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Piętowska Z, Nowicka D, Szepietowski JC. Understanding Melasma-How Can Pharmacology and Cosmetology Procedures and Prevention Help to Achieve Optimal Treatment Results? A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912084. [PMID: 36231404 PMCID: PMC9564742 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Melasma is a chronic skin condition that involves the overproduction of melanin in areas exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Melasma treatment is long-term and complicated with recurrence and resistance to treatment. The pathogenesis of melasma is highly complex with multiple pathologies occurring outside of the skin pigment cells. It includes photoaging, excessive melanogenesis, an increased number of mast cells, increased vascularization, and basement membrane damage. In addition, skin lesions related to melasma and their surrounding skin have nearly 300 genes differentially expressed from healthy skin. Traditionally, melasma was treated with topical agents, including hydroquinone, tretinoin, glucocorticosteroids and various formulations; however, the current approach includes the topical application of a variety of substances, chemical peels, laser and light treatments, mesotherapy, microneedling and/or the use of systemic therapy. The treatment plan for patients with melasma begins with the elimination of risk factors, strict protection against ultraviolet radiation, and the topical use of lightening agents. Hyperpigmentation treatment alone can be ineffective unless combined with regenerative methods and photoprotection. In this review, we show that in-depth knowledge associated with proper communication and the establishment of a relationship with the patient help to achieve good adherence and compliance in this long-term, time-consuming and difficult procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Piętowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Danuta Nowicka
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacek C. Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
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Odrzywołek W, Deda A, Zdrada J, Wilczyński S, Błońska-Fajfrowska B, Lipka-Trawińska A. Quantitative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Chemical Peelings in Reducing Acne Lesions Based on Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:1873-1882. [PMID: 36117771 PMCID: PMC9480591 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s375131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Acne vulgaris is a chronic, inflammatory disease accompanied by lesions affecting the structure of the skin. Chemical peels are one of the methods of reducing acne vulgaris. There is still a lack of quantitative methods of assessing impact of cosmetic procedure on the skin. Skin condition depends on skin texture characterization; therefore, the analysis that provides data about the textures can be helpful in assessing the effectiveness of cosmetic treatments. Patients and Methods The study involved 24 volunteers with acne lesions. Each participant underwent 4 treatments using chemical peels at two-week intervals. Before, during and after procedure clinical photography were made. To assess effectiveness of chemical peeling in acne lesion reduction, we were used gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) analysis. Qualitative assessment of acne severity was made by 12 experts in dermatology. Results After a series of treatments, the GLCM contrast value decreased in each area of the face, and the GLCM homogeneity value increased, which means that the number of acne lesions was reduced. Expert assessment according to the IGA scale confirms the effectiveness of therapy with both salicylic and glycolic acid and pyruvic acid. Conclusion The results of this study prove that GLCM analysis is a useful tool for assessing the effectiveness of chemical peel treatments. It can also be used for quantitative assessment of skin texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Odrzywołek
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Deda
- Department of Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Julita Zdrada
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sławomir Wilczyński
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Błońska-Fajfrowska
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Lipka-Trawińska
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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3
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Tam C, Khong J, Tam K, Vasilev R, Wu W, Hazany S. A Comprehensive Review of Non-Energy-Based Treatments for Atrophic Acne Scarring. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:455-469. [PMID: 35359828 PMCID: PMC8963193 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s350040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Scarring is a dire consequence of acne vulgaris. Particularly, atrophic acne scarring is highly prevalent among young adults, and its physical and psychological effects can persist throughout their lives if left untreated. This literature review will analyze various non-energy-based approaches to treating atrophic acne scarring, emphasizing recent advances within the last 5 to 10 years. To accomplish this, we performed a PubMed search for various acne scar treatments such as chemical peels, dermabrasion, microdermabrasion, subcision, microneedling, punch techniques, dermal fillers, and thread lifting. Our findings and analysis show that there is no panacean solution to treating atrophic acne scars, which explains the evolving trend towards developing unique combinatorial treatments. Although a fair comparison of each treatment approach is difficult to achieve due to the studies’ varying sample sizes, strength of evidence, treatment execution, etc, there still remains a level of consensus on what treatments are well suited for particular scar types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Tam
