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Xiong LL, Qin YX, Xiao QX, Jin Y, Al-Hawwas M, Ma Z, Wang YC, Belegu V, Zhou XF, Xue LL, Du RL, Liu J, Bai X, Wang TH. MicroRNA339 Targeting PDXK Improves Motor Dysfunction and Promotes Neurite Growth in the Remote Cortex Subjected to Spinal Cord Transection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:577. [PMID: 32793586 PMCID: PMC7386314 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a fatal disease that can cause severe disability. Cortical reorganization subserved the recovery of spontaneous function after SCI, although the potential molecular mechanism in this remote control is largely unknown. Therefore, using proteomics analysis, RNA interference/overexpression, and CRISPR/Cas9 in vivo and in vitro, we analyzed how the molecular network functions in neurological improvement, especially in the recovery of motor function after spinal cord transection (SCT) via the remote regulation of cerebral cortex. We discovered that the overexpression of pyridoxal kinase (PDXK) in the motor cortex enhanced neuronal growth and survival and improved locomotor function in the hindlimb. In addition, PDXK was confirmed as a target of miR-339 but not miR-124. MiR-339 knockout (KO) significantly increased the neurite outgrowth and decreased cell apoptosis in cortical neurons. Moreover, miR-339 KO rats exhibited functional recovery indicated by improved Basso, Beattie, and Bresnehan (BBB) score. Furthermore, bioinformatics prediction showed that PDXK was associated with GAP43, a crucial molecule related to neurite growth and functional improvement. The current research therefore confirmed that miR-339 targeting PDXK facilitated neurological recovery in the motor cortex of SCT rats, and the underlying mechanism was associated with regulating GAP43 in the remote cortex of rats subjected to SCT. These findings may uncover a new understanding of remoting cortex control following SCI and provide a new therapeutic strategy for the recovery of SCI in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Lin Xiong
- Institute of Neurobiological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Western Medicine Translational Medicine Research Center, Department of Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yan-Xia Qin
- Department of Histology and Neurobiology, College of Preclinic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu-Xia Xiao
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Western Medicine Translational Medicine Research Center, Department of Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- Animal Zoology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mohammed Al-Hawwas
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zheng Ma
- Animal Zoology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - You-Cui Wang
- Institute of Neurobiological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Visar Belegu
- International Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Neurology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lu-Lu Xue
- Animal Zoology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Du
- Institute of Neurobiological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Animal Zoology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xue Bai
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Western Medicine Translational Medicine Research Center, Department of Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Institute of Neurobiological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Animal Zoology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Histology and Neurobiology, College of Preclinic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Lehmann A. Abnormalities in the levels of extracellular and tissue amino acids in the brain of the seizure-susceptible rat. Epilepsy Res 1989; 3:130-7. [PMID: 2707250 DOI: 10.1016/0920-1211(89)90040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Basal and high potassium-stimulated release of endogenous amino acids was measured using brain dialysis in the hippocampus of urethane-anesthetized seizure-resistant (SR) and seizure-susceptible (SS) rats. Moreover, the tissue level of amino acids was determined in the hippocampus, sensorimotor cortex, cerebellum and corpus striatum. The basal extracellular concentration of amino acids did not differ between SR and SS rats. However, aspartate release was higher, and taurine and phosphoethanolamine release was lower in SS rats during stimulation with 100 mM K+. Several strain differences were observed with regard to regional tissue levels of amino acids. Aspartate was significantly elevated in the hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum of SS animals, and the catecholamine precursor tyrosine was diminished in all regions examined. Other disparities included a depressed gamma-aminobutyrate concentration in the hippocampus and cortex, slightly increased levels of phosphoethanolamine in the cerebellum and minor decreases in striatal and cortical taurine. Glutamate, glutamine, serine and alanine concentrations were not significantly altered in any brain area of the SS rat. The results confirm and extend previous findings on abnormalities in aspartate, taurine and phosphoethanolamine regulation in this model. In addition, decreased availability of tyrosine may provide a partial explanation for the well-documented deficiency in cerebral norepinephrine in the SS strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lehmann
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Göteborg, Sweden
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Lee NS, Muhs G, Wagner GC, Reynolds RD, Fisher H. Dietary pyridoxine interaction with tryptophan or histidine on brain serotonin and histamine metabolism. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1988; 29:559-64. [PMID: 3362950 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(88)90020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied the metabolic effects of high dietary intakes of pyridoxine and of the substrate-cofactor interaction between dietary histidine or tryptophan and pyridoxine in rat brain. In the substrate-cofactor interaction study, histamine and serotonin levels were determined in rats fed elevated or requirement levels of substrate (histidine: 0.3% and 0.8%, tryptophan: 0.15% and 0.6%) and excess or requirement levels of pyridoxine HCl (7 mg vs. 3,000 mg/kg). Excess pyridoxine intake caused a differential effect on brain histamine concentration--inhibitory with the requirement level of histidine (-29%), and stimulatory (+21%) with the elevated level of histidine. When dietary tryptophan was fed at the requirement level, excess pyridoxine caused essentially no changes in hypothalamic serotonin and 5HIAA (-2%, -2%). With elevated tryptophan intake, excess pyridoxine significantly increased serotonin and 5HIAA (+32%, +20%) in the hypothalamus. These results indicate a clear interaction between substrate and coenzyme precursor which influences brain metabolism of histamine and serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Lee
- Department of Nutrition, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick 08903
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