are found to be associated with severe leucopenia caused by MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Kodidela
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Gorimedu, Puducherry, India.
| | - Suresh Chandra Pradhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Gorimedu, Puducherry, India
| | - Biswajit Dubashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Gorimedu, Puducherry, India
| | - Debdatta Basu
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Gorimedu, Puducherry, India
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Panneer D, Antony PT, Negi VS. Q222R polymorphism in DNAse I gene is a risk factor for nephritis in South Indian SLE patients. Lupus 2014; 22:996-1000. [PMID: 23963431 DOI: 10.1177/0961203313498801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem disorder in which defective apoptotic clearance is considered to be an important factor in pathogenesis. DNAse I is associated with disposal of apoptotic nuclear debris. The defective enzyme production due to +2373 A to G (Q222R) in exon 8 is reported to be a genetic risk factor for SLE. SLE in Indians is reported to be severe. There are no genetic studies reported from India which have explored this aspect of DNAseI gene. This study aimed to analyze whether Q222R is a susceptibility factor for SLE and to study its influence on clinical manifestations and autoantibody production in South Indian Tamils. METHOD Three hundred SLE cases (based on ACR 1982 criteria) and 530 age, sex similar and ethnicity matched controls were recruited. All the cases and controls were genotyped for DNAse I Q222R polymorphism using PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS DNAse I Q222R polymorphism is prevalent in our population. We observed higher frequency of Q/R in patients compared with controls (60% vs. 53%). This was found to be a genetic risk for SLE susceptibility (p = 0.04, odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1-2.1). It also conferred a significant risk for development of nephritis (p = 0.007, odds ratio 1.93, 95% confidence interval 1.2-3.2). CONCLUSION DNAse I Q222R polymorphism is a potential genetic risk factor for SLE in South Indian Tamils. In addition, the mutant allele confers a significant risk for lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Panneer
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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