1
|
Leierer J, Salib M, Evgeniou M, Rossignol P, Massy ZA, Kratochwill K, Mayer G, Fellström B, Girerd N, Zannad F, Perco P. Identification of endophenotypes supporting outcome prediction in hemodialysis patients based on mechanistic markers of statin treatment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30709. [PMID: 38765135 PMCID: PMC11098839 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Statins are widely used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis have significantly increased risk of developing CVD. Statin treatment in these patients however did not show a statistically significant benefit in large trials on a patient cohort level. Methods We generated gene expression profiles for statins to investigate the impact on cellular programs in human renal proximal tubular cells and mesangial cells in-vitro. We subsequently selected biomarkers from key statin-affected molecular pathways and assessed these biomarkers in plasma samples from the AURORA cohort, a double-blind, randomized, multi-center study of patients on hemodialysis or hemofiltration that have been treated with rosuvastatin. Patient clusters (phenotypes) were created based on the identified biomarkers using Latent Class Model clustering and the associations with outcome for the generated phenotypes were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The multivariable models were adjusted for clinical and biological covariates based on previously published data in AURORA. Results The impact of statin treatment on mesangial cells was larger as compared with tubular cells with a large overlap of differentially expressed genes identified for atorvastatin and rosuvastatin indicating a predominant drug class effect. Affected molecular pathways included TGFB-, TNF-, and MAPK-signaling and focal adhesion among others. Four patient clusters were identified based on the baseline plasma concentrations of the eight biomarkers. Phenotype 1 was characterized by low to medium levels of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and high levels of interleukin 6 (IL6) or matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and it was significantly associated with outcome showing increased risk of developing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or cardiovascular death. Phenotype 2 had high HGF but low Fas cell surface death receptor (FAS) levels and it was associated with significantly better outcome at 1 year. Conclusions In this translational study, we identified patient subgroups based on mechanistic markers of statin therapy that are associated with disease outcome in patients on hemodialysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Leierer
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Madonna Salib
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques- 1433, and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Michail Evgeniou
- Medical University of Vienna, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques- 1433, and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
- Medical Specialties and Nephrology departments, Princess Grace Hospital, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Ziad A. Massy
- Association pour l'Utilisation du Rein Artificiel (AURA) Paris and Department of Nephrology, CHU Ambroise Paré, APHP, 92104, Boulogne Billancourt, and Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), University Paris-Saclay, University Versailles-Saint Quentin, Inserm UMRS, 1018, Clinical Epidemiology Team, Villejuif, France
| | - Klaus Kratochwill
- Medical University of Vienna, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Mayer
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bengt Fellström
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Girerd
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques- 1433, and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques- 1433, and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Paul Perco
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma Q, Xu G. Causal association between cardiovascular proteins and membranous nephropathy: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization. Int Urol Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s11255-024-04004-w. [PMID: 38493415 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-04004-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple circulating proteins have been reported to participate in human diseases. However, the association between cardiovascular proteins and membranous nephropathy (MN) remained profoundly elusive. METHODS A bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to explore the causal correlation between ninety cardiovascular proteins and MN. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of cardiovascular proteins and MN were all from European research. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used as the main approach. Moreover, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode were also performed. Cochrane's Q test, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO were conducted for sensitivity analysis. RESULTS According to IVW method, fatty acid-binding protein and thrombomodulin (TM) were identified as risk factors for MN, while a protective role was detected in tissue-type plasminogen activator. Additionally, MN was associated with an elevated level of macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1, stem cell factor, TM, and tissue factor. Reversely, MN was also correlated with a downregulated level of beta-nerve growth factor, Cathepsin D, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha, macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1, and myeloperoxidase. In the sensitivity analysis, no significant pleiotropy and heterogeneity was detected. CONCLUSION This was the first study to reveal the causal association between cardiovascular proteins and MN. These specific cardiovascular proteins could be novel biomarkers for MN, and is helpful for timely identify the risk of other diseases that might result from MN. However, further clinical studies are needed to confirm our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaosi Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghosh A, Sarmah P, Patel H, Mukerjee N, Mishra R, Alkahtani S, Varma RS, Baishya D. Nonlinear molecular dynamics of quercetin in Gynocardia odorata and Diospyros malabarica fruits: Its mechanistic role in hepatoprotection. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263917. [PMID: 35313329 PMCID: PMC8936497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver performs number of critical physiological functions in human system. Intoxication of liver leads to accumulation of free radicals that eventually cause damage, fibrosis, cirrhosis and cancer. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) belongs to hepatotoxin is converted to a highly reactive free radical by cytochrome P450 enzymes that causes liver damage. Plant extracts derived quercetin has substantial role in hepatoprotection. This study highlights the possible mechanism by which quercetin plays significant role in hepatoprotection. HPLC analysis revealed the abundance of quercetin in the fruit extracts of Gynocardia odorata and Diospyros malabarica, were isolated, purified and subjected to liver function analysis on Wistar rats. Post quercetin treatment improved liver function parameters in the hepatotoxic Wistar rats by augmenting bilirubin content, SGOT and SGPT activity. Gene expression profile of quercetin treated rats revealed down regulation of HGF, TIMP1 and MMP2 expressed during CCl4 induction. In silico molecular mechanism prediction suggested that quercetin has a high affinity for cell signaling pathway proteins BCL-2, JAK2 and Cytochrome P450 Cyp2E1, which all play a significant role in CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity. In silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation have shown that quercetin has a plausible affinity for major signaling proteins in liver. MMGBSA studies have revealed high binding of quercetin (ΔG) -41.48±11.02, -43.53±6.55 and -39.89±5.78 kcal/mol, with BCL-2, JAK2 and Cyp2E1, respectively which led to better stability of the quercetin bound protein complexes. Therefore, quercetin can act as potent inhibitor against CCl4 induced hepatic injury by regulating BCL-2, JAK2 and Cyp2E1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arabinda Ghosh
- Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Pranjal Sarmah
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Harun Patel
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharastra, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology; Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Khardaha, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajbardhan Mishra
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: (DB); (SA)
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Debabrat Baishya
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
- * E-mail: (DB); (SA)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baum E, Maćkowiak B, Sosińska-Zawierucha P, Pawlaczyk K, Kołodziejczak B, Breborowicz A. Higher Serum Hepatocyte Growth Factor Concentration is Associated with Better Preservation of GFR in Hemodialysis Patients. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:1175-1182. [PMID: 29227979 DOI: 10.1159/000485864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hemodialysis induces an intravascular inflammatory reaction which may further deteriorate renal function. We studied changes of serum interleukin 6 (IL6) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) concentrations during dialysis sessions, and at 12 month intervals. The synthesis of these cytokines in arterial endothelial cells in the presence of serum obtained from dialyzed patients was studied. Changes of the inflammatory reaction during 12 months of treatment were correlated with GFR. METHODS The study was performed on a group of 30 uremic patients treated with hemodialysis. Serum samples were collected before the start of dialysis, 15 minutes, and 4 hours later, when the session was finished. Serum levels of IL6 and HGF were measured with ELISA, as was the effect of serum samples on the synthesis of these cytokines in arterial endothelial cells. RESULTS At baseline hemodialysis induced an increase of serum IL6 (+10%) and HGF (+164%) levels at the end of the session. After 12 months of treatment predialysis serum IL 6 level was increased as compared to the beginning of the study (+22%), but no change in serum HGF level was observed. At that time the dialysis-induced rise of serum IL6 level was stronger than at the start (+18%), but the observed effect for HGF was weaker (+116%). An inverse correlation was observed between the dialysis-induced increase of HGF level and decrease of GFR after 12 months of study. The same relation was seen for HGF synthesis in the endothelium, but opposite for IL6 synthesis in the endothelium. CONCLUSIONS We found that a higher HGF serum level during hemodialysis treatment is associated with a slower loss of residual renal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Baum
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.,Department of Philosophy of Medicine and Bioethics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Maćkowiak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Pawlaczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Barbara Kołodziejczak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Breborowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Revill P, Locarnini S. Antiviral strategies to eliminate hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 30:144-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