- Salar Hazany M.D. Inc, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | | | - Kevin Tam
- Salar Hazany M.D. Inc, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | | | - Wesley Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Improvements in Skin Quality Biological Markers in Skin Explants Using Hyaluronic Acid Filler VYC-12L. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e2723. [PMID: 32537370 PMCID: PMC7253252 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), both crosslinked and uncrosslinked, is used clinically to treat fine lines and provides additional improvements in skin quality attributes. The purpose of this study was to assess potential early differences in the expression of biological markers of skin quality in living human skin explants injected with uncrosslinked and crosslinked HA gels. Methods Living human skin explants injected with VYC-12L or noncrosslinked HA with mannitol (HYD) and noninjected controls were assessed via microscopy, histology, and immunohistochemistry on days 3 and/or 8 for biological markers of elasticity (collagen density, elastin, fibrillin-1) and hydration [aquaporin-3, acidic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), HA]. Hydration was also assessed via a corneometer probe on days 0, 1, 2, and 8. Results On day 3 versus controls, VYC-12L moderately increased collagen density in the upper reticular dermis and clearly increased fibrillin-1 expression, with slight increases persisting on day 8. Increases with HYD were smaller and did not persist on day 8. Both VYC-12L and HYD increased aquaporin-3 expression and GAG content on days 3 and 8, but VYC-12L produced greater GAG increases in the reticular dermis. Day 8 instrument-assessed hydration increased by 49% and 22% for VYC-12L and HYD, respectively. Elastin expression in oxytalan and elaunin fibers was unchanged. Upper-dermal HA reductions suggested HA injection-induced hyaluronidase expression. Conclusion VYC-12L produced greater, more lasting improvements in biological markers of skin quality than HYD.
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Ogilvie P, Thulesen J, Leys C, Sykianakis D, Chantrey J, Safa M, Figueiredo V, Heydenrych I, Cavallini M, Langeland EK, Wetter A. Expert Consensus on Injection Technique and Area-Specific Recommendations for the Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Filler VYC-12L to Treat Fine Cutaneous Lines. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2020; 13:267-274. [PMID: 32308460 PMCID: PMC7152505 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s239667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background VYC-12L is a hyaluronic acid (HA) injectable gel designed to treat fine cutaneous lines and improve skin quality attributes such as hydration and elasticity. Objective Expert consensus was sought on VYC-12L injection technique and primary treatment target areas. Methods A multinational group of aesthetic medicine clinicians (n = 128) attended product training and each identified ~10 patients for VYC-12L. After treating their first and last patients, the clinicians completed a survey on preferred injection methodology/technique, including injection angle, volume, and spacing. An expert panel (n = 12) discussed survey results and their clinical experiences to obtain consensus on VYC-12L technique and appropriate treatment areas. Results Recommendations included micro-depot injections of VYC-12L into the deep dermis with a 32G ½ inch needle inserted at <45º to the skin, spaced 0.5‒1.0 cm apart, with 0.01‒0.05 mL volume per injection (full-face total volume: ~2 mL). Recommended primary treatment areas were the malar, perioral, neck, and décolletage regions. Injection techniques for different treatment areas/demographic characteristics were similar, with some variability in treatment approach. Patient selection criteria, pre- and post-treatment guidelines, and managing patient expectations are important components of treatment. Conclusion These consensus recommendations may assist clinicians in optimizing the treatment of fine lines with VYC-12L.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maurizio Cavallini
- Servizio di Chirurgia Plastica, Centro Diagnostico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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6
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Zdrada J, Odrzywołek W, Deda A, Wilczyński S. A split-face comparative study to evaluate the efficacy of 50% pyruvic acid against a mixture of glycolic and salicylic acids in the treatment of acne vulgaris. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:2352-2358. [PMID: 31922347 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the ways to treat acne is by using chemical peels. Salicylic, glycolic and pyruvic acids due to their keratolytic and antibacterial properties are often recommended for acne patients. AIMS The aim of the study was to compare the effect of a preparation containing glycolic and salicylic acids with pyruvic acid. PATIENTS/METHODS 14 women diagnosed with acne took part in the study. The facial treatment area was divided into two parts: right (a preparation containing 50% pyruvic acid) and left side ( a preparation containing glycolic and salicylic acids). A series of four treatments was performed at 2-week intervals. Skin parameters, namely hydration, sebum secretion and skin colour were measured. RESULTS As a result of using 50% pyruvic acid, the hydration of the right side of the face increased statistically and there was a decrease in the amount of melanin in the epidermis. On the left side of the face, there was an increase in skin hydration after using a mixture of glycolic and salicylic acids. The increase in skin hydration on the left side of the chin and nose was not statistically significant. The use of the mixture of glycolic and salicylic acids affected the skin colour on the left side of the face, on the forehead, cheek and nose. CONCLUSION Chemical peels affect a wide range of pathological factors of acne. A mixture of acids yields fewer side effects than a single acid used in high concentration, but the therapeutic effects are comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Zdrada
