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Yoon P, Murakami K, Athanasiadi I, Rancilio NJ. Palliative radiation therapy as a treatment for feline urinary bladder masses in four cats. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:e655-e660. [PMID: 36350585 PMCID: PMC10812335 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221124127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
CASE SERIES SUMMARY Urinary bladder masses in four cats were treated with palliative radiation therapy (RT). Three cats were previously diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD): International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage 2 in two cats and IRIS stage 3 in one cat. One cat had a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and inflammatory bowel disease. Three cats had urinary tract infections diagnosed by urine culture and susceptibility testing prior to or during treatment. All patients had urine cytospin cytology performed; one case showed suspect urothelial carcinoma and three had no cytological evidence of neoplasia. All clients declined further sampling from the bladder masses. Therefore, cytologic/histologic diagnosis in all cases was not available. An abdominal ultrasound was performed in all cats, which revealed urinary bladder mass(es) prior to referral for RT. Three cats had pretreatment thoracic radiographs, which revealed no evidence of pulmonary metastasis. An abdominal CT was performed in all cases and one case had thoracic CT performed for staging. The thoracic CT showed a focal lesion of unknown etiology in the right caudal lung lobe. Palliative RT was performed with four weekly 6 Gy fractions (24 Gy in total). The urinary signs in all cats resolved over the course of RT: after the first RT treatment in two cats and after the second RT treatment in two cats. There were two Veterinary Radiation Therapy Oncology Group grade 1 gastrointestinal and one grade 2 genitourinary acute RT side effects. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION This is the first report in the literature of a standardized RT protocol as a treatment option for feline urinary bladder masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Yoon
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Keiko Murakami
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ilektra Athanasiadi
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Nowak Ł, Krajewski W, Małkiewicz B, Szydełko T, Pawlak A. Characteristics and Applications of Canine In Vitro Models of Bladder Cancer in Veterinary Medicine: An Up-to-Date Mini Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040516. [PMID: 35203224 PMCID: PMC8868259 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bladder cancer (BC) in dogs is often lethal at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, there is a constant need for novel research on improvements of its characterization and treatment. Due to high cost and limited number of available dog patients, in vitro models of canine BC have been increasingly used for the last 25 years. In the present article, we present existing in vitro models of canine BC, including available simple (two-dimensional) and more complex (three-dimensional) models. Abstract Bladder cancer (BC) constitutes approximately 2% of all spontaneously occurring cancers in dogs. It is characterized by a devastating clinical course in most cases, which emphasizes a constant need for the development of novel methods of disease characterization and treatment. Over the past years, advances in cell engineering have resulted in the development of various canine in vitro models of BC, emerging as complements for in vivo research. In this article, we aimed to review the available data on existing in vitro models of canine BC, focusing primarily on their characteristics, applications in veterinary medicine, as well as advantages and disadvantages. The most commonly used in vitro models of canine BC comprise immortalized cell lines grown as adherent monolayers. They provide an unlimited supply of research material, however, they do not faithfully reflect the conditions prevailing in vivo, since the spatial cellular interactions are lost. The importance of the three-dimensional (3D) features of solid tumors in relation to carcinogenesis or drug response process has resulted in the development of the first canine 3D models of BC available for in vitro research. So far, results obtained with in vitro and in vivo research should be interpreted together. With the constantly growing complexity of in vitro models of BC cancer, animal-based research might be reduced in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Nowak
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.K.); (B.M.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: (Ł.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Wojciech Krajewski
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.K.); (B.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Bartosz Małkiewicz
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.K.); (B.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomasz Szydełko
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.K.); (B.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (Ł.N.); (A.P.)