6
|
Nlandu Khodo S, Neelisetty S, Woodbury L, Green E, Harris RC, Zent R, Gewin L. Deleting the TGF-β receptor in proximal tubules impairs HGF signaling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F499-510. [PMID: 26739889 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00446.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) play key roles in regulating the response to renal injury but are thought to mediate divergent effects on cell behavior. However, how TGF-β signaling alters the response to HGF in epithelia, the key site of HGF signaling in the injured kidney, is not well studied. Contrary to our expectation, we showed that deletion of the TGF-β type II receptor in conditionally immortalized proximal tubule (PT) cells impaired HGF-dependent signaling. This reduced signaling was due to decreased transcription of c-Met, the HGF receptor, and the TGF-β-dependent c-Met transcription and increased response to HGF in PT cells were mediated by the Notch pathway. The interactions of TGF-β, HGF, and Notch pathways had biologically significant effects on branching morphogenesis, cell morphology, migration, and proliferation. In conclusion, epithelial TGF-β signaling promotes HGF signaling in a Notch-dependent pathway. These findings suggest that TGF-β modulates PT responses not only by direct effects, but also by affecting other growth factor signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stellor Nlandu Khodo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Surekha Neelisetty
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Luke Woodbury
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth Green
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Leslie Gewin
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Revill P, Locarnini S. The Basis for Antiviral Therapy: Drug Targets, Cross-Resistance, and Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors. MOLECULAR AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22330-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
8
|
Mao S, Zhang J. The emerging role of hepatocyte growth factor in renal diseases. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2015; 36:303-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2015.1080275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
9
|
Sonnenberg SB, Rane AA, Liu CJ, Rao N, Agmon G, Suarez S, Wang R, Munoz A, Bajaj V, Zhang S, Braden R, Schup-Magoffin PJ, Kwan OL, DeMaria AN, Cochran JR, Christman KL. Delivery of an engineered HGF fragment in an extracellular matrix-derived hydrogel prevents negative LV remodeling post-myocardial infarction. Biomaterials 2015; 45:56-63. [PMID: 25662495 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to have anti-fibrotic, pro-angiogenic, and cardioprotective effects; however, it is highly unstable and expensive to manufacture, hindering its clinical translation. Recently, a HGF fragment (HGF-f), an alternative c-MET agonist, was engineered to possess increased stability and recombinant expression yields. In this study, we assessed the potential of HGF-f, delivered in an extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived hydrogel, as a potential treatment for myocardial infarction (MI). HGF-f protected cardiomyocytes from serum-starvation and induced down-regulation of fibrotic markers in whole cardiac cell isolate compared to the untreated control. The ECM hydrogel prolonged release of HGF-f compared to collagen gels, and in vivo delivery of HGF-f from ECM hydrogels mitigated negative left ventricular (LV) remodeling, improved fractional area change (FAC), and increased arteriole density in a rat myocardial infarction model. These results indicate that HGF-f may be a viable alternative to using recombinant HGF, and that an ECM hydrogel can be employed to increase growth factor retention and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonya B Sonnenberg
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aboli A Rane
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cassie J Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nikhil Rao
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gillie Agmon
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sophia Suarez
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Raymond Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adam Munoz
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vaibhav Bajaj
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shirley Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Braden
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pamela J Schup-Magoffin
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Oi Ling Kwan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anthony N DeMaria
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Cochran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karen L Christman
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kellenberger T, Marcussen N, Nyengaard JR, Wogensen L, Jespersen B. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and hepatocyte growth factor in development of fibrosis in the transplanted kidney. Transpl Int 2014; 28:180-90. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Terese Kellenberger
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology; Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Pathology; Odense University Hospital; Odense C Denmark
| | - Jens R. Nyengaard
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory; Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging; Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Lise Wogensen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology; Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Bente Jespersen