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Odrzywołek
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Deda
- Department of Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sławomir Wilczyński
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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7
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Ogilvie P, Safa M, Chantrey J, Leys C, Cavallini M, Niforos F, Hopfinger R, Marx A. Improvements in satisfaction with skin after treatment of facial fine lines with VYC-12 injectable gel: Patient-reported outcomes from a prospective study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:1065-1070. [PMID: 31621189 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND VYC-12, a hyaluronic acid injectable gel, is designed to treat fine lines and provides improvements in other skin quality attributes. A prospective study demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of VYC-12 for the improvement of fine lines as measured by changes in skin texture. AIMS To evaluate patient-reported outcomes in subjects treated intradermally with VYC-12 in the cheeks, forehead, and neck (optional) in the prospective study. METHODS Subjects received an initial treatment of VYC-12 (N = 131), with a touch-up treatment, if deemed necessary, offered 30 days later, and optional repeat treatment 9 months after initial or touch-up treatment. Subjects completed the FACE-Q Satisfaction With Skin scale and assessed willingness to recommend treatment to a friend at baseline, months 1, 4, 6, and 9, and month 1 after repeat treatment. Subjects also evaluated their return to normal daily social activities. RESULTS Satisfaction with skin improved from baseline in 90.8% of subjects at month 1, 88.4% at month 4, 83.6% at month 6, 76.4% at month 9, and 91.9% at month 1 after repeat treatment (P < .001, all time points). At least 94% of subjects returned to normal daily social activities one day after treatment (initial, touch-up, or repeat). More than 80% of subjects said they would recommend treatment to a friend at all time points through month 9 (97% at month 1 after repeat treatment). CONCLUSION Treatment with VYC-12 significantly improved satisfaction with skin in the majority of subjects, with most subjects returning to normal activities 1 day after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Francois Niforos
- La Jouvence, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,Centre Chirurgical Niforos, Lyon, France
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8
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Sarkar R, Arsiwala S, Dubey N, Sonthalia S, Das A, Arya L, Gokhale N, Torsekar RG, Somani VK, Majid I, Godse K, Ravichandran G, Singh M, Aurangabadkar S, Salim T, Shah S, Sinha S. Chemical Peels in Melasma: A Review with Consensus Recommendations by Indian Pigmentary Expert Group. Indian J Dermatol 2017; 62:578-584. [PMID: 29263530 PMCID: PMC5724304 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_490_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melasma is a notorious dermatosis, often resistant to treatment. Chemical peeling constitutes an acceptable option of management of melasma (of any type and duration). In this article, as a group of experts from Pigmentary Disorders Society (PDS) in collaboration with South Asian Pigmentary Forum (SPF), we have tried to elaborate the various chemical peeling agents for the treatment of melasma. Besides, we have reviewed the indications, mechanism of action, rationality and the detailed procedure of peeling. The evidence in favor of various peeling agents have been summarized as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sarkar
- Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shehnaz Arsiwala
- Consultant Dermatologist, Saifee Hospital, Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Neha Dubey
- Consultant Dermatologist, Medanta Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Sidharth Sonthalia
- Consultant Dermatologist, Skinnocence: The Skin Clinic, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Anupam Das
- Dermatology, KPC Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Latika Arya
- Consultant Dermatologist, L A Skin and Aesthetic Clinic, New Delhi, India
| | - Narendra Gokhale
- Consultant Dermatologist, Sklinic Skin Clinic, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - R G Torsekar
- Consultant Dermatologist, Fortis Hospital, Mulund, Mumbai, India
| | - V K Somani
- Consultant Dermatologist, Skintrendz, Himayat Nagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Imran Majid
- Dermatology, Govt Medical College, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Kiran Godse
- Dermatology, D Y Patil Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - G Ravichandran
- Senior Consultant and Coordinator, Dermatology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India
| | - Mohan Singh
- Consultant Dermatologist, Mohan Skin Diseases Hospital, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | | | - T Salim
- Consultant Dermatologist, Cutis institute of Dermatology and Aesthetic Sciences, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Swapnil Shah
- Consultant Dermatologist, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Surabhi Sinha
