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Samhat K, Kazbar A, Takache H, Ismail A, Pruvost J. Influence of light absorption rate on the astaxanthin production by the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis during nitrogen starvation. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:78. [PMID: 38647902 PMCID: PMC10992552 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Large amounts of astaxanthin (about 4% DW) can be produced under nitrogen starvation of Haematococcus pluvialis in photobioreactors (PBRs) exposed to high light conditions to induce a light stress. However, in PBR, the large biomass concentration usually achieved leads to strong light attenuation conditions, which makes complex the analysis of this "light stress". This study aims to elucidate the role of light transfer in astaxanthin cell content and productivity from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis during nitrogen starvation. Haematococcus pluvialis was cultivated in a flat-panel PBR in a batch mode with sudden nitrogen starvation conditions and an incident photon flux density (PFD) of 250 µmolhν m-2 s-1. Different initial biomass concentrations ( C x 0 ) were evaluated, 0.21, 0.52, 1.39 and 2.21 kg m-3. As a result, spectral mass absorption cross-sections of Haematococcus pluvialis were measured at different times during nitrogen starvation, and were used to relate the mean rate of photon absorption (MRPA) to the astaxanthin productivity. A minimum initial MRPA of 7000 ± 500 µmolhν kgx-1 s-1 was found necessary to trigger large accumulation of astaxanthin in Haematococcus pluvialis cells (up to 3.21% DW) during nitrogen starvation conditions. The results also demonstrated the link between the MRPA and the daily astaxanthin productivity of Haematococcus pluvialis cultures, introducing then the MRPA as a physical quantity of interest for a rational optimization of the light culture conditions in PBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Samhat
- Oniris, CNRS, GEPEA, UMR 6144, Nantes University, 44600, Saint-Nazaire, France.
- Platform for Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, Rafic Hariri Campus, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Antoinette Kazbar
- Algosource, 7 Rue Eugène Cornet, 44600, Saint-Nazaire, France
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hosni Takache
- Bio-Information Research Laboratory (BIRL), The Higher Institute of Biotechnologies of Paris (Sup'biotech), 66 Rue Guy Môquet, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Ali Ismail
- Platform for Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, Rafic Hariri Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jeremy Pruvost
- Oniris, CNRS, GEPEA, UMR 6144, Nantes University, 44600, Saint-Nazaire, France
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Heredia V, Pruvost J, Gonçalves O, Drouin D, Marchal L. Lipid recovery from Nannochloropsis gaditana using the wet pathway: Investigation of the operating parameters of bead milling and centrifugal extraction. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Havlik I, Scheper T, Reardon KF. Monitoring of Microalgal Processes. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 153:89-142. [PMID: 26289537 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Process monitoring, which can be defined as the measurement of process variables with the smallest possible delay, is combined with process models to form the basis for successful process control. Minimizing the measurement delay leads inevitably to employing online, in situ sensors where possible, preferably using noninvasive measurement methods with stable, low-cost sensors. Microalgal processes have similarities to traditional bioprocesses but also have unique monitoring requirements. In general, variables to be monitored in microalgal processes can be categorized as physical, chemical, and biological, and they are measured in gaseous, liquid, and solid (biological) phases. Physical and chemical process variables can be usually monitored online using standard industrial sensors. The monitoring of biological process variables, however, relies mostly on sensors developed and validated using laboratory-scale systems or uses offline methods because of difficulties in developing suitable online sensors. Here, we review current technologies for online, in situ monitoring of all types of process parameters of microalgal cultivations, with a focus on monitoring of biological parameters. We discuss newly introduced methods for measuring biological parameters that could be possibly adapted for routine online use, should be preferably noninvasive, and are based on approaches that have been proven in other bioprocesses. New sensor types for measuring physicochemical parameters using optical methods or ion-specific field effect transistor (ISFET) sensors are also discussed. Reviewed methods with online implementation or online potential include measurement of irradiance, biomass concentration by optical density and image analysis, cell count, chlorophyll fluorescence, growth rate, lipid concentration by infrared spectrophotometry, dielectric scattering, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Future perspectives are discussed, especially in the field of image analysis using in situ microscopy, infrared spectrophotometry, and software sensor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Havlik
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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Kandilian R, Pruvost J, Legrand J, Pilon L. Influence of light absorption rate by Nannochloropsis oculata on triglyceride production during nitrogen starvation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 163:308-19. [PMID: 24835743 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to understand the role of light transfer in triglyceride fatty-acid (TG-FA) cell content and productivity from microalgae during nitrogen starvation. Large amounts of TG-FA can be produced via nitrogen starvation of microalgae in photobioreactors exposed to intense light. First, spectral absorption and scattering cross-sections of N. oculata were measured at different times during nitrogen starvation. They were used to relate the mean volumetric rate of energy absorption (MVREA) per unit mass of microalgae to the TG-FA productivity and cell content. TG-FA productivity correlated with the MVREA and reached a maximum for MVREA of 13 μmol hν/gs. This indicated that TG-FA synthesis was limited by the photon absorption rate in the PBR. A minimum MVREA of 13 μmol hν/gs was also necessary at the onset of nitrogen starvation to trigger large accumulation of TG-FA in cells. These results will be instrumental in defining protocols for TG-FA production in scaled-up photobioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razmig Kandilian
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, GEPEA, UMR-CNRS 6144, Bd de l'Université, CRTT-BP 406, 44602 Saint-Nazaire Cedex, France; Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jérémy Pruvost
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, GEPEA, UMR-CNRS 6144, Bd de l'Université, CRTT-BP 406, 44602 Saint-Nazaire Cedex, France.