- Department of Renal Medicine; Aarhus University Hospital; Skejby Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang J, Gu C, Noble NA, Border WA, Huang Y. Combining angiotensin II blockade and renin receptor inhibition results in enhanced antifibrotic effect in experimental nephritis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 301:F723-32. [PMID: 21795644 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00271.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited antifibrotic effect of therapeutic angiotensin blockade, the fact that angiotensin blockade dramatically elevates renin levels, and recent evidence that renin has an angiotensin-independent, receptor-mediated profibrotic action led us to hypothesize that combining renin receptor inhibition and ANG II blockade would increase the antifibrotic effect of angiotensin blockade alone. Using cultured nephritic glomeruli from rats with anti-Thy-1-induced glomerulonephritis, the maximally effective dose of enalaprilate was determined to be 10(-4) M, which reduced mRNAs for transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, fibronectin (FN), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) by 49, 65, and 56% and production of TGF-β1 and FN proteins by 60 and 49%, respectively. Disease alone caused 6.8-fold increases in ANG II levels that were reduced 64% with enalaprilate. In contrast, two- and threefold disease-induced increases in renin mRNA and activity were further increased 2- and 3.7-fold with 10(-4) M enalaprilate treatment. Depressing the renin receptor by 80% with small interfering (si) RNA alone reduced fibrotic markers in a manner remarkably similar to enalaprilate alone but had no effect on glomerular renin expression. Enalaprilate and siRNA combination therapy further reduced disease markers. Notably, elevated TGF-β1 and FN production was reduced by 73 and 81%, respectively. These results support the notion of a receptor-mediated profibrotic action of renin, suggest that the limited effectiveness of ANG II blockade may be due, at least in part, to the elevated renin they induce, and support our hypothesis that adding renin receptor inhibitor to ANG II blockade in patients may have therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Zhang
- Fibrosis Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Etiopathology of chronic tubular, glomerular and renovascular nephropathies: clinical implications. J Transl Med 2011; 9:13. [PMID: 21251296 PMCID: PMC3034700 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) comprises a group of pathologies in which the renal excretory function is chronically compromised. Most, but not all, forms of CKD are progressive and irreversible, pathological syndromes that start silently (i.e. no functional alterations are evident), continue through renal dysfunction and ends up in renal failure. At this point, kidney transplant or dialysis (renal replacement therapy, RRT) becomes necessary to prevent death derived from the inability of the kidneys to cleanse the blood and achieve hydroelectrolytic balance. Worldwide, nearly 1.5 million people need RRT, and the incidence of CKD has increased significantly over the last decades. Diabetes and hypertension are among the leading causes of end stage renal disease, although autoimmunity, renal atherosclerosis, certain infections, drugs and toxins, obstruction of the urinary tract, genetic alterations, and other insults may initiate the disease by damaging the glomerular, tubular, vascular or interstitial compartments of the kidneys. In all cases, CKD eventually compromises all these structures and gives rise to a similar phenotype regardless of etiology. This review describes with an integrative approach the pathophysiological process of tubulointerstitial, glomerular and renovascular diseases, and makes emphasis on the key cellular and molecular events involved. It further analyses the key mechanisms leading to a merging phenotype and pathophysiological scenario as etiologically distinct diseases progress. Finally clinical implications and future experimental and therapeutic perspectives are discussed.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ding W, Sun S, Zhen J, Yu Y. Urinary excretion and renal production of hepatocyte growth factor in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. J Int Med Res 2011; 38:1933-41. [PMID: 21226996 DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study measured urinary excretion and renal levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), examining the relationship between HGF, proteinuria and renal pathological changes. Seventy-eight patients with HSP aged 6 - 18 years were divided into three groups, based on urinary albumin excretion rate. Urinary HGF concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Renal biopsies were performed in 22 patients; renal levels of HGF protein were determined immunohistochemically. Compared with controls, urinary HGF was significantly increased in patients with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria, especially in those with microalbuminuria; no differences were observed between patients with macroalbuminuria and controls. Little or no HGF was present in normal kidney, but HGF was present in renal tissue in all HSP patients, particularly those with microalbuminuria. Urinary HGF was strongly correlated with the presence of renal HGF. These results suggest that HGF is associated with proteinuria and renal pathological changes in children with HSP. The detection of urinary HGF in children with HSP may be a non-invasive, effective, method for early diagnosis of renal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Ding
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ruvinov E, Leor J, Cohen S. The effects of controlled HGF delivery from an affinity-binding alginate biomaterial on angiogenesis and blood perfusion in a hindlimb ischemia model. Biomaterials 2010; 31:4573-82. [PMID: 20206988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing tissue self-repair through the use of active acellular biomaterials is one of the main goals of regenerative medicine. We now describe the features of an injectable alginate biomaterial designed to affinity-bind heparin-binding proteins and release them at a rate reflected by their association constant to alginate-sulfate. The interactions of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) with alginate-sulfate resulted in factor protection from proteolysis, as shown by mass spectroscopy analysis after trypsin digestion. When the HGF/alginate-sulfate bioconjugate was incorporated into alginate hydrogel, HGF release was sustained by a factor of 3, as compared to the release rate from non-modified hydrogel. The released factor retained activity, as shown by its induction of ERK1/2 activation and affording cytoprotection in rat neonatal cardiomyocyte cultures. In vivo, an injectable form of the affinity-binding alginate system extended by 10-fold, as compared to a saline-treated group, retention of HGF in myocardial tissue when delivered immediately after myocardial infarction. In a severe murine hindlimb ischemia model, HGF delivery from the affinity-binding system improved tissue blood perfusion and induced mature blood vessel network formation. The therapeutic efficacy of the affinity-binding system, as well as its ease of delivery by injection, provides a proof-of-concept for the potential use of this bioactive biomaterial strategy in cardiovascular repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Ruvinov
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zuo C, Xie XS, Qiu HY, Deng Y, Zhu D, Fan JM. Astragalus mongholicus ameliorates renal fibrosis by modulating HGF and TGF-beta in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2009; 10:380-90. [PMID: 19434765 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b0820230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus mongholicus (AM) derived from the dry root of Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine. The present study investigated the potential role of AM on renal fibrosis on a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). We divided 48 Sprague-Dawley rats randomly into 4 groups: sham-operated group (Sham), untreated UUO group, AM-treated (10 g/(kg x d)) UUO group, and losartan-treated (20 mg/(kg x d)) UUO group as positive control. Haematoxylin & eosin (HE) and Masson staining were used to study the dynamic histological changes of the kidneys 7 and 14 d after operation. The expressions of fibronectin (FN), type I collagen (colI), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry staining, and Western blot. Results show that, similar to losartan, AM alleviated the renal damage and decreased the deposition of FN and colI from UUO by reducing the expressions of TGF-beta1 and alpha-SMA (P<0.05), whereas HGF increased greatly with AM treatment (P<0.05). Our findings reveal that AM could retard the progression of renal fibrosis. The renoprotective effect of AM might be related to inhibition of myofibroblast activation, inducing of HGF and reducing of TGF-beta1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zuo
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Esposito C, Parrilla B, Cornacchia F, Grosjean F, Mangione F, Serpieri N, Valentino R, Villa L, Arra M, Esposito V, Dal Canton A. The antifibrogenic effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on renal tubular (HK-2) cells is dependent on cell growth. Growth Factors 2009; 27:173-80. [PMID: 19301208 DOI: 10.1080/08977190902834077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although several reports suggest an antifibrogenic effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), an increased deposition of matrix induced by HGF has also been reported. These conflicting effects could result from a diverse proliferative state of the target cells. Aim of the present study was to evaluate HGF effects on growth arrested (quiescent) and actively proliferating renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. HK-2 cells were cultured in RPMI medium either on agarose gel or on plastic surface in order to inhibit or to allow cell proliferation. Cells were incubated with RPMI containing HGF (50 ng/ml) for 24 h at 37 degrees C. Untreated HK-2 were used as control. After 24 h of incubation, cells were counted by Coulter counter. (alpha2)IV collagen, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases (TIMP1 and 2) mRNA levels were determined by RT-PCR. The production of type IV collagen, c-met, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and SnoN, a transcriptional Smad corepressor and thus a TGF-beta inhibitor, was evaluated by ELISA or western blotting. MMP-9 and 2 gelatinolytic activity was studied by zymography. Treatment with HGF did not increase HK-2 cell number and PCNA synthesis when the cells were grown on agarose as it did for cells grown on plastic surface. HGF increased (alpha2)IV collagen in proliferating cells whereas it reduced (alpha2)IV collagen and c-met synthesis in growth arrested cells. HGF treatment increased TGF-beta and TIMP-2 in proliferating cells while reduced TIMP-1 mRNA levels of quiescent cells. Furthermore, production of the co repressor SnoN was significantly decreased by HGF in proliferating cells. Quiescent and proliferating HK-2 showed a different pattern of metalloproteases activity with a prevalence of MMP2 in quiescent and MMP9 in proliferating cells. In summary, HGF showed opposite effects on growth arrested and proliferating HK-2 cells favouring matrix deposition in the latter with increasing expression of collagen, TIMP-1 and TGF-beta. Our results demonstrate that the proliferative state of target cells may influence the effects of HGF on extracellular matrix turnover in HK-2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Esposito
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rampino T, Gregorini M, Dal Canton A. Scatter Factors in renal disease: Dr. Jeckyll and Mr. Hyde? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2009; 20:77-85. [PMID: 19201250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Scatter Factors are two homologous proteins, named Scatter Factor/Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Macrophage Stimulating Protein. Their receptors are the products of two oncogenes, Met and Ron, respectively. The Scatter Factors induce movement, stimulate proliferation, regulate apoptosis and are morphogenic, i.e. operate an integrated program that seems tailored to drive organ development and to regenerate injured tissues. On the other hand, Scatter Factors may be responsible for pathologic tissue remodeling, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and tumor growth and diffusion. The review describes the involvement of Scatter Factors in renal disease, including acute renal failure, glomerulonephritis, chronic fibrosing nephropathies, dialysis, renal transplantation and renal tumors, and discusses the double-faced role of Scatter Factors, that play either a protective or a pathogenic role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rampino
- Foundation IRCCS San Matteo Hospital and University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition contributes to renal fibrogenesis, which is regulated by profibrogenic and antifibrogenic mediators. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors can prevent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in some models. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition participates in renal injury in porcine atherosclerotic renovascular disease and can be attenuated by simvastatin. METHODS Renal hemodynamics, function, and endothelial function were quantified in vivo in pigs after 12 weeks of combined hypercholesterolemia + renal artery stenosis without (n = 8) or with oral simvastatin supplementation (1.2 mg/kg, n = 6), and in controls (n = 8). Ex-vivo studies assessed renal immunoreactivity to fibrogenic factors and renal histology. RESULTS Blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and basal renal function were similar in treated and untreated pigs with hypercholesterolemia + renal artery stenosis. Hypercholesterolemia + renal artery stenosis significantly upregulated renal transforming growth factor-beta signaling and elicited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, accompanied by glomerulosclerosis and renal fibrosis. Simvastatin did not affect smad 2/3 expression but upregulated expression of hepatocyte growth factor, bone morphogenetic factor-7, and smad 7 and prevented most of these renal structural and functional alterations. Furthermore, simvastatin improved renal blood flow response to endothelium-dependent challenge (+111.3 +/- 35.5 vs. -30.4 +/- 18.7 ml/min in untreated pigs, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Simvastatin upregulates inhibitors of transforming growth factor-beta signaling, attenuates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and decreases renal fibrosis in hypercholesterolemia + renal artery stenosis. These lipid-lowering-independent effects result in improvement of renal function, suggesting clinically valuable potential for statins in preserving the stenotic kidney and limiting deterioration of renal function in atherosclerotic renovascular disease.
Collapse
|
19
|
Rudnicki M, Eder S, Perco P, Enrich J, Scheiber K, Koppelstätter C, Schratzberger G, Mayer B, Oberbauer R, Meyer TW, Mayer G. Gene expression profiles of human proximal tubular epithelial cells in proteinuric nephropathies. Kidney Int 2006; 71:325-35. [PMID: 17183245 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In kidney disease renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTEC) actively contribute to the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis by mediating both an inflammatory response and via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Using laser capture microdissection we specifically isolated RPTEC from cryosections of the healthy parts of kidneys removed owing to renal cell carcinoma and from kidney biopsies from patients with proteinuric nephropathies. RNA was extracted and hybridized to complementary DNA microarrays after linear RNA amplification. Statistical analysis identified 168 unique genes with known gene ontology association, which separated patients from controls. Besides distinct alterations in signal-transduction pathways (e.g. Wnt signalling), functional annotation revealed a significant upregulation of genes involved in cell proliferation and cell cycle control (like insulin-like growth factor 1 or cell division cycle 34), cell differentiation (e.g. bone morphogenetic protein 7), immune response, intracellular transport and metabolism in RPTEC from patients. On the contrary we found differential expression of a number of genes responsible for cell adhesion (like BH-protocadherin) with a marked downregulation of most of these transcripts. In summary, our results obtained from RPTEC revealed a differential regulation of genes, which are likely to be involved in either pro-fibrotic or tubulo-protective mechanisms in proteinuric patients at an early stage of kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rudnicki
- Division of Nephrology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Striker G. HGF and extracellular matrix turnover in normal human glomeruli ex vivo. Kidney Int 2005; 67:2500-1. [PMID: 15882298 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|