- Dermatologist Specialist, Dr RML Hospital and PGIMS, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A validated scale is needed for objective and reproducible comparisons of facial skin roughness before and after aesthetic treatment in practice and in clinical studies. OBJECTIVE To describe the development and validation of the 5-point photonumeric Allergan Skin Roughness Scale. METHODS The scale was developed to include an assessment guide, verbal descriptors, morphed images, and real subject images for each grade. The clinical significance of a 1-point score difference was evaluated in a review of image pairs representing varying differences in severity. Interrater and intrarater reliability was evaluated in a live-subject validation study (N = 290) completed during 2 sessions occurring 3 weeks apart. RESULTS A score difference of ≥1 point was shown to reflect a clinically meaningful difference (mean [95% confidence interval] absolute score difference 1.09 [0.96–1.23] for clinically different image pairs and 0.53 [0.38–0.67] for not clinically different pairs). Intrarater agreement between the 2 validation sessions was almost perfect (weighted kappa = 0.83). Interrater agreement was almost perfect during the second rating session (0.81, primary end point). CONCLUSION The Allergan Skin Roughness Scale is a validated and reliable scale for physician rating of midface skin roughness.
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10
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Butawan M, Benjamin RL, Bloomer RJ. Methylsulfonylmethane: Applications and Safety of a Novel Dietary Supplement. Nutrients 2017; 9:E290. [PMID: 28300758 PMCID: PMC5372953 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) has become a popular dietary supplement used for a variety of purposes, including its most common use as an anti-inflammatory agent. It has been well-investigated in animal models, as well as in human clinical trials and experiments. A variety of health-specific outcome measures are improved with MSM supplementation, including inflammation, joint/muscle pain, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity. Initial evidence is available regarding the dose of MSM needed to provide benefit, although additional work is underway to determine the precise dose and time course of treatment needed to provide optimal benefits. As a Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) approved substance, MSM is well-tolerated by most individuals at dosages of up to four grams daily, with few known and mild side effects. This review provides an overview of MSM, with details regarding its common uses and applications as a dietary supplement, as well as its safety for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Butawan
- Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research, School of Health Studies, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | | | - Richard J Bloomer
- Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research, School of Health Studies, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
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Carruthers J, Donofrio L, Hardas B, Murphy DK, Jones D, Carruthers A, Sykes JM, Creutz L, Marx A, Dill S. Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Evaluation of Facial Fine Lines. Dermatol Surg 2016; 42 Suppl 1:S227-S234. [PMID: 27661745 PMCID: PMC5671789 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000000847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A validated scale is needed for objective and reproducible comparisons of facial fine lines before and after treatment in practice and clinical studies. OBJECTIVE To describe the development and validation of the 5-point photonumeric Allergan Fine Lines Scale. METHODS The Allergan Fine Lines Scale was developed to include an assessment guide, verbal descriptors, morphed images, and real subject images for each scale grade. The clinical significance of a 1-point score difference was evaluated in a review of multiple image pairs representing varying differences in severity. Interrater and intrarater reliability was evaluated in a live subject validation study (N = 289) completed during 2 sessions occurring 3 weeks apart. RESULTS A score difference of ≥1 point was shown to reflect a clinically significant difference (mean [95% CI] absolute score difference, 1.06 [0.92-1.21] for clinically different image pairs and 0.50 [0.38-0.61] for not clinically different pairs). Intrarater agreement between the 2 live subject validation sessions was almost perfect (weighted kappa = 0.85). Interrater agreement was substantial during the second rating session (0.76, primary end point). CONCLUSION The Allergan Fine Lines Scale is a validated and reliable scale for physician rating of severity of superficial fine lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carruthers
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lisa Donofrio
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | - Derek Jones
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alastair Carruthers
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Lela Creutz
- Peloton Advantage, LLC, Parsippany, New Jersey
| | - Ann Marx
- Allergan plc, Irvine, California
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12
