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Kan C, Zhao Y, Sun KM, Tang X, Zhao Y. The inhibition and recovery mechanisms of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum in response to high light stress - A study combining physiological and transcriptional analysis. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:418-431. [PMID: 36798977 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
By combining physiological/biochemical and transcriptional analysis, the inhibition and recovery mechanisms of Phaeodactylum tricornutum in response to extreme high light stress (1300 μmol photons · m-2 · s-1 ) were elucidated. The population growth was inhibited in the first 24 h and started to recover from 48 h. At 24 h, photoinhibition was exhibited as the changes of PSII photosynthetic parameters and decrease in cellular pigments, corresponding to the downregulation of genes encoding light-harvesting complex and pigments synthesis. Changes in those photosynthetic parameters and genes were kept until 96 h, indicating that the decrease of light absorption abilities might be one strategy for photoacclimation. In the meanwhile, we observed elevated cellular ROS levels, dead cells proportions, and upregulation of genes encoding antioxidant materials and proteasome pathway at 24 h. Those stress-related parameters and genes recovered to the controls at 96 h, indicating a stable intracellular environment after photoacclimation. Finally, genes involving carbon metabolisms were upregulated from 24 to 96 h, which ensured the energy supply for keeping high base and nucleotide excision repair abilities, leading to the recovery of cell cycle progression. We concluded that P. tricornutum could overcome photoinhibition by decreasing light-harvesting abilities, enhancing carbon metabolisms, activating anti-oxidative functions, and elevating repair abilities. The parameters of light harvesting, carbon metabolisms, and repair processes were responsible for the recovery phase, which could be considered long-term adaptive strategies for diatoms under high light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Kan
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yirong Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai-Ming Sun
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Sansone C, Pistelli L, Calabrone L, Del Mondo A, Fontana A, Festa M, Noonan DM, Albini A, Brunet C. The Carotenoid Diatoxanthin Modulates Inflammatory and Angiogenesis Pathways In Vitro in Prostate Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020359. [PMID: 36829917 PMCID: PMC9952135 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthophylls, a group of carotenoids, have attracted attention as human health benefit compounds thanks to their functionality and bioavailability. The great antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities of diatoxanthin (Dt), a photoprotective xanthophyll synthetized by diatoms, were recently documented. This study investigates the capacity of Dt to intercept prostate cancer progression in vitro on different human cell lines, exploring its role against cancer proliferation and angiogenesis. Our results highlighted the chemopreventive role of Dt already at low concentration (44.1 pM) and suggest that the Dt-induced cancer cell death occurred through oxidative stress mechanisms. This hypothesis was supported by variations on the expression of key genes and proteins. Oxidative stress cell deaths (e.g., ferroptosis) are recently described types of cell death that are closely related to the pathophysiological processes of many diseases, such as tumors. Nonetheless, the interest of Dt was further strengthened by its ability to inhibit angiogenesis. The results are discussed considering the actual progress and requirements in cancer therapy, notably for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementina Sansone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, 80133 Napoli, Italy
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Luigi Pistelli
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luana Calabrone
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Del Mondo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marco Festa
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Douglas M. Noonan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- IRCSS European Institute of Oncology (IEO), 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Christophe Brunet
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, 80133 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (C.B.)
