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Patnaik D, Pao PC, Zhao WN, Silva MC, Hylton NK, Chindavong PS, Pan L, Tsai LH, Haggarty SJ. Exifone Is a Potent HDAC1 Activator with Neuroprotective Activity in Human Neuronal Models of Neurodegeneration. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:271-284. [PMID: 33417763 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability caused by a deficiency in the DNA damage response and repair has been linked to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Preventing genomic instability that ultimately leads to neuronal death may provide a broadly effective strategy to protect against multiple potential genotoxic stressors. Recently, the zinc-dependent class I histone deacetylase (HDAC1) has been identified as a critical factor for protecting neurons from deleterious effects of DNA damage in Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Translating these observations to a novel neuroprotective therapy for AD, ALS, and FTD may be advanced by the identification of small molecules capable of increasing the deacetylase activity of HDAC1 selectively over other structurally similar HDACs. Here, we demonstrate that exifone, a drug previously shown to be effective in treating cognitive deficits associated with AD and Parkinson's disease, the molecular mechanism of which has remained poorly understood, potently activates the deacetylase activity of HDAC1. We show that exifone acts as a mixed, nonessential activator of HDAC1 that is capable of binding to both free and substrate-bound enzyme, resulting in an increased relative maximal rate of HDAC1-catalyzed deacetylation. Exifone can directly bind to HDAC1 based upon biolayer interferometry assays with kinetic and selectivity profiling, suggesting that HDAC1 is preferentially targeted compared to other class I HDACs and the kinase CDK5, which have also been implicated in neurodegeneration. Consistent with a mechanism of deacetylase activation intracellularly, the treatment of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neuronal cells resulted in globally decreased histone acetylation. Moreover, exifone treatment was neuroprotective in a tauopathy patient iPSC-derived neuronal model subject to oxidative stress. Taken together, these findings reveal exifone as a potent activator of HDAC1-mediated deacetylation, thereby offering a lead for novel therapeutic development aiming to protect genomic integrity in the context of neurodegeneration and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Patnaik
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Ping-Chieh Pao
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wen-Ning Zhao
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - M. Catarina Silva
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Norma K. Hylton
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Peter S. Chindavong
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Ling Pan
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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2
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Liao WH, Wu CH, Chen WS. Pre-Treatment with Either L-Carnitine or Piracetam Increases Ultrasound-Mediated Gene Transfection by Reducing Sonoporation-Associated Apoptosis. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:1257-1265. [PMID: 29549974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sonoporation, the use of ultrasound to alter the permeability of cell membranes, is a non-viral technique used to facilitate gene delivery, possibly by opening transient pores in the cell membrane. However, sonoporation may have negative bio-effects on cells, such as causing apoptosis, which limits its efficacy in gene delivery. In this study, we investigated whether pre-treatment with either L-carnitine or piracetam could protect cells from undergoing apoptosis after sonoporation and the possible mechanisms. We found that either L-carnitine or piracetam can promote gene transfection without reducing cell viability, possibly by reducing cavitation-induced reactive oxygen species generation, reversing alterations of mitochondrial membrane potential, preventing caspase-3/7 activity and facilitating mitochondrial ATP production. In conclusion, pre-treatment with either L-carnitine or piracetam could protect cells from sonoporation-associated apoptosis by preserving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Liao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Hung Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Shiang Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Medical Engineering Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Shi L, Lei Y, Srivastava R, Qin W, Chen JJ. Gallic acid induces apoptosis in human cervical epithelial cells containing human papillomavirus type 16 episomes. J Med Virol 2015; 88:127-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Xi'an China
- Department of Medicine; University of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester Massachusetts USA
| | - Yanjun Lei
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center; Xi'an China
| | - Ranjana Srivastava
- Department of Medicine; University of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester Massachusetts USA
| | - Weihua Qin
- SoonFast Pharma Science & Technology; Guangzhou; China
| | - Jason J. Chen
- Department of Medicine; University of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester Massachusetts USA
- Cancer Research Center; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
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4
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Keil U, Scherping I, Hauptmann S, Schuessel K, Eckert A, Müller WE. Piracetam improves mitochondrial dysfunction following oxidative stress. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 147:199-208. [PMID: 16284628 PMCID: PMC1615864 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
1.--Mitochondrial dysfunction including decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced ATP production represents a common final pathway of many conditions associated with oxidative stress, for example, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, and aging. 2.--Since the cognition-improving effects of the standard nootropic piracetam are usually more pronounced under such pathological conditions and young healthy animals usually benefit little by piracetam, the effect of piracetam on mitochondrial dysfunction following oxidative stress was investigated using PC12 cells and dissociated brain cells of animals treated with piracetam. 3.--Piracetam treatment at concentrations between 100 and 1000 microM improved mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production of PC12 cells following oxidative stress induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and serum deprivation. Under conditions of mild serum deprivation, piracetam (500 microM) induced a nearly complete recovery of mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels. Piracetam also reduced caspase 9 activity after SNP treatment. 4.--Piracetam treatment (100-500 mg kg(-1) daily) of mice was also associated with improved mitochondrial function in dissociated brain cells. Significant improvement was mainly seen in aged animals and only less in young animals. Moreover, the same treatment reduced antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) in aged mouse brain only, which are elevated as an adaptive response to the increased oxidative stress with aging. 5.--In conclusion, therapeutically relevant in vitro and in vivo concentrations of piracetam are able to improve mitochondrial dysfunction associated with oxidative stress and/or aging. Mitochondrial stabilization and protection might be an important mechanism to explain many of piracetam's beneficial effects in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Keil
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter, N260, University of Frankfurt, Marie-Curie-Str. 9, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Isabel Scherping
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter, N260, University of Frankfurt, Marie-Curie-Str. 9, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susanne Hauptmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter, N260, University of Frankfurt, Marie-Curie-Str. 9, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katin Schuessel
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter, N260, University of Frankfurt, Marie-Curie-Str. 9, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anne Eckert
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter, N260, University of Frankfurt, Marie-Curie-Str. 9, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Walter E Müller
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter, N260, University of Frankfurt, Marie-Curie-Str. 9, 60439 Frankfurt, Germany
- Author for correspondence:
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Allain H, Bentué-Ferrer D, Tribut O, Gauthier S, Michel BF, Drieu-La Rochelle C. Alzheimer's disease: the pharmacological pathway. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2003; 17:419-28. [PMID: 12914543 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-8206.2003.00153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) comes down to four marketed drugs (tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine) all of which are cholinesterase inhibitors, conforming to the cholinergic hypothesis. The future is clearly directed at new biological targets closely linked to the pathophysiology of the disease and more precisely, the pathological hallmark of AD which includes widespread neuronal degeneration, neuritic plaques containing beta-amyloid and tau-rich neurofibrillary tangles. For clinicians, this means that new curative drugs will have to be prescribed early in the course of the disease. This review describes the main entry pathways for drug discovery in AD: (1) supplementation therapy, (2) anti-apoptotic compounds, (3) substances with a mitochondrial impact, (4) anti-amyloid substances, (5) anti-protein aggregation and (6) lipid-lowering drugs. The rapidity at which these compounds will be at our disposal is highly dependent on the policy of the pharmaceutical companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Allain
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Rennes I, CS 34317, 35043 Rennes cedex, France.
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Largeron M, Mesples B, Gressens P, Cecchelli R, Spedding M, Le Ridant A, Fleury M. The neuroprotective activity of 8-alkylamino-1,4-benzoxazine antioxidants. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 424:189-94. [PMID: 11672561 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant 8-alkylamino-1,4-benzoxazines, (R,S)-(3-tert-butyl-8-phenylethylamino-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-5-yl) (phenyl) methanone (S 24429) and (R,S)-(3-cyclopentyl-8-benzylamino-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-5-yl) (phenyl) methanone (S 24718), were prepared according to a two-step one-pot electrochemical procedure. These compounds had been selected from a previous study of structure/activity. Both compounds (1-100 microM) prevented the fall in ATP levels caused by 24 h of hypoxia in astrocytes. Both compounds (1 and 10 mg/kg i.p.) were powerful neuroprotective agents in protecting against the lesions induced by 15 microg S-bromo-willardiine injected into the cortex or white matter of 5-day old mice pups. In contrast, exifone, an antioxidant compound, was inactive at these doses. S 24429 and S 24718 appear to be novel neuroprotective agents, which are effective in a model of brain damage mimicking the lesions underlying cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Largeron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Electrochimie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, UMR 8638 CNRS-Université René Descartes, 4, Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
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7
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Largeron M, Lockhart B, Pfeiffer B, Fleury MB. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of new 8-amino-1,4-benzoxazine derivatives as neuroprotective antioxidants. J Med Chem 1999; 42:5043-52. [PMID: 10585213 DOI: 10.1021/jm991105j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of new 8-amino-1,4-benzoxazine derivatives 5a-o was synthesized and examined for their intrinsic cytotoxicity and their capacity to inhibit oxidative stress-mediated neuronal degeneration in neuronal cell cultures. In particular, substituent effects at the 3- and 8-positions of the 1,4-benzoxazine ring were investigated by in vitro evaluation. In this aim, 3-alkyl substituents seemed to be essential for efficient neuroprotective activity. Furthermore, within the subseries of substituted 3-alkyl benzoxazines, the most active derivatives were those bearing an 8-benzylamino substituent. From the combined results of both toxicity and neuroprotection expressed in terms of the safety index, 8-benzylamino-substituted-3-alkyl-1,4-benzoxazines were identified as the most promising compounds, owing to their potent neuroprotective activity without the manifestation of intrinsic cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Largeron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Electrochimie, UMR 8638 CNRS - Université René Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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8
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Saïag B, Shacoori V, Bodin P, Pape D, Allain H, Burnstock G. Free radical involvement in endothelium-dependent responses of the rat thoracic aorta in moderate hypoxic conditions. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 372:57-63. [PMID: 10374715 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of agents which act on the production or efficacy of free radicals on the hypoxic responses of rat aorta rings. Under moderate hypoxic conditions, the resting tension of the rings was not changed but in rings precontracted with 5-hydroxytryptamine, there was a relaxation followed by a contraction. Removal of the endothelium with saponin suppressed relaxation to acetylcholine and abolished the contractions produced by hypoxia. In rings with a functional endothelium, hypoxic vasoconstriction was strongly inhibited by mannitol and exifone, but was not reduced by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, superoxide dismutase + catalase, or deferoxamine. Hypoxic vasodilatation was only partially inhibited by mannitol. To conclude, hypoxic constriction of the rat thoracic aorta is largely endothelium-dependent and involves free radicals whereas hypoxic dilatation is partially endothelium-dependent and partially involves free radicals. There is also indirect evidence for lack of direct involvement of nitric oxide/endothelium-derived relaxing factor (NO*/EDRF), hydroxyl radical (OH*) and superoxide anion in the hypoxic constriction and relaxation of the rat aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Saïag
- Unité Endothelium et Biologie de la Paroi Vasculaire, Laboratoire de Physiologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Rennes, France
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Allain H, Bentué-Ferrer D, Zekri O, Schück S, Lebreton S, Reymann JM. Experimental and clinical methods in the development of anti-Alzheimer drugs. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 1998; 12:13-29. [PMID: 9523180 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.1998.tb00919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methodology used for the development of anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) drugs raises specific problems which are rarely examined in the literature. While the general development scheme is similar to that required for most drugs, some specific aspects must be analyzed, highly dominated by the dual goal of pharmacology, i.e., to obtain both symptomatic and etiopathogenic drugs. During preclinical studies, aged or lesioned animals are mainly useful for symptomatic drugs, whereas transgenic models or neurodegeneration-induced techniques would probably lead to etiopathogenic drugs potentially slowing down the process of AD. The first administrations of a new compound to human beings raise the question of the activity measurement techniques. Psychometry remains the most informative procedure to detect and analyze the activity of the drugs on the different components of cognition. Electrophysiology and neuroimaging need some complementary studies before they can be proposed as surrogate criteria in phase III trials. At this stage of development, American and the recently published European guidelines are of great help while insisting on long-term (6 months) placebo controlled trials with the use of the triple efficacy criterion: an objective cognition scale, a global assessment, and the opinion of the caregiver. In the long term, pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacoeconomy will have to confirm the rationale of this recent progress in the methodology of anti-AD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Allain
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
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Allain H, Bentué-Ferrer D, Belliard S, Derouesné C. 1 Pharmacology of Alzheimer's Disease. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Novel 1,4-benzoxazine derivatives of pharmacological interest. Electrochemical and chemical syntheses. Tetrahedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)98693-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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