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Jaffary F, Faghihi G, Saraeian S, Hosseini SM. Comparison the effectiveness of pyruvic acid 50% and salicylic acid 30% in the treatment of acne. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 21:31. [PMID: 27904577 PMCID: PMC5122108 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.181991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous follicles and one of the most common skin diseases. The peeling method has been recently found to be effective for acne treatment. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of pyruvic acid 50% and salicylic acid 30% peeling in the treatment of mild to moderate acne. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a prospective single-blinded clinical trial, 86 patients with acne were randomly assigned into two groups. In both groups, the routine treatment of acne (topical solution of erythromycin 4%, triclorocarban soap, and sunscreen) were used twice a day for 8 weeks. In addition, salicylic acid 30% for the control group and pyruvic acid 50% for the case group were used. In both groups, acne severity index (ASI) was calculated before and at week 2, 4, 6, and 8 of the treatment. Patient satisfaction was assessed at the end of the treatment. Side effects were recorded using a checklist. RESULTS In both groups, the reduction in the number of comedones, papules, and ASI were statistically significant (P < 0.001) in the course of treatment. However, it was not significant regarding the number of pustules (P = 0.09). None of the number of comedone, papules, pustules, and ASI was statistically different between study groups. Both treatment groups had similar side effects except for scaling in the fifth session, which was significantly lower in salicylic acid - treated patients (P = 0.015). CONCLUSION Both pyruvic acid 50% and salicylic acid 30% are effective in the improvement of mild to moderate acne with no significant difference in efficacy and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Jaffary
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gita Faghihi
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Saraeian
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohsen Hosseini
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Cameli N, Abril E, Agozzino M, Mariano M. Clinical and Instrumental Evaluation of the Efficacy of a New Depigmenting Agent Containing a Combination of a Retinoid, a Phenolic Agent and an Antioxidant for the Treatment of Solar Lentigines. Dermatology 2015; 230:360-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000379746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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14
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Evidence-based treatment for melasma: expert opinion and a review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2014; 4:165-86. [PMID: 25269451 PMCID: PMC4257945 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-014-0064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Melasma is one of the most common pigmentary disorders seen by dermatologists and often occurs among women with darker complexion (Fitzpatrick skin type IV–VI). Even though melasma is a widely recognized cause of significant cosmetic disfigurement worldwide and in India, there is a lack of systematic and clinically usable treatment algorithms and guidelines for melasma management. The present article outlines the epidemiology of melasma, reviews the various treatment options along with their mode of action, underscores the diagnostic dilemmas and quantification of illness, and weighs the evidence of currently available therapies. Methods A panel of eminent dermatologists was created and their expert opinion was sought to address lacunae in information to arrive at a working algorithm for optimizing outcome in Indian patients. A thorough literature search from recognized medical databases preceded the panel discussions. The discussions and consensus from the panel discussions were drafted and refined as evidence-based treatment for melasma. The deployment of this algorithm is expected to act as a basis for guiding and refining therapy in the future. Results It is recommended that photoprotection and modified Kligman’s formula can be used as a first-line therapy for up to 12 weeks. In most patients, maintenance therapy will be necessary with non-hydroquinone (HQ) products or fixed triple combination intermittently, twice a week or less often. Concomitant camouflage should be offered to the patient at any stage during therapy. Monthly follow-ups are recommended to assess the compliance, tolerance, and efficacy of therapy. Conclusion The key therapy recommended is fluorinated steroid containing 2–4% HQ-based triple combination for first line, with additional selective peels if required in second line. Lasers are a last resort. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13555-014-0064-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Influence of azelaic and mandelic acid peels on sebum secretion in ageing women. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2013; 30:140-5. [PMID: 24278065 PMCID: PMC3834725 DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2013.35614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Azelaic acid and mandelic acid are superficial peels commonly applied in people of various age groups. As they are mild and do not cause any side effects, they are also often used in elderly people. AIM To compare the influence of azelaic and mandelic acid peels on facial sebum secretion in mature women aged 49-71 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS The level of secreted sebum was measured in 28 women. Eleven women were treated with azelaic acid peel and 17 with mandelic acid peel. Each of the peels was applied five times with 2-week intervals. The measurements were made on the cheeks and chin with the use of Sebumeter SM 15 (Courage & Khazaka, Germany). The last measurement, i.e. the sixth one, was made 2 weeks after the treatment. RESULTS We observed a significant increase in sebum secretion in the U-zone after the application of 20% azelaic peel and 40% mandelic peel. Neither peel significantly affected sebum secretion in the T-zone. CONCLUSIONS Peels with 20% azelaic acid and 40% mandelic acid might be considered treatments which contribute to an increase in sebum secretion in ageing women.