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Calvaruso C, Stefanidis K, Büchel C. Photoacclimation impacts the molecular features of photosystem supercomplexes in the centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2022; 1863:148589. [PMID: 35779585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In diatoms, light-harvesting processes take place in a specific group of proteins, called fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c proteins (FCP). This group includes many members and represents the major characteristic of the diatom photosynthetic apparatus, with specific pigments bound (chlorophyll c, fucoxanthin, diadino- and diatoxanthin besides chlorophyll a). In thylakoids, FCP and photosystems (PS) form multimeric supercomplexes. In this study, we compared the biochemical properties of PS supercomplexes isolated from Thalassiosira pseudonana cells grown under low light or high light conditions, respectively. High light acclimation changed the molecular features of the PS and their ratio in thylakoids. In PSII, no obvious changes in polypeptide composition were observed, whereas for PSI changes in one specific group of FCP proteins were detected. As reported before, the amount of xanthophyll cycle pigments and their de-epoxidation ratio was increased in PSI under HL. In PSII, however, no additional xanthophyll cycle pigments occurred, but the de-epoxidation ratio was increased as well. This comparison suggests how mechanisms of photoprotection might take place within and in the proximity of the PS, which gives new insights into the capacity of diatoms to adapt to different conditions and in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Calvaruso
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Stefanidis
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Sansone C, Pistelli L, Del Mondo A, Calabrone L, Fontana A, Noonan DM, Albini A, Brunet C. The Microalgal Diatoxanthin Inflects the Cytokine Storm in SARS-CoV-2 Stimulated ACE2 Overexpressing Lung Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081515. [PMID: 36009234 PMCID: PMC9405469 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact between SARS-CoV-2 and human lung cells involves the viral spike protein and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on epithelial cells, the latter being strongly involved in the regulation of inflammation as well as blood pressure homeostasis. SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by a strong inflammatory response defined as a “cytokine storm”. Among recent therapeutic approaches against SARS-CoV-2 targeting the dramatic inflammatory reaction, some natural products are promising. Diatoms are microalgae able to produce bioactive secondary metabolites, such as the xanthophyll diatoxanthin (Dt). The aim of this study is to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects of Dt on the A549-hACE2 lung cell line, exploring its interaction with the ACE2 receptor, as well as depicting its role in inhibiting a cytokine storm induced by the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Results showed that Dt enhanced the cell metabolism, e.g., the percent of metabolically active cells, as well as the ACE2 enzymatic activity. Moreover, Dt strongly affected the response of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein-exposed A549-hACE2 cells in decreasing the interleukin-6 production and increasing the interleukin-10 release. Moreover, Dt upregulated genes encoding for the interferon pathway related to antiviral defense and enhanced proteins belonging to the innate immunity response. The potential interest of Dt as a new therapeutic agent in the treatment and/or prevention of the severe inflammatory syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection is postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementina Sansone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, Via Ammiraglio F. Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (L.P.); (A.D.M.); (L.C.)
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (C.B.); Tel.: +39-0815833262 (C.S. & C.B.)
| | - Luigi Pistelli
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, Via Ammiraglio F. Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (L.P.); (A.D.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Angelo Del Mondo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, Via Ammiraglio F. Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (L.P.); (A.D.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Luana Calabrone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, Via Ammiraglio F. Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (L.P.); (A.D.M.); (L.C.)
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy;
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Douglas M. Noonan
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, IEO, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Christophe Brunet
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, Via Ammiraglio F. Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (L.P.); (A.D.M.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (C.B.); Tel.: +39-0815833262 (C.S. & C.B.)
