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Vuran G, Yılmazer MM, Gerçeker E, Zihni C, Meşe T. Leukotriene B4 levels in CHD-associated paediatric pulmonary hypertension. Cardiol Young 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38444233 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951124000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of leukotriene B4, an inflammatory mediator, in the development of pulmonary hypertension in paediatric patients with CHD with left-right shunt. METHODS The study included forty patients with CHD with left-right shunts. Based on haemodynamic data obtained from cardiac diagnostic catheterisation, 25 patients who met the criteria for pulmonary arterial hypertension were included in the patient group. The control group comprised 15 patients who did not meet the criteria. The standard cardiac haemodynamic study was conducted. Leukotriene B4 levels were assessed in blood samples taken from both pulmonary arteries and peripheral veins. RESULTS The median age of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension was 10 months (range: 3-168), while the median age of the control group was 50 months (range: 3-194). In the pulmonary hypertension group, the median pulmonary artery systolic/diastolic/mean pressures were 38/18/24 mmHg, compared to 26/10/18 mmHg in the control group. Leukotriene B4 levels in pulmonary artery blood samples were significantly higher in the pulmonary arterial hypertension group compared to the controls (p < 0.05). Peripheral leukotriene B4 levels were also elevated in the pulmonary arterial hypertension group in comparison to the control group, though the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The discovery of elevated leukotriene B4 levels in pulmonary artery samples from paediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to CHD with left-to-right shunt suggests that local inflammation may have a pathological role in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Vuran
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Pediatric Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Muhtar Yılmazer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Pediatric Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Engin Gerçeker
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Pediatric Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Zihni
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Pediatric Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Timur Meşe
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Pediatric Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
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2
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Aguirre RS, Kulkarni A, Becker MW, Lei X, Sarkar S, Ramanadham S, Phelps EA, Nakayasu ES, Sims EK, Mirmira RG. Extracellular vesicles in β cell biology: Role of lipids in vesicle biogenesis, cargo, and intercellular signaling. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101545. [PMID: 35817393 PMCID: PMC9294332 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disorder whose pathogenesis involves an intricate interplay between β cells of the pancreatic islet, other islet cells, and cells of the immune system. Direct intercellular communication within the islet occurs via cell surface proteins and indirect intercellular communication has traditionally been seen as occurring via secreted proteins (e.g., endocrine hormones and cytokines). However, recent literature suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by β cells constitute an additional and biologically important mechanism for transmitting signals to within the islet. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the general mechanisms of EV formation, with a particular focus on how lipids and lipid signaling pathways influence their formation and cargo. We review the implications of EV release from β cells for T1D pathogenesis, how EVs and their cargo might be leveraged as biomarkers of this process, and how EVs might be engineered as a therapeutic candidate to counter T1D outcomes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Islet β cells have been viewed as initiators and propagators of the cellular circuit giving rise to autoimmunity in T1D. In this context, emerging literature suggests that EVs may represent a conduit for communication that holds more comprehensive messaging about the β cells from which they arise. As the field of EV biology advances, it opens the possibility that intervening with EV formation and cargo loading could be a novel disease-modifying approach in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhishek Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew W. Becker
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology & The Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Soumyadeep Sarkar
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology & The Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Edward A. Phelps
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Emily K. Sims
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Corresponding author. 900 E. 57th St., KCBD 8130, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Subramanian BC, Majumdar R, Parent CA. The role of the LTB 4-BLT1 axis in chemotactic gradient sensing and directed leukocyte migration. Semin Immunol 2018; 33:16-29. [PMID: 29042024 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Directed leukocyte migration is a hallmark of inflammatory immune responses. Leukotrienes are derived from arachidonic acid and represent a class of potent lipid mediators of leukocyte migration. In this review, we summarize the essential steps leading to the production of LTB4 in leukocytes. We discuss the recent findings on the exosomal packaging and transport of LTB4 in the context of chemotactic gradients formation and regulation of leukocyte recruitment. We also discuss the dynamic roles of the LTB4 receptors, BLT1 and BLT2, in mediating chemotactic signaling in leukocytes and contrast them to other structurally related leukotrienes that bind to distinct GPCRs. Finally, we highlight the specific roles of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in mediating signal-relay between chemotaxing neutrophils and its potential contribution to a wide variety of inflammatory conditions including tumor progression and metastasis, where LTB4 is emerging as a key signaling component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagawat C Subramanian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Ritankar Majumdar
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Carole A Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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4
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Nunns GR, Stringham JR, Gamboni F, Moore EE, Fragoso M, Stettler GR, Silliman CC, Banerjee A. Trauma and hemorrhagic shock activate molecular association of 5-lipoxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase-Activating protein in lung tissue. J Surg Res 2018; 229:262-270. [PMID: 29936999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic lung injury following trauma and hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) is associated with significant morbidity. Leukotriene-induced inflammation has been implicated in the development of post-traumatic lung injury through a mechanism that is only partially understood. Postshock mesenteric lymph returning to the systemic circulation is rich in arachidonic acid, the substrate of 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5). ALOX5 is the rate-limiting enzyme in leukotriene synthesis and, following T/HS, contributes to the development of lung dysfunction. ALOX5 colocalizes with its cofactor, 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (ALOX5AP), which is thought to potentiate ALOX5 synthetic activity. We hypothesized that T/HS results in the molecular association and nuclear colocalization of ALOX5 and ALOX5AP, which ultimately increases leukotriene production and potentiates lung injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS To examine these molecular interactions, a rat T/HS model was used. Post-T/HS tissue was evaluated for lung injury through both histologic analysis of lung sections and biochemical analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Lung tissue was immunostained for ALOX5 and ALOX5AP with association and colocalization evaluated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. In addition, rats undergoing T/HS were treated with MK-886, a known ALOX5AP inhibitor. RESULTS ALOX5 levels increase and ALOX5/ALOX5AP association occurred after T/HS, as evidenced by increases in total tissue fluorescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer signal intensity, respectively. These findings coincided with increased leukotriene production and with the histological changes characteristic of lung injury. ALOX5/ALOX5AP complex formation, leukotriene production, and lung injury were decreased after inhibition of ALOX5AP with MK-886. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the association of ALOX5/ALOX5AP contributes to leukotriene-induced inflammation and predisposes the T/HS animal to lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey R Nunns
- School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Trauma Research Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - John R Stringham
- School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Trauma Research Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Fabia Gamboni
- School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Trauma Research Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ernest E Moore
- School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Trauma Research Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Denver Health Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Denver, Colorado
| | - Miguel Fragoso
- School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Trauma Research Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Denver Health Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Denver, Colorado
| | - Gregory R Stettler
- School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Trauma Research Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christopher C Silliman
- School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Trauma Research Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics-Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Research Laboratory, Bonfils Blood Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Trauma Research Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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Tian W, Jiang X, Tamosiuniene R, Sung YK, Qian J, Dhillon G, Gera L, Farkas L, Rabinovitch M, Zamanian RT, Inayathullah M, Fridlib M, Rajadas J, Peters-Golden M, Voelkel NF, Nicolls MR. Blocking macrophage leukotriene b4 prevents endothelial injury and reverses pulmonary hypertension. Sci Transl Med 2014; 5:200ra117. [PMID: 23986401 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious condition that affects mainly young and middle-aged women, and its etiology is poorly understood. A prominent pathological feature of PH is accumulation of macrophages near the arterioles of the lung. In both clinical tissue and the SU5416 (SU)/athymic rat model of severe PH, we found that the accumulated macrophages expressed high levels of leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), the biosynthetic enzyme for leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Moreover, macrophage-derived LTB4 directly induced apoptosis in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). Further, LTB4 induced proliferation and hypertrophy of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. We found that LTB4 acted through its receptor, BLT1, to induce PAEC apoptosis by inhibiting the protective endothelial sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1)-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway. Blocking LTA4H decreased in vivo LTB4 levels, prevented PAEC apoptosis, restored Sphk1-eNOS signaling, and reversed fulminant PH in the SU/athymic rat model of PH. Antagonizing BLT1 similarly reversed established PH. Inhibition of LTB4 biosynthesis or signal transduction in SU-treated athymic rats with established disease also improved cardiac function and reopened obstructed arterioles; this approach was also effective in the monocrotaline model of severe PH. Human plexiform lesions, one hallmark of PH, showed increased numbers of macrophages, which expressed LTA4H, and patients with connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension exhibited significantly higher LTB4 concentrations in the systemic circulation than did healthy subjects. These results uncover a possible role for macrophage-derived LTB4 in PH pathogenesis and identify a pathway that may be amenable to therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System/Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Flamand L, Tremblay MJ, Borgeat P. Leukotriene B4 triggers the in vitro and in vivo release of potent antimicrobial agents. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:8036-45. [PMID: 17548641 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.12.8036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) is a bioactive lipid derived from the metabolism of arachidonic acid. Mainly produced by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and macrophages, LTB(4) triggers several functional responses important in host defense, including the secretion of lysosomal enzymes, the activation of NADPH oxidase activity, NO formation, and phagocytosis. We report that LTB(4), but not structural analogs thereof, stimulates primed human PMN to release molecules having potent antimicrobial activities. Exposure of bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) or viruses (herpes simplex virus type 1 and HIV type 1) to supernatants of LTB(4)-activated PMN led to > or =90% reduction in infectivity. ELISA and mass spectroscopy analysis of proteins released from LTB(4)-activated PMN have identified several antimicrobial proteins, including alpha-defensins, cathepsin G, elastase, lysozyme C, and LL-37, that are likely to participate in the killing of microorganisms. In addition to these in vitro observations, i.v. injections of LTB(4) (50 microg/kg) to monkeys led to an increase in alpha-defensin plasmatic levels and enhanced ex vivo antimicrobial activities of plasma. These results demonstrate the ability of LTB(4) to cause the release of potent antimicrobial agents from PMN in vitro as well as in vivo and add further support to the important role of LTB(4) in host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Flamand
- Rheumatology and Immunology Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de Québec Research Center, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada.
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Celardo A, Dell'Elba G, Manarini S, Evangelista V, de Gaetano G, Cerletti C. Kinetic evaluation of endogenous leukotriene B4 and E4 acute activation of inflammatory cells in the rabbit. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2000; 469:437-41. [PMID: 10667365 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4793-8_64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Celardo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Department of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, S. Maria Imbaro, Italy
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Przylipiak A, Hafner J, Przylipiak J, Runnebaum B, Rabe T, Köhn FM. Influence of leukotrienes on in vitro growth of human mammary carcinoma cell line MCF-7. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-2115(97)00217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- C Denzlinger
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany
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