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Abstract
Melasma is a common disorder of hyperpigmentation, which has a severe impact on the quality of life. Inspite of tremendous research, the treatment remains frustrating both to the patient and the treating physician. Dark skin types (Fitzpatrick types IV to VI) are especially difficult to treat owing to the increased risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). The treatment ranges from a variety of easily applied topical therapies to agents like lasers and chemical peels. Peels are a well-known modality of treatment for melasma, having shown promising results in many clinical trials. However, in darker races, the choice of the peeling agent becomes relatively limited; so, there is the need for priming agents and additional maintenance peels. Although a number of new agents have come up, there is little published evidence supporting their use in day-to -day practice. The traditional glycolic peels prove to be the best both in terms of safety as well as efficacy. Lactic acid peels being relatively inexpensive and having shown equally good results in a few studies, definitely need further experimentation. We also recommend the use of a new peeling agent, the easy phytic solution, which does not require neutralisation unlike the traditional alpha-hydroxy peels. The choice of peeling agent, the peel concentration as well as the frequency and duration of peels are all important to achieve optimum results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College, and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Kottner J, Schario M, Bartels NG, Pantchechnikova E, Hillmann K, Blume-Peytavi U. Comparison of twoin vivomeasurements for skin surface topography. Skin Res Technol 2012; 19:84-90. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kottner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Marianne Schario
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Natalie Garcia Bartels
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Ellina Pantchechnikova
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Kathrin Hillmann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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18
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Structural requirements of (E)-6-benzylidene-4a-methyl-4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one derivatives as novel melanogenesis inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1922-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Thanigaimalai P, Lee KC, Sharma VK, Sharma N, Roh E, Kim Y, Jung SH. Identification of Indoline-2-thione Analogs as Novel Potent Inhibitors of .ALPHA.-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Induced Melanogenesis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:1285-8. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pillaiyar Thanigaimalai
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University
| | - Ki-Cheul Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University
| | - Vinay Kumar Sharma
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University
| | - Niti Sharma
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University
| | - Eunmiri Roh
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University
| | - Sang-Hun Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University
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20
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Fabbrocini G, Annunziata MC, D'Arco V, De Vita V, Lodi G, Mauriello MC, Pastore F, Monfrecola G. Acne scars: pathogenesis, classification and treatment. Dermatol Res Pract 2010; 2010:893080. [PMID: 20981308 PMCID: PMC2958495 DOI: 10.1155/2010/893080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne has a prevalence of over 90% among adolescents and persists into adulthood in approximately 12%-14% of cases with psychological and social implications. Possible outcomes of the inflammatory acne lesions are acne scars which, although they can be treated in a number of ways, may have a negative psychological impact on social life and relationships. The main types of acne scars are atrophic and hypertrophic scars. The pathogenesis of acne scarring is still not fully understood, but several hypotheses have been proposed. There are numerous treatments: chemical peels, dermabrasion/microdermabrasion, laser treatment, punch techniques, dermal grafting, needling and combined therapies for atrophic scars: silicone gels, intralesional steroid therapy, cryotherapy, and surgery for hypertrophic and keloidal lesions. This paper summarizes acne scar pathogenesis, classification and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Systematic Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - M. C. Annunziata
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Systematic Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - V. D'Arco
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Systematic Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - V. De Vita
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Systematic Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - G. Lodi
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Systematic Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - M. C. Mauriello
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Systematic Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - F. Pastore
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Systematic Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - G. Monfrecola
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Systematic Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80133 Napoli, Italy
