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Dayao DAE, Dawson S, Kienzle MJP, Gibson JS, Blackall PJ, Turni C. Variation in the Antimicrobial Susceptibility ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeIsolates in a Pig, Within a Batch of Pigs, and Among Batches of Pigs from One Farm. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 21:491-6. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Ann E. Dayao
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan Dawson
- Portec Veterinary Services, Welshpool, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marco Jean-Paul Kienzle
- Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry, EcoSciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Justine S. Gibson
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Patrick J. Blackall
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, EcoSciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia
| | - Conny Turni
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, EcoSciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia
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Herbert LJ, Vali L, Hoyle DV, Innocent G, McKendrick IJ, Pearce MC, Mellor D, Porphyre T, Locking M, Allison L, Hanson M, Matthews L, Gunn GJ, Woolhouse ME, Chase-Topping ME. E. coli O157 on Scottish cattle farms: evidence of local spread and persistence using repeat cross-sectional data. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:95. [PMID: 24766709 PMCID: PMC4022360 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157 is a virulent zoonotic strain of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli. In Scotland (1998-2008) the annual reported rate of human infection is 4.4 per 100,000 population which is consistently higher than other regions of the UK and abroad. Cattle are the primary reservoir. Thus understanding infection dynamics in cattle is paramount to reducing human infections. A large database was created for farms sampled in two cross-sectional surveys carried out in Scotland (1998 - 2004). A statistical model was generated to identify risk factors for the presence of E. coli O157 on farms. Specific hypotheses were tested regarding the presence of E. coli O157 on local farms and the farms previous status. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles were further examined to ascertain whether local spread or persistence of strains could be inferred. Results The presence of an E. coli O157 positive local farm (average distance: 5.96km) in the Highlands, North East and South West, farm size and the number of cattle moved onto the farm 8 weeks prior to sampling were significant risk factors for the presence of E. coli O157 on farms. Previous status of a farm was not a significant predictor of current status (p = 0.398). Farms within the same sampling cluster were significantly more likely to be the same PFGE type (p < 0.001), implicating spread of strains between local farms. Isolates with identical PFGE types were observed to persist across the two surveys, including 3 that were identified on the same farm, suggesting an environmental reservoir. PFGE types that were persistent were more likely to have been observed in human clinical infections in Scotland (p < 0.001) from the same time frame. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate the spread of E. coli O157 between local farms and highlight the potential link between persistent cattle strains and human clinical infections in Scotland. This novel insight into the epidemiology of Scottish E. coli O157 paves the way for future research into the mechanisms of transmission which should help with the design of control measures to reduce E. coli O157 from livestock-related sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Margo E Chase-Topping
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, UK.
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Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains isolated from supershedding cattle. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:4294-303. [PMID: 23645203 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00846-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous reports have indicated that a small proportion of cattle shedding high levels of Escherichia coli O157:H7 is the main source for transmission of this organism between animals. Cattle achieving a fecal shedding status of 10(4) CFU of E. coli O157:H7/gram or greater are now referred to as supershedders. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of E. coli O157:H7 strain type to supershedding and to determine if supershedding was restricted to a specific set of E. coli O157:H7 strains. Fecal swabs (n = 5,086) were collected from cattle at feedlots or during harvest. Supershedders constituted 2.0% of the bovine population tested. Supershedder isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), phage typing, lineage-specific polymorphism assay (LSPA), Stx-associated bacteriophage insertion (SBI) site determination, and variant analysis of Shiga toxin, tir, and antiterminator Q genes. Isolates representing 52 unique PFGE patterns, 19 phage types, and 12 SBI clusters were obtained from supershedding cattle, indicating that there is no clustering to E. coli O157:H7 genotypes responsible for supershedding. While being isolated directly from cattle, this strain set tended to have higher frequencies of traits associated with human clinical isolates than previously collected bovine isolates with respect to lineage and tir allele, but not for SBI cluster and Q type. We conclude that no exclusive genotype was identified that was common to all supershedder isolates.