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Jäger S, Büchel C. Cation-dependent changes in the thylakoid membrane appression of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1860:41-51. [PMID: 30447184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms show a special organisation of their plastid membranes, such that their thylakoids span the entire plastid in bands of three. While in higher plants the interaction of the light harvesting complex II and photosystem II with divalent cations (especially Mg2+) was found to take part in the interplay of electrostatic attraction and repulsion in grana membrane appression, for diatoms the key players in maintaining proper membrane distances were not identified so far. In this work, we investigated the changes in the thylakoid architecture of Thalassiosira pseudonana in reaction to different salts by using circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with other techniques. We show that divalent cations have an important influence on optimal pigment organisation and thus also on maintaining membrane appression. Thereby, monovalent cations are far less effective. The concentration needed is in a physiological range and fits well with the values obtained for higher plant grana stacking, despite the fact that strict protein segregation as seen in higher plant grana is missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Jäger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Ambati RR, Gogisetty D, Aswathanarayana RG, Ravi S, Bikkina PN, Bo L, Yuepeng S. Industrial potential of carotenoid pigments from microalgae: Current trends and future prospects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:1880-1902. [PMID: 29370540 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1432561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are rich source of various bioactive molecules such as carotenoids, lipids, fatty acids, hydrocarbons, proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, etc. and in recent Years carotenoids from algae gained commercial recognition in the global market for food and cosmeceutical applications. However, the production of carotenoids from algae is not yet fully cost effective to compete with synthetic ones. In this context the present review examines the technologies/methods in relation to mass production of algae, cell harvesting for extraction of carotenoids, optimizing extraction methods etc. Research studies from different microalgal species such as Spirulina platensis, Haematococcus pluvialis, Dunaliella salina, Chlorella sps., Nannochloropsis sps., Scenedesmus sps., Chlorococcum sps., Botryococcus braunii and Diatoms in relation to carotenoid content, chemical structure, extraction and processing of carotenoids are discussed. Further these carotenoid pigments, are useful in various health applications and their use in food, feed, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries was briefly touched upon. The commercial value of algal carotenoids has also been discussed in this review. Possible recommendations for future research studies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranga Rao Ambati
- a Food Science and Technology Programme, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College , Tangjiawan, Zhuhai , Guangdong , China.,b Estuarine Fisheries Research Institute , Doumen, Zhuhai , Guangdong , China.,c Department of Biotechnology , Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University) , Vadlamudi, Guntur , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Deepika Gogisetty
- d Department of Chemistry , Sri Chaitanya Junior College , Tenali, Guntur , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | | | - Sarada Ravi
- f Plant Cell Biotechnology Department , Central Food Technological Research Institute, (Constituent Laboratory of Council of Scientific & Industrial Research) , Mysore , Karnataka , India
| | | | - Lei Bo
- a Food Science and Technology Programme, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College , Tangjiawan, Zhuhai , Guangdong , China
| | - Su Yuepeng
- b Estuarine Fisheries Research Institute , Doumen, Zhuhai , Guangdong , China
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How reduced excitonic coupling enhances light harvesting in the main photosynthetic antennae of diatoms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E11063-E11071. [PMID: 29229806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714656115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong excitonic interactions are a key design strategy in photosynthetic light harvesting, expanding the spectral cross-section for light absorption and creating considerably faster and more robust excitation energy transfer. These molecular excitons are a direct result of exceptionally densely packed pigments in photosynthetic proteins. The main light-harvesting complexes of diatoms, known as fucoxanthin-chlorophyll proteins (FCPs), are an exception, displaying surprisingly weak excitonic coupling between their chlorophyll (Chl) a's, despite a high pigment density. Here, we show, using single-molecule spectroscopy, that the FCP complexes of Cyclotella meneghiniana switch frequently into stable, strongly emissive states shifted 4-10 nm toward the red. A few percent of isolated FCPa complexes and ∼20% of isolated FCPb complexes, on average, were observed to populate these previously unobserved states, percentages that agree with the steady-state fluorescence spectra of FCP ensembles. Thus, the complexes use their enhanced sensitivity to static disorder to increase their light-harvesting capability in a number of ways. A disordered exciton model based on the structure of the main plant light-harvesting complex explains the red-shifted emission by strong localization of the excitation energy on a single Chl a pigment in the terminal emitter domain due to very specific pigment orientations. We suggest that the specific construction of FCP gives the complex a unique strategy to ensure that its light-harvesting function remains robust in the fluctuating protein environment despite limited excitonic interactions.
