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Wang X, Jespers W, Wolff KAN, Buytelaar J, IJzerman AP, van Westen GJP, Heitman LH. Cancer-Related Somatic Mutations in Transmembrane Helices Alter Adenosine A1 Receptor Pharmacology. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123742. [PMID: 35744872 PMCID: PMC9229843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) has been detected in various cancer cell lines. However, the role of A1AR in tumor development is still unclear. Thirteen A1AR mutations were identified in the Cancer Genome Atlas from cancer patient samples. We have investigated the pharmacology of the mutations located at the 7-transmembrane domain using a yeast system. Concentration-growth curves were obtained with the full agonist CPA and compared to the wild type hA1AR. H78L3.23 and S246T6.47 showed increased constitutive activity, while only the constitutive activity of S246T6.47 could be reduced to wild type levels by the inverse agonist DPCPX. Decreased constitutive activity was observed on five mutant receptors, among which A52V2.47 and W188C5.46 showed a diminished potency for CPA. Lastly, a complete loss of activation was observed in five mutant receptors. A selection of mutations was also investigated in a mammalian system, showing comparable effects on receptor activation as in the yeast system, except for residues pointing toward the membrane. Taken together, this study will enrich the view of the receptor structure and function of A1AR, enlightening the consequences of these mutations in cancer. Ultimately, this may provide an opportunity for precision medicine for cancer patients with pathological phenotypes involving these mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Wang
- Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (X.W.); (W.J.); (K.A.N.W.); (J.B.); (A.P.I.)
| | - Willem Jespers
- Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (X.W.); (W.J.); (K.A.N.W.); (J.B.); (A.P.I.)
| | - Kim A. N. Wolff
- Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (X.W.); (W.J.); (K.A.N.W.); (J.B.); (A.P.I.)
| | - Jill Buytelaar
- Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (X.W.); (W.J.); (K.A.N.W.); (J.B.); (A.P.I.)
| | - Adriaan P. IJzerman
- Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (X.W.); (W.J.); (K.A.N.W.); (J.B.); (A.P.I.)
| | - Gerard J. P. van Westen
- Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (X.W.); (W.J.); (K.A.N.W.); (J.B.); (A.P.I.)
- Correspondence: (G.J.P.v.W.); (L.H.H.); Tel.: +31-71-527-3511 (G.J.P.v.W.); +31-71-527-4558 (L.H.H.)
| | - Laura H. Heitman
- Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (X.W.); (W.J.); (K.A.N.W.); (J.B.); (A.P.I.)
- Oncode Institute, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (G.J.P.v.W.); (L.H.H.); Tel.: +31-71-527-3511 (G.J.P.v.W.); +31-71-527-4558 (L.H.H.)
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An optimised phylogenetic method sheds more light on the main branching events of rhodopsin-like superfamily. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 20:85-94. [PMID: 27614546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The comparative genomics between different rhodopsin-like family groups (α, β, γ and δ) is not well studied. We used a combination of phylogenetic analysis and statistical genomic methods to compare rhodopsin-like family proteins in species likely symbolic of this family's evolutionary progression. For intra-cluster relationships, we applied mathematical optimisation to enhance the tree search produced by the neighbour joining method (NJ) and compared it with maximum likelihood (ML) method. To infer inter-clusters relationships, we used Needleman-Wunsch analysis (NW), HHsearch, ancestral sequence reconstruction and phylogenetic network analysis. Using this workflow, we were able to identify key evolutionary events in the rhodopsin-like family receptors. We found that α rhodopsin-like group gave rise to the β group, while the γ rhodopsin-like group diverged from the β group. We tracked the diversification of every cluster, revealing that fungal opsin is the most ancient member of the α group, while adenosine receptors could be the first member to diverge in the MECA (melanocortin, endothelial differentiation sphingolipid, cannabinoid, and adenosine receptors) subfamily and that histamine receptors could be the parent of the amines receptors, while hypocretin receptors might be the most ancient member of the β group. SOG (somatostatin, opioid, galanin) receptors formed the most ancient members of the γ group. Our analysis indicated that basal receptors might be playing a role in early evolution of the nervous system. This is evident in Trichoplax adhaerens genome, where we located histamine receptors and adenosine receptors.
