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Parasitic nematodes of the genus Syphacia Seurat, 1916 infecting Muridae in the British Isles, and the peculiar case of Syphacia frederici. Parasitology 2017; 145:269-280. [PMID: 28831960 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017001470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Syphacia stroma (von Linstow, 1884) Morgan, 1932 and Syphacia frederici Roman, 1945 are oxyurid nematodes that parasitize two murid rodents, Apodemus sylvaticus and Apodemus flavicollis, on the European mainland. Only S. stroma has been recorded previously in Apodemus spp. from the British Isles. Despite the paucity of earlier reports, we identified S. frederici in four disparate British sites, two in Nottinghamshire, one each in Berkshire and Anglesey, Wales. Identification was based on their site in the host (caecum and not small intestine), on key morphological criteria that differentiate this species from S. stroma (in particular the tail of female worms) and by sequencing two genetic loci (cytochrome C oxidase 1 gene and a section of ribosomal DNA). Sequences derived from both genetic loci of putative British S. frederici isolates formed a tight clade with sequences from continental worms known to be S. frederici, clearly distinguishing these isolates from S. stroma which formed a tight clade of its own, distinct from clades representative of Syphacia obvelata from Mus and S. muris from Rattus. The data in this paper therefore constitute the first record of S. frederici from British wood mice, and confirm the status of this species as distinct from both S. obvelata and S. stroma.
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Ledevin R, Chevret P, Ganem G, Britton-Davidian J, Hardouin EA, Chapuis JL, Pisanu B, da Luz Mathias M, Schlager S, Auffray JC, Renaud S. Phylogeny and adaptation shape the teeth of insular mice. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2015.2820. [PMID: 26842576 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
By accompanying human travels since prehistorical times, the house mouse dispersed widely throughout the world, and colonized many islands. The origin of the travellers determined the phylogenetic source of the insular mice, which encountered diverse ecological and environmental conditions on the various islands. Insular mice are thus an exceptional model to disentangle the relative role of phylogeny, ecology and climate in evolution. Molar shape is known to vary according to phylogeny and to respond to adaptation. Using for the first time a three-dimensional geometric morphometric approach, compared with a classical two-dimensional quantification, the relative effects of size variation, phylogeny, climate and ecology were investigated on molar shape diversity across a variety of islands. Phylogeny emerged as the factor of prime importance in shaping the molar. Changes in competition level, mostly driven by the presence or absence of the wood mouse on the different islands, appeared as the second most important effect. Climate and size differences accounted for slight shape variation. This evidences a balanced role of random differentiation related to history of colonization, and of adaptation possibly related to resource exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Ledevin
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Campus de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Pascale Chevret
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Campus de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Guila Ganem
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Janice Britton-Davidian
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Emilie A Hardouin
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Bournemouth University, Christchurch House, Talbot Campus, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Jean-Louis Chapuis
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, UMR 7204, Muséum National d'Histoire, Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, Paris 75005, France
| | - Benoit Pisanu
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, UMR 7204, Muséum National d'Histoire, Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, Paris 75005, France
| | - Maria da Luz Mathias
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar and Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Stefan Schlager
- Anthropologie, Medizinische Fakultät der Albert Ludwigs, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Jean-Christophe Auffray
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Sabrina Renaud
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Campus de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69622, France
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Herman JS, Jóhannesdóttir F, Jones EP, McDevitt AD, Michaux JR, White TA, Wójcik JM, Searle JB. Post-glacial colonization of Europe by the wood mouse,Apodemus sylvaticus: evidence of a northern refugium and dispersal with humans. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S. Herman
- National Museums of Scotland; Chambers Street Edinburgh EH1 1JF UK
| | - Fríđa Jóhannesdóttir
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Cornell University; Corson Hall Ithaca NY 14853-2701 USA
| | | | - Allan D. McDevitt
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre; School of Environment and Life Sciences; University of Salford; Salford M5 4WT UK
- Mammal Research Institute; Polish Academy of Sciences; 17-230 Białowieża Poland
| | - Johan R. Michaux
- Unité de génétique de la conservation; Institut de Botanique; Université de Liège; 4000 Liège Belgique
| | - Thomas A. White
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Cornell University; Corson Hall Ithaca NY 14853-2701 USA
- Lancaster Environment Centre; Lancaster University; Lancaster LA1 4YQ UK
| | - Jan M. Wójcik
- Mammal Research Institute; Polish Academy of Sciences; 17-230 Białowieża Poland
| | - Jeremy B. Searle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Cornell University; Corson Hall Ithaca NY 14853-2701 USA
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Bover P, Alcover JA, Michaux J, Renaud S. The case of an insular molarless black rat: Effects on lifestyle and mandible morphology. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:576-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Renaud S, Auffray JC. Adaptation and plasticity in insular evolution of the house mouse mandible. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2009.00527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Berry RJ, Jakobson ME. Ecological genetics of an island population of the House mouse (Mus musculus). J Zool (1987) 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1975.tb01415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Berry RJ, Warwick T. Field mice (Apodemus sylvatkus) on the Castle Rock, Edinburgh: an isolated population. J Zool (1987) 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1974.tb03160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Murbach H. Zur Kenntnis von Inselpopulationen der Waldmaus Apodemus sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.1979.tb00695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Berry RJ. Genetics of insular populations of mammals, with particular reference to differentiation and founder effects in British small mammals. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1986.tb01754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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RENAUD SABRINA, MILLIEN VIRGINIE. Intra- and interspecific morphological variation in the field mouse species Apodemus argenteus and A. speciosus in the Japanese archipelago: the role of insular isolation and biogeographic gradients. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2001.tb01413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