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A D Neilson J, Rangsrikitphoti P, Durnford DG. Evolution and regulation of Bigelowiella natans light-harvesting antenna system. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 217:68-76. [PMID: 28619535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bigelowiella natans is a mixotrophic flagellate and member of the chlorarachniophytes (Rhizaria), whose plastid is derived from a green algal endosymbiont. With the completion of the B. natans nuclear genome we are able to begin the analysis of the structure, function and evolution of the photosynthetic apparatus. B. natans has undergone substantial changes in photosystem structure during the evolution of the plastid from a green alga. While Photosystem II (PSII) composition is well conserved, Photosystem I (PSI) composition has undergone a dramatic reduction in accessory protein subunits. Coinciding with these changes, there was a loss of green algal LHCI orthologs while the PSII-like antenna system has the expected green algal-like proteins (encoded by genes Lhcbm1-8, Lhcb4). There are also a collection of LHCX-like proteins, which are commonly associated with stramenopiles and other eukaryotes with red-algal derived plastids, along with two other unique classes of LHCs- LHCY and LHCZ- whose function remains cryptic. To understand the regulation of the LHC gene family as an initial probe of function, we conducted an RNA-seq experiment under a short-term, high-light (HL) and low-light stress. The most abundant LHCII transcript (Lhcbm6) plus two other LHCBM types (Lhcbm1, 2) were down regulated under HL and up-regulated following a shift to very-low light (VL), as is common in antenna specializing in light harvesting. Many of the other LHCII and LHCY genes had a small, but significant increase in HL and most were only moderately affected under VL. The LHCX and LHCZ genes, however, had a strong up-regulation under HL-stress and most declined under VL, suggesting that they primarily have a role in photoprotection. This contrasts to the LHCY family that is only moderately responsive to light and a much higher basal level of expression, despite being within the LHCSR/LHCX clade. The expression of LHCX/Z proteins under HL-stress may be related to the induction of long-term, non-photochemical quenching mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A D Neilson
- University of New Brunswick, Department of Biology, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | | | - Dion G Durnford
- University of New Brunswick, Department of Biology, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada.
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Cui Y, Zhang H, Lin S. Enhancement of Non-photochemical Quenching as an Adaptive Strategy under Phosphorus Deprivation in the Dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:404. [PMID: 28360892 PMCID: PMC5350143 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensified water column stratification due to global warming has the potential to decrease nutrient availability while increasing excess light for the photosynthesis of phytoplankton in the euphotic zone, which together will increase the need for photoprotective strategies such as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). We investigated whether NPQ is enhanced and how it is regulated molecularly under phosphorus (P) deprivation in the dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum. We grew K. veneficum under P-replete and P-depleted conditions, monitored their growth rates and chlorophyll fluorescence, and conducted gene expression and comparative proteomic analyses. The results were used to characterize NPQ modulation and associated gene expression dynamics under P deprivation. We found that NPQ in K. veneficum was elevated significantly under P deprivation. Accordingly, the abundances of three light-harvesting complex stress-related proteins increased under P-depleted condition. Besides, many proteins related to genetic information flow were down-regulated while many proteins related to energy production and conversion were up-regulated under P deprivation. Taken together, our results indicate that K. veneficum cells respond to P deprivation by reconfiguring the metabolic landscape and up-tuning NPQ to increase the capacity to dissipate excess light energy and maintain the fluency of energy flow, which provides a new perspective about what adaptive strategy dinoflagellates have evolved to cope with P deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Marine Biodiversity and Xiamen City Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen University Xiamen, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton CT, USA
| | - Senjie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Marine Biodiversity and Xiamen City Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, GrotonCT, USA
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Taddei L, Stella GR, Rogato A, Bailleul B, Fortunato AE, Annunziata R, Sanges R, Thaler M, Lepetit B, Lavaud J, Jaubert M, Finazzi G, Bouly JP, Falciatore A. Multisignal control of expression of the LHCX protein family in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3939-51. [PMID: 27225826 PMCID: PMC4915529 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are phytoplanktonic organisms that grow successfully in the ocean where light conditions are highly variable. Studies of the molecular mechanisms of light acclimation in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum show that carotenoid de-epoxidation enzymes and LHCX1, a member of the light-harvesting protein family, both contribute to dissipate excess light energy through non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). In this study, we investigate the role of the other members of the LHCX family in diatom stress responses. Our analysis of available genomic data shows that the presence of multiple LHCX genes is a conserved feature of diatom species living in different ecological niches. Moreover, an analysis of the levels of four P. tricornutum LHCX transcripts in relation to protein expression and photosynthetic activity indicates that LHCXs are differentially regulated under different light intensities