Self-management Strategies Adopted by Breast Cancer Survivors to Improve their Adherence to Tamoxifen

Developing and Evaluating a Self-Management Intervention for Women With Breast Cancer

Reports of self-management interventions usually focus on efficacy and do not detail processes of intervention development and evaluation. We describe the development and evaluation of Managing Cancer Care: A Personal Guide, a patient-oriented cancer self-management intervention consisting of seven modules on the topics of self-management, care options, transitions, communication, symptom management, and self-efficacy. We developed and evaluated the intervention in stages by partnering with women with breast cancer. Stages were as follows: individual interviews ( n = 25), intervention design, focus group ( n = 6), pilot testing with metastatic patients ( n = 23), and population testing with non-metastatic patients ( n = 105). We used interpretive description and content analysis for qualitative analyses and used descriptive statistics to analyze module ratings and frequency of use. We report results of each stage and discuss the challenges of creating a self-management intervention that has broad appeal without taking a one-size-fits-all approach and implementing a self-management intervention in a real-world versus research setting.