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Lee K, Lee JH, Boovanahalli SK, Choi Y, Choo SJ, Yoo ID, Kim DH, Yun MY, Lee GW, Song GY. Synthesis of (S)-(+)-decursin and its analogues as potent inhibitors of melanin formation in B16 murine melanoma cells. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:5567-75. [PMID: 20884093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a novel series of highly potent melanin inhibitors which were obtained through structural modification of an anticancer compound S-(+)-decursinol. The in vitro inhibitory potencies of the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated against α-MSH induced melanin production in B16 murine melanoma cells. Among the compounds evaluated, compounds 2, 3, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a and 8b emerged as highly potent inhibitors of melanin production. Besides, these compounds demonstrated significantly low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Lee
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 100-756, Korea
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Thanigaimalai P, Le Hoang TA, Lee KC, Bang SC, Sharma VK, Yun CY, Roh E, Hwang BY, Kim Y, Jung SH. Structural requirement(s) of N-phenylthioureas and benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazones as inhibitors of melanogenesis in melanoma B 16 cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2991-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Evaluation of 3,4-dihydroquinazoline-2(1H)-thiones as inhibitors of α-MSH-induced melanin production in melanoma B16 cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:1555-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Thanigaimalai P, Lee KC, Bang SC, Lee JH, Yun CY, Roh E, Hwang BY, Kim Y, Jung SH. Inhibitory effect of novel tetrahydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thiones on melanogenesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 18:1135-42. [PMID: 20044259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The series of imidazoldine-2-thiones 2 and tetrahydropyrimidine-2-thiones 3 were discovered as inhibitor of alpha-MSH-induced melanin production in melanoma B16 cells. The primary bioassay showed that 1-(4-ethylbenzyl)-tetrahydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thione 3e (>100% inhibition at 10 microM, IC(50)=1.2 microM) and 1-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-tetrahydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thione 3f (>100% inhibition at 10 microM, IC(50)=0.76 microM) exhibited potent inhibitory effect against alpha-MSH-induced melanin production. Compounds 3 inhibit the biosynthesis of tyrosinase without affecting its catalytic activity in melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thanigaimalai
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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Kempiak SJ, Uebelhoer N. Superficial chemical peels and microdermabrasion for acne vulgaris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 27:212-20. [PMID: 18786500 DOI: 10.1016/j.sder.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Superficial chemical peels and microdermabrasion are used for many dermatologic conditions. A common condition treated with these modalities is acne vulgaris. In this review, we discuss the theory behind the technique of these procedures and describe the application and complications of each of these procedures in the office setting. The evaluation of patients before proceeding with the procedure and discuss pre- and postpeel regimens used for patients is discussed. We also analyze studies on both of these in-office procedures and comparative studies between the 2 most commonly used superficial chemical peeling agents, glycolic and salicylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan John Kempiak
- University of California, San Diego, Division of Dermatology, San Diego, CA 92134, USA
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26
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Abstract
The traditional use of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in alcoholic fermentation has, over time, resulted in substantial accumulated knowledge concerning genetics, physiology, and biochemistry as well as genetic engineering and fermentation technologies. S. cerevisiae has become a platform organism for developing metabolic engineering strategies, methods, and tools. The current review discusses the relevance of several engineering strategies, such as rational and inverse metabolic engineering, evolutionary engineering, and global transcription machinery engineering, in yeast strain improvement. It also summarizes existing tools for fine-tuning and regulating enzyme activities and thus metabolic pathways. Recent examples of yeast metabolic engineering for food, beverage, and industrial biotechnology (bioethanol and bulk and fine chemicals) follow. S. cerevisiae currently enjoys increasing popularity as a production organism in industrial ("white") biotechnology due to its inherent tolerance of low pH values and high ethanol and inhibitor concentrations and its ability to grow anaerobically. Attention is paid to utilizing lignocellulosic biomass as a potential substrate.
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27
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Abstract
In clinical practice, acquired hyperpigmentations represent the most common disorders of pigmentation the dermatologist has to treat. Despite the large number of depigmenting agents available, the treatment of hyperpigmentations is often unsuccessful and disappointing and is still a challenge for dermatologists. This article focuses on the chemical compounds reported to be in depigmenting or skin lightening agents, their proposed mechanism of action, and their clinical efficacy in the treatment of melasma and hypermelanoses, mainly based on randomized clinical trials. It also reviews chemical peels and their indications, together with the possible uses of laser and intense pulsed light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute (IRCCS), Elio Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
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