The reason for the distinctiveness of small mammals on islands has traditionally attracted some imaginative story-telling, usually invoking isolation (as a relict) followed by adaptation and/or random genetic changes. Studies of voles on Orkney, long-tailed field mice on the Hebrides and Shetland, and house mice on the Faroe archipelago show that the main factor in differentiating island races from their mainland ancestors is the chance genetic composition of the founding animals. Subsequent change has necessarily to be based on the genes and frequencies carried by this colonizing group. Probably most post-colonization change is adaptive, although possibly limited in extent both by the initial paucity of variation and by the conservative effect of intragenomic interactions. It is probably helpful to recognize that the 'founder effect' or principle commonly invoked in discussions about evolution on islands involves a founder 'event', followed by founder 'selection'. Island differentiation is not necessarily a precursor to speciation, although the wide occurrence of island endemics suggests that founder effects should not be rejected as a driving force initiating speciation. Notwithstanding, island forms provide a valuable 'laboratory' for testing new genetic combinations, a small proportion of which may prove evolutionarily exciting. Only more empirical studies will uncover their evolutionary importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Berry
- Department of Biology, University College London, U.K
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Michaux JR, Filippucci MG, Libois RM, Fons R, Matagne RF. Biogeography and taxonomy of Apodemus sylvaticus (the woodmouse) in the Tyrrhenian region: enzymatic variations and mitochondrial DNA restriction pattern analysis. Heredity (Edinb) 1996; 76 ( Pt 3):267-77. [PMID: 8728987 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1996.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the western Mediterranean area, the taxonomic status of the various forms of Apodemus sylvaticus is quite unclear. Moreover, though anthropogenic, the origins of the island populations remain unknown in geographical terms. In order to examine the level of genetic relatedness of insular and continental woodmice, 258 animals were caught in 24 localities distributed in Belgium, France, mainland Italy, Sardinia, Corsica and Elba. Electrophoresis of 33 allozymes and mtDNA restriction fragments were performed and a UPGMA dendrogram built from the indices of genetic divergence. The dendrogram based on restriction patterns shows two main groups: 'Tyrrhenian', comprising all the Italian and Corsican animals and 'North-western', corresponding to all the other mice trapped from the Pyrenees to Belgium. Since all the Tyrrhenian mice are similar and well isolated from their relatives living on the western edge of the Alpine chain, they must share a common origin. The insular populations are consequently derived from peninsular Italian ones. From a taxonomic point of view and taking the priority rules into account, we have to invalidate A. s. clanceyi Harrison, 1948 and to consider the Tyrrhenian woodmice as belonging to A. s. milleri de Beaux, 1926, whereas the North-western ones must be referred to as the nominal supspecies. As far as the Elban woodmouse is concerned, at the moment we prefer to keep its present subspecific status because we only studied one animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Michaux
- Service d'Ethologie et de Psychologie Animale, Institut de Zoologie, Liège, Belgium
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Sara M, Casamento G. Morphometrics of the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus, Mammalia, Rodentia) in the Mediterranean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/11250009509356081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kryštufek B. Nonmetric cranial variation and divergence of European sousliks(Citellus citellus)from Yugoslavia (Rodentia, Sciuridae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/11250009009355718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Richtsmeier JT, McGrath JW. Quantitative genetics of cranial nonmetric traits in randombred mice: heritability and etiology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 1986; 69:51-8. [PMID: 3946596 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330690107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cheverud and Buikstra (1981) demonstrated a tendency for nonmetric traits representing the number of foramina to have lower heritabilities than those representing hyperstotic or hypostotic traits in a sample of rhesus macaques. Based on this observation, Cheverud and Buikstra hypothesize that differences in the heritability of the two sets of traits may be due to differences in trait etiology. This study addresses the proposed relationship between trait heritability and etiology. Heritability values are calculated for 35 cranial nonmetric traits in a sample of 320 randombred mice using analysis of variance. The results are minimally consistent with the etiological hypothesis, but only 4 of the 35 traits showed statistically significant heritability values. These results are discussed with reference to the assumption that nonmetric traits have a strong genetic component. It is concluded that the developmental pathways that genetic variation traverses before being expressed in the form of nonmetric traits must be understood before variation in nonmetric traits can be used to its fullest potential.
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Abstract
SummaryThe Shetland Islands lie in the North Atlantic approximately equi-distant between Scotland, Norway and the Faroes. The earliest known colonizers came from the Mediterranean, but when the Vikings arrived (c. AD 800), there seem to have few or no human inhabitants. The descendants of the west Scandinavians who came to the islands in the early Viking movement still comprise the bulk of the human population, and form a series of isolates unique in the United Kingdom.The paper summarizes the available information on the origins and physical characteristics of the Shetlanders. Much of this is trivial, but in the absence of any other review we have brought together what is known. The only blood group data are ABO frequencies which are similar to those on the other North Atlantic islands (Orkney, Faroe and Iceland). The best estimates of relationship are based on comparisons of non-metrical skull variant frequencies which show that the nearest relatives of the Shetlanders are the inhabitants of Jaeren in southern Norway. The same conclusion comes from independent evidence of linguistic affinities.Shetland has the highest known prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the world, and possibly a high incidence of gastric ulceration. It also has a large number of standard Down's syndrome (trisomy-21) patients. These could be the result of the fathers' periodic absences at sea, resulting in their families being spread over a large span of years. Clearly there are interesting and possibly important morbidity and mortality factors operating in the population—which could give significant information about genetical factors in disease. Data on mental defect and psychiatric disease are also presented.
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CORBET GB. Examples of short- and long-term changes of dental pattern in Scottish voles (Rodentia; Microtinae). Mamm Rev 1975. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2907.1975.tb00183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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