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Malfassi L, Fidanzio F, Sala M, Marcarini S, Mazza G, Carrara N, Pavesi S, Gnudi G, Urso G, Dolera M. A combined protocol with piroxicam, chemotherapy, and whole pelvic irradiation with simultaneous boost volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy for muscle-invasive canine urinary transitional cell carcinoma: First clinical experience. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 83:695-704. [PMID: 32963177 PMCID: PMC8111339 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this pilot study were to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of high-dose hypofractionated volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) applied to whole pelvic region radiotherapy (WPRT) with multilevel simultaneous integrated boost (MLSIB) combined with piroxicam and chemotherapy for the treatment of canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the lower urinary tract with muscle invasion TCC. Twelve dogs were enrolled, according to stage, in two groups: group 1, TCC confined to the urinary tract; group 2, TCC with metastasis. The planning target volume dose was tailored from 36 to 42 Gy in 6 fractions. All dogs were prescribed piroxicam and radiosensitizing carboplatin, and six received chemotherapy after radiotherapy. Serial follow-ups with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed. Disease control and toxicity effects were evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors and Veterinary Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. The treatment was well tolerated, and no high-grade side effects were reported. The median overall survival times for groups 1 and 2 were 1,230 and 150 days, respectively. A considerable percentage of patients in group1 (50%) were still alive at the time of writing this paper, and a longer follow-up could enable a more accurate survival analysis. This preliminary analysis shows that VMAT applied to the WPRT with MLSIB is an effective and safe option for dogs with lower urinary TCC, although the presence of metastases worsens the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Malfassi
- "La Cittadina" Foundation for Veterinary Studies and Research, Road to the "La cittadina", 26014, Romanengo (Cr), Italy
| | - Francesca Fidanzio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Parma, Taglio 8 road, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Sala
- "La Cittadina" Foundation for Veterinary Studies and Research, Road to the "La cittadina", 26014, Romanengo (Cr), Italy
| | - Silvia Marcarini
- "La Cittadina" Foundation for Veterinary Studies and Research, Road to the "La cittadina", 26014, Romanengo (Cr), Italy
| | - Giovanni Mazza
- "La Cittadina" Foundation for Veterinary Studies and Research, Road to the "La cittadina", 26014, Romanengo (Cr), Italy
| | - Nancy Carrara
- "La Cittadina" Foundation for Veterinary Studies and Research, Road to the "La cittadina", 26014, Romanengo (Cr), Italy
| | - Simone Pavesi
- "La Cittadina" Foundation for Veterinary Studies and Research, Road to the "La cittadina", 26014, Romanengo (Cr), Italy
| | - Giacomo Gnudi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Parma, Taglio 8 road, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Gaetano Urso
- Medical Physics Department, Local Health Authority of Lodi, A. Fleming 1 road, 26841, Casalpusterlengo (Lo), Italy
| | - Mario Dolera
- "La Cittadina" Foundation for Veterinary Studies and Research, Road to the "La cittadina", 26014, Romanengo (Cr), Italy
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Abstract
Primary renal tumors are an uncommon diagnosis in small animals. Presentation, treatment, and prognosis depend on tumor type. Surgery with or without chemotherapy are the mainstays of treatment. Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common tumor of the urinary system. Clinical signs include hematuria, stranguria, and pollakiuria. Metastatic disease can develop over time within medial iliac lymph nodes, lungs, and vertebrae. Treatment of transitional cell carcinoma centers on chemotherapy with mitoxantrone, vinblastine, or carboplatin. Other agents used with success, include toceranib phosphate and chlorambucil. Interventional surgery, such as stenting and laser ablation, is used in a palliative setting addressing urinary obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Elaine Burgess
- Department of Clinical Science, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
| | - Carol J DeRegis
- Piper Memorial Veterinary Center, 730 Randolph Road, Middletown, CT 06457, USA
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Abbasian M, Baharlouei A, Arab-Bafrani Z, Lightfoot DA. Combination of gold nanoparticles with low-LET irradiation: an approach to enhance DNA DSB induction in HT29 colorectal cancer stem-like cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:97-107. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Meier V, Besserer J, Roos M, Rohrer Bley C. A complication probability study for a definitive‐intent, moderately hypofractionated image‐guided intensity‐modulated radiotherapy protocol for anal sac adenocarcinoma in dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 17:21-31. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Meier
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Small Animal Department, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Malgorzata Roos
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Carla Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Small Animal Department, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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Nolan MW, Dobson JM. The future of radiotherapy in small animals - should the fractions be coarse or fine? J Small Anim Pract 2018; 59:521-530. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. W. Nolan
- Department of Clinical Sciences; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27607 USA