| | - Jack Legrand
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, GEPEA, UMR-CNRS 6144, Bd de l'Université, CRTT-BP 406, 44602 Saint-Nazaire Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Pilon
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Unravelling the matrix effect of fresh sampled cells for in vivo unbiased FTIR determination of the absolute concentration of total lipid content of microalgae. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 37:2175-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Van Vooren G, Le Grand F, Legrand J, Cuiné S, Peltier G, Pruvost J. Investigation of fatty acids accumulation in Nannochloropsis oculata for biodiesel application. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 124:421-32. [PMID: 23018107 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipids production of the marine microalga species Nannochloropsis oculata was deeply investigated by studying under continuous light the effects of different nitrogen starvation strategies in photobioreactors of various thicknesses. Operating parameters like incident photons flux density (PFD), initial nitrogen (progressive starvation strategy) or biomass concentrations (sudden starvation strategy) were examined, with a detailed analysis of their effects on the quality and production kinetics of total (TL) and triglycerides (TG). In addition to the already known effect of nitrogen starvation to trigger reserve lipids accumulation (mainly TG), it was demonstrated the relevance of the light received per cell affecting TG content and productivities, as well as fatty acids (FA) profiles. With appropriate optimization, N. oculata was confirmed as an interesting candidate for biodiesel application, with high FA accumulation (up to around 50%DW with 43%DW in TG-FA), high productivity (maximum 3.6×10(-3)kg(TG-FA)m(-2)d(-1)) and a TG-FA profile close to palm oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Van Vooren
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, GEPEA, UMR-CNRS 6144, CRTT-BP 406, 44602 Saint-Nazaire Cedex, France
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Reichardt TA, Collins AM, Garcia OF, Ruffing AM, Jones HD, Timlin JA. Spectroradiometric Monitoring of Nannochloropsis salina Growth. ALGAL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Solovchenko A, Khozin-Goldberg I, Recht L, Boussiba S. Stress-induced changes in optical properties, pigment and fatty acid content of Nannochloropsis sp.: implications for non-destructive assay of total fatty acids. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 13:527-35. [PMID: 20882331 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop a practical approach for fast and non-destructive assay of total fatty acid (TFA) and pigments in the biomass of the marine microalga Nannochloropsis sp. changes in TFA, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents were monitored in parallel with the cell suspension absorbance. The experiments were conducted with the cultures grown under normal (complete nutrient f/2 medium at 75 μmol PAR photons/(m(2) s)) or stressful (nitrogen-lacking media at 350 μmol PAR photons/(m(2) s)) conditions. The reliable measurement of the cell suspension absorbance using a spectrophotometer without integrating sphere was achieved by deposition of cells on glass-fiber filters in the chlorophyll content range of 3-13 mg/L. Under stressful conditions, a 30-50% decline in biomass and chlorophyll, retention of carotenoids and a build-up of TFA (15-45 % of dry weight) were recorded. Spectral regions sensitive to widely ranging changes in carotenoid-to-chlorophyll ratio and correlated changes of TFA content were revealed. Employing the tight inter-correlation of stress-induced changes in lipid metabolism and rearrangement of the pigment apparatus, the spectral indices were constructed for non-destructive assessment of carotenoid-to-chlorophyll ratio (range 0.3-0.6; root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.03; r (2) = 0.93) as well as TFA content of Nannochloropsis sp. biomass (range 5.0-45%; RMSE = 3.23 %; r (2) = 0.89) in the broad band 400-550 nm normalized to that in chlorophyll absorption band (centered at 678 nm). The findings are discussed in the context of real-time monitoring of the TFA accumulation by Nannochloropsis cultures under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Solovchenko
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, GSP-1, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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Flynn KJ, Berry LS. The loss of organic nitrogen during marine primary production may be significantly overestimated when using 15N substrates. Proc Biol Sci 1999. [DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1999.0684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Flynn
- Swansea Algal and Plankton Research Group, University of Wales—Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Lorraine S. Berry
- Swansea Algal and Plankton Research Group, University of Wales—Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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