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Stanford K, Agopsowicz CA, McAllister TA. Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance among isolates of Escherichia coli O157: H7 from feces and hides of super-shedders and low-shedding pen-mates in two commercial beef feedlots. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:178. [PMID: 23014060 PMCID: PMC3582550 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cattle shedding at least 104 CFU Escherichia coli O157:H7/g feces are described as super-shedders and have been shown to increase transmission of E. coli O157:H7 to other cattle in feedlots. This study investigated relationships among fecal isolates from super-shedders (n = 162), perineal hide swab isolates (PS) from super-shedders (n = 137) and fecal isolates from low-shedder (< 104 CFU/g feces) pen-mates (n = 496) using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A subsample of these fecal isolates (n = 474) was tested for antimicrobial resistance. Isolates of E. coli O157:H7 were obtained from cattle in pens (avg. 181 head) at 2 commercial feedlots in southern Alberta with each steer sampled at entry to the feedlot and prior to slaughter. Results Only 1 steer maintained super-shedder status at both samplings, although approximately 30% of super-shedders in sampling 1 had low-shedder status at sampling 2. A total of 85 restriction endonuclease digestion clusters (REPC; 90% or greater similarity) and 86 unique isolates (< 90% similarity) were detected, with the predominant REPC (30% of isolates) being isolated from cattle in all feedlot pens, although it was not associated with shedding status (super- or low-shedder; P = 0.94). Only 2/21 super-shedders had fecal isolates in the same REPC at both samplings. Fecal and PS isolates from individual super-shedders generally belonged to different REPCs, although fecal isolates of E. coli O157:H7 from super- and low-shedders showed greater similarity (P < 0.001) than those from PS. For 77% of super-shedders, PFGE profiles of super-shedder fecal and PS isolates were distinct from all low-shedder fecal isolates collected in the same pen. A low level of antimicrobial resistance (3.7%) was detected and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance did not differ among super- and low-shedder isolates (P = 0.69), although all super-shedder isolates with antimicrobial resistance (n = 3) were resistant to multiple antimicrobials. Conclusions Super-shedders did not have increased antimicrobial resistance compared to low-shedder pen mates. Our data demonstrated that PFGE profiles of individual super-shedders varied over time and that only 1/162 steers remained a super-shedder at 2 samplings. In these two commercial feedlots, PFGE subtypes of E. coli O157:H7 from fecal isolates of super- and low-shedders were frequently different as were subtypes of fecal and perineal hide isolates from super-shedders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Stanford
- Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Agriculture Centre, 100-5401 1st Ave, S, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4 V6, Canada.
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Qi H, Zhong Z, Zhou HX, Deng CY, Zhu H, Li JF, Wang XL, Li FR. A rapid and highly sensitive protocol for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 based on immunochromatography assay combined with the enrichment technique of immunomagnetic nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:3033-9. [PMID: 22163159 PMCID: PMC3235026 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s25684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) is an important pathogenic bacterium that threatens human health. A rapid, simple, highly sensitive, and specific method for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 is necessary. METHODS In the present study, immunomagnetic nanoparticles (IMPs) were prepared with nanopure iron as the core, coated with E. coli O157:H7 polyclonal antibodies. These IMPs were used in combination with immunochromatographic assay (ICA) and used to establish highly sensitive and rapid kits (IMPs+ICA) to detect E. coli O157:H7. The kits were then used to detect E. coli O157:H7 in 150 food samples and were compared with conventional ICA to evaluate their efficacy. RESULTS The average diameter of IMPs was 56 nm and the amount of adsorbed antibodies was 106.0 μg/mg. The sensitivity of ICA and IMPs+ICA was 10(5) colony-forming units/mL and 10(3) CFUs/mL, respectively, for purified E. coli O157:H7 solution. The sensitivity of IMPs+ICA was increased by two orders, and its specificity was similar to ICA. CONCLUSION The kits have the potential to offer important social and economic benefits in the screening, monitoring, and control of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qi
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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Jacob ME, Shi X, An B, Nagaraja TG, Bai J. Evaluation of a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for the quantification of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle feces. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011; 9:79-85. [PMID: 22047056 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.0947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle are asymptomatic reservoirs for Escherichia coli O157, a major foodborne pathogen. The organism generally colonizes the hindgut of cattle and is shed in the feces at low concentrations. The objective of this research was to evaluate a multiplex, real-time polymerase chain reaction (mqPCR) assay for quantification of E. coli O157 in cattle feces using stx1, stx2, and rfbE gene targets. Primer efficiency and analytical sensitivity of the assay were evaluated with a single or pooled (five strain) culture of E. coli O157. In pure culture, the minimum detection limit of the assay was 1.4×10(3) CFU/mL and 3.6×10(3) CFU/mL for the single and five-strain mixture of E. coli O157, respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity was analyzed using DNA extracted from cattle feces spiked with E. coli O157. In feces spiked with the pooled mixture of five E. coli O157 strains, the minimum detection limit was 3.6×10(4) CFU/g. We also evaluated the assay with feces from cattle experimentally inoculated with E. coli O157 by comparing the results to a culture-based method. For the majority of samples tested, the concentration of E. coli O157 detected by the real-time and culture methods was within one log difference. However, the assay could only be evaluated for cattle shedding high concentrations of E. coli O157. In conclusion, the mqPCR quantifying E. coli O157 in cattle feces using stx1, stx2, and rfbE gene targets may have use in detecting and quantifying super shedders, but is not applicable for quantification in animals shedding low concentrations (10(2) to 10(3) CFU/g feces).
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Jacob
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Oukacine F, Quirino JP, Garrelly L, Romestand B, Zou T, Cottet H. Simultaneous Electrokinetic and Hydrodynamic Injection for High Sensitivity Bacteria Analysis in Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4949-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200684t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farid Oukacine
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier1-Université de Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, case courrier 1706, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- COLCOM SARL, Cap Alpha Avenue de l’Europe, Clapiers 34940 Montpellier, France
| | - Joselito P. Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia 7001
| | - Laurent Garrelly
- COLCOM SARL, Cap Alpha Avenue de l’Europe, Clapiers 34940 Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard Romestand
- Laboratoire Ecosystèmes Lagunaires, UMR 5119, Université de Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Tao Zou
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier1-Université de Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, case courrier 1706, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Hervé Cottet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier1-Université de Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, case courrier 1706, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Kiss R, Szita G, Herpay M, Csikó G, Pászti J, Mag T, Kovács P, Kovács G, Szita J, Tóth P, Szatmári I, Bernáth S. The isolation of verocytotoxin-producingEscherichia coli(VTEC) strains from improperly pasteurised cow’s milk samples. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.2010.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Report of the Task Force on Zoonoses Data Collection on the availability of molecular typing methods for Salmonella, Campylobacter, verotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus isolates from food, animals and feedingstuffs in European Union Member States (and in some other reporting countries). EFSA J 2009. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2009.272r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Beneduce L, Spano G, Nabi AQ, Lamacchia F, Massa S, Aouni R, Hamama A. Occurrence and characterization of Escherichia coli O157 and other serotypes in raw meat products in Morocco. J Food Prot 2008; 71:2082-6. [PMID: 18939757 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-71.10.2082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 100 raw meat samples were collected from 15 local Moroccan butcheries in five different areas of the city of Rabat during a period of 4 months. Overall, 7 of 15 butcheries from three areas of the city yielded strains of Escherichia coli O157. Single isolates from 9 (9%) of 100 raw meat samples were biochemically and serologically confirmed as E. coli O157. Using molecular techniques, two strains were positive for the Shiga toxin, with two additional strains containing an attaching-effacing gene. All potentially virulent serotypes isolated from these meat samples showed distinct pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles. Based on antibiotic susceptibility testing, more than 70% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and clavulanic acid-amoxicillin. Moreover, one strain was resistant to more than three antibiotics. Our study represents the first survey of E. coli O157 and related serotypes in raw meat products in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Beneduce
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Food Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
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Impact of diversity of colonizing strains on strategies for sampling Escherichia coli from fecal specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:3094-6. [PMID: 18650357 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00945-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Of 49 subjects, 21 were colonized with more than one strain of Escherichia coli and 12 subjects had at least one strain present in fewer than 20% of colonies. The ability to accurately characterize E. coli strain diversity is directly related to the number of colonies sampled and the underlying prevalence of the strain.
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Hibi K, Ushio H, Fukuda H, Mitsubayashi K, Hayashi T, Ren H, Endo H. Immunomagnetic separation using carbonyl iron powder and flow cytometry for rapid detection of Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:1147-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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