| | - J. M. Dobson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB3 0ES UK
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Rippy SB, Gardner HL, Nguyen SM, Warry EE, Portela RA, Drost WT, Hostnik ET, Green EM, Chew DJ, Peng J, London CA. A pilot study of toceranib/vinblastine therapy for canine transitional cell carcinoma. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:257. [PMID: 27855679 PMCID: PMC5114733 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Effective therapies for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) are limited, with objective response rates to most chemotherapeutic regimens below 20%. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biologic activity of combined toceranib phosphate and vinblastine chemotherapy for treatment of TCC. A secondary objective was to compare the utility of Computed Tomography (CT) and abdominal ultrasound (AUS) in tumor response assessments. Results Dogs with TCC received vinblastine at 1.6 mg/m2 every 2 weeks and toceranib at 2.5–2.75 mg/kg on Monday/Wednesday/Friday. Tumor monitoring was achieved through CT and AUS. Five patients completed the 16-week study. Based on AUS assessments, 3 dogs experienced biologic response to therapy including partial responses (PR, n = 2) and stable disease (SD, n = 1). Based on CT, 5 dogs experienced a biologic response (n = 2 PR, n = 3 SD). Both imaging modalities (ultrasound and CT) were found to provide repeatable measurements between operators, however agreement between operator measurements was greater when CT images were used to assess tumor size. Conclusions The combination of toceranib and vinblastine did not result in improved response rates. While agreement in tumor volume assessments between both AUS and CT were excellent between operators, this did not extend to assessment of tumor response. The higher rate of concordance between operators when assessing response to treatment with CT suggests that CT should be considered for future clinical trials involving canine bladder TCC to improve the accuracy and repeatability of tumor measurement. The data suggest that response to therapy as assessed by AUS or CT do not predict duration of clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather L Gardner
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Emma E Warry
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - William Tod Drost
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Eric T Hostnik
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Eric M Green
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dennis J Chew
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cheryl A London
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical and Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 454 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Choy K, Fidel J. TOLERABILITY AND TUMOR RESPONSE OF A NOVEL LOW-DOSE PALLIATIVE RADIATION THERAPY PROTOCOL IN DOGS WITH TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE BLADDER AND URETHRA. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 57:341-51. [PMID: 26841125 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously reported radiation protocols for transitional cell carcinoma of the canine lower urinary tract have been ineffective or associated with increased side effects. Objectives of this retrospective, cross-sectional study were to describe safety of and tumor responses for a novel palliative radiation protocol for transitional cell carcinoma in dogs. Included dogs had cytologically or histologically confirmed transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder or urethra, and were treated with 10 once-daily fractions (Monday-Friday) of 2.7 Gy. Thirteen dogs were sampled, with six treated using radiation as first-line (induction) therapy and seven treated using radiation as rescue therapy after failing previous chemotherapy. Within 6 weeks of radiation, 7.6% (1/13) dogs had a complete response, 53.8% (7/13) partial response, 38.5% (5/13) stable disease, and none had progressive disease. Three patients presenting with urethral obstruction had spontaneous micturition restored during the treatment protocol. A single patient with unilateral ureteral obstruction was patent at recheck examination. Median survival time from time of initial diagnosis was 179 days. Median survival time from start of radiation was 150 days. Acute radiation side effects occurred in 31% (4/13) patients and were classified as grade 1 or 2. No significant late side radiation side effects were reported. No variables examined were identified as prognostic factors. Findings indicated that the reported radiation protocol was safe in this sample of dogs with bladder and urethral transitional cell carcinoma. Future prospective studies are needed to determine utility of this treatment as a rescue therapy in patients with complete urinary tract obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Choy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, WA, 99163
| | - Janean Fidel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, WA, 99163
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Nolan M, Kogan L, Griffin L, Custis J, Harmon J, Biller B, LaRue S. Intensity-Modulated and Image-Guided Radiation Therapy for Treatment of Genitourinary Carcinomas in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:987-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M.W. Nolan
- Department of Environmental and Radiologic Health Sciences
| | - L. Kogan
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Fort Collins; CO
| | - L.R. Griffin
- Department of Environmental and Radiologic Health Sciences
| | - J.T. Custis
- Department of Environmental and Radiologic Health Sciences
| | - J.F. Harmon
- Bon Secours Cancer Institute; Richmond Radiation Cancer Center; Henrico; VA
| | - B.J. Biller
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Fort Collins; CO
| | - S.M. LaRue
- Department of Environmental and Radiologic Health Sciences
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