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Zhang B, Yang X, Tiberi M. Functional importance of two conserved residues in intracellular loop 1 and transmembrane region 2 of Family A GPCRs: insights from ligand binding and signal transduction responses of D1 and D5 dopaminergic receptor mutants. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2014-25. [PMID: 26186971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
For many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the role of the first intracellular loop (IL1) and its connections with adjacent transmembrane (TM) regions have not been investigated. Notably, these regions harbor several polar residues such as Ser and Thr. To begin uncovering how these polar residues may contribute to the structural basis for GPCR functionality, we have designed human D1-class receptor mutants (hD1-ST1 and hD5-ST1) whereby all Ser and Thr of IL1 and IL1/TM2 juncture have been replaced by Ala and Val, respectively. Both ST1 mutants exhibited a loss of dopamine affinity but similar binding properties for inverse agonists compared to their parent receptors. As well, these mutations diminished receptor activation for both subtypes, as indicated by an ablated constitutive activity and a pronounced decrease in dopamine potency. Interestingly, both mutants exhibited enhanced dopamine-mediated maximal stimulation (Emax) of adenylyl cyclase that was at least two-fold higher than wild-type. Point mutations for hD1R revealed that the loss in dopamine affinity and potency was attributed to Thr59, while the enhanced Emax of adenylyl cyclase was directly influenced by Ser65. These two residues are conserved among many Family A GPCRs and have recurring molecular interactions among crystallized structures. As such, their functional roles for IL1 and its transition into TM2 reported herein may also be applicable to other GPCRs. Our work thus potentially highlights a structural role of Thr59 and Ser65 in the formation of critical intramolecular interactions for ligand binding and signal transduction of D1-class dopaminergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Zhang
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Departments of Medicine, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Departments of Medicine, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mario Tiberi
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Departments of Medicine, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Structured and disordered facets of the GPCR fold. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2014; 27:129-37. [PMID: 25198166 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The seven-transmembrane (7TM) helix fold of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been adapted for a wide variety of physiologically important signaling functions. Here, we discuss the diversity in the structured and disordered regions of GPCRs based on the recently published crystal structures and sequence analysis of all human GPCRs. A comparison of the structures of rhodopsin-like receptors (class A), secretin-like receptors (class B), metabotropic receptors (class C) and frizzled receptors (class F) shows that the relative arrangement of the transmembrane helices is conserved across all four GPCR classes although individual receptors can be activated by ligand binding at varying positions within and around the transmembrane helical bundle. A systematic analysis of GPCR sequences reveals the presence of disordered segments in the cytoplasmic side, abundant post-translational modification sites, evidence for alternative splicing and several putative linear peptide motifs that have the potential to mediate interactions with cytosolic proteins. While the structured regions permit the receptor to bind diverse ligands, the disordered regions appear to have an underappreciated role in modulating downstream signaling in response to the cellular state. An integrated paradigm combining the knowledge of structured and disordered regions is imperative for gaining a holistic understanding of the GPCR (un)structure-function relationship.
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Mizuno N, Suzuki T, Kishimoto Y, Hirasawa N. Biochemical assay of G protein-coupled receptor oligomerization: adenosine A1 and thromboxane A2 receptors form the novel functional hetero-oligomer. Methods Cell Biol 2014; 117:213-27. [PMID: 24143980 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-408143-7.00012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are classified into a family of seven transmembrane receptors. Receptor oligomerization may be the key to the expression and function of these receptors, for example, ligand binding, desensitization, membrane trafficking, and signaling. The accumulation of evidence that GPCRs form an oligomerization with a functional alternation may change the strategy for the discovery of novel drugs targeting GPCRs. Identification of the oligomer is essential to elucidate GPCR oligomerization. GPCR oligomerizations have been demonstrated using various biochemical approaches, which include the coimmunoprecipitation method, fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay, and bioluminescence RET assay. Thus, various assays are useful for the study of GPCR oligomerization, and we should choose the best method to match the purpose. We previously targeted adenosine A1 and thromboxane A2 (TP) receptors to form a functionally novel hetero-oligomer, since both receptors function in the same cells. This chapter describes the methods used to detect GPCR oligomerization and alterations in the signaling pathways, principally according to our findings on oligomerization between adenosine A1 and TPα receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Binding, Competitive
- Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Techniques/methods
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunoprecipitation
- Kinetics
- Luciferases, Renilla/genetics
- Luciferases, Renilla/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Plasmids
- Protein Binding
- Protein Multimerization
- Protein Transport
- Receptor, Adenosine A1/chemistry
- Receptor, Adenosine A1/genetics
- Receptor, Adenosine A1/metabolism
- Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2/chemistry
- Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2/genetics
- Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Mizuno
- Department of Pharmacotherapy of Life-style Related Disease, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Hetero-oligomerization and Specificity Changes of G Protein-Coupled Purinergic Receptors. Methods Enzymol 2013; 521:239-57. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-391862-8.00013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Hetero-oligomerization between adenosine A₁ and thromboxane A₂ receptors and cellular signal transduction on stimulation with high and low concentrations of agonists for both receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 677:5-14. [PMID: 22200626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that G protein-coupled receptors can form homo- and hetero-oligomers to diversify signal transduction. However, the molecular mechanisms and physiological significance of G protein-coupled receptor-oligomers are not fully understood. Both ADOR1 (adenosine A(1) receptor) and TBXA2R (thromboxane A(2) receptor α; TPα receptor), members of the G protein-coupled receptor family, act on astrocytes and renal mesangial cells, suggesting certain functional correlations. In this study, we explored the possibility that adenosine A(1) and TPα receptors form hetero-oligomers with novel pharmacological profiles. We showed that these receptors hetero-oligomerize by conducting coimmunoprecipitation and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET(2)) assays in adenosine A(1) receptor and TPα receptor-cotransfected HEK293T cells. Furthermore, coexpression of the receptors affected signal transduction including the accumulation of cyclic AMP and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 was significantly increased by high and low concentrations of adenosine A(1) receptor agonist and TPα agonists, respectively. Our study provides evidence of hetero-oligomerization between adenosine A(1) and TPα receptors for the first time, and suggests that this oligomerization affects signal transduction responding to different concentrations of receptor agonists.
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Suzuki T, Obara Y, Moriya T, Nakata H, Nakahata N. Functional interaction between purinergic receptors: effect of ligands for A2A
and P2Y12
receptors on P2Y1
receptor function. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:3978-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Fredholm BB, IJzerman AP, Jacobson KA, Linden J, Müller CE. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXI. Nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors--an update. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:1-34. [PMID: 21303899 PMCID: PMC3061413 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.003285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1002] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 10 years since our previous International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology report on the nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors, no developments have led to major changes in the recommendations. However, there have been so many other developments that an update is needed. The fact that the structure of one of the adenosine receptors has recently been solved has already led to new ways of in silico screening of ligands. The evidence that adenosine receptors can form homo- and heteromultimers has accumulated, but the functional significance of such complexes remains unclear. The availability of mice with genetic modification of all the adenosine receptors has led to a clarification of the functional roles of adenosine, and to excellent means to study the specificity of drugs. There are also interesting associations between disease and structural variants in one or more of the adenosine receptors. Several new selective agonists and antagonists have become available. They provide improved possibilities for receptor classification. There are also developments hinting at the usefulness of allosteric modulators. Many drugs targeting adenosine receptors are in clinical trials, but the established therapeutic use is still very limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertil B Fredholm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Namba K, Suzuki T, Nakata H. Immunogold electron microscopic evidence of in situ formation of homo- and heteromeric purinergic adenosine A1 and P2Y2 receptors in rat brain. BMC Res Notes 2010; 3:323. [PMID: 21114816 PMCID: PMC3009664 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-3-323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Purines such as adenosine and ATP are now generally recognized as the regulators of many physiological functions, such as neurotransmission, pain, cardiac function, and immune responses. Purines exert their functions via purinergic receptors, which are divided into adenosine and P2 receptors. Recently, we demonstrated that the Gi/o-coupled adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) and Gq/11-coupled P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) form a heteromeric complex with unique pharmacology in co-transfected human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T). However, the heteromeric interaction of A1R and P2Y2R in situ in brain is still largely unknown. Findings In the present study, we visualized the surface expression and co-localization of A1R and P2Y2R in both transfected HEK293T cells and in rat brain by confocal microscopy and more precisely by immunogold electron microscopy. Immunogold electron microscopy showed the evidence for the existence of homo- and hetero-dimers among A1R and P2Y2R at the neurons in cortex, cerebellum, and particularly cerebellar Purkinje cells, also supported by co-immunoprecipitation study. Conclusion The results suggest that evidence for the existence of homo- and hetero-dimers of A1R and P2Y2R, not only in co-transfected cultured cells, but also in situ on the surface of neurons in various brain regions. While the homo-dimerization ratios displayed similar patterns in all three regions, the rates of hetero-dimerization were prominent in hippocampal pyramidal cells among the three regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Namba
- Department of Molecular Cell Signaling, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan.
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Iturrioz X, Gerbier R, Leroux V, Alvear-Perez R, Maigret B, Llorens-Cortes C. By interacting with the C-terminal Phe of apelin, Phe255 and Trp259 in helix VI of the apelin receptor are critical for internalization. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:32627-37. [PMID: 20675385 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.127167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin is the endogenous ligand of the orphan seven-transmembrane domain (TM) G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Apelin is involved in the regulation of body fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular functions. We previously showed the importance of the C-terminal Phe of apelin 17 (K17F) in the hypotensive activity of this peptide. Here, we show either by deleting the Phe residue (K16P) or by substituting it by an Ala (K17A), that it plays a crucial role in apelin receptor internalization but not in apelin binding or in Gα(i)-protein coupling. Then we built a homology three-dimensional model of the human apelin receptor using the cholecystokinin receptor-1 model as a template, and we subsequently docked K17F into the binding site. We visualized a hydrophobic cavity at the bottom of the binding pocket in which the C-terminal Phe of K17F was embedded by Trp(152) in TMIV and Trp(259) and Phe(255) in TMVI. Using molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis studies, we further showed that Phe(255) and Trp(259) are key residues in triggering receptor internalization without playing a role in apelin binding or in Gα(i)-protein coupling. These findings bring new insights into apelin receptor activation and show that Phe(255) and Trp(259), by interacting with the C-terminal Phe of the pyroglutamyl form of apelin 13 (pE13F) or K17F, are crucial for apelin receptor internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Iturrioz
- INSERM, U691, Collège de France, Université Pierre et Marie-Curie Paris 6, Paris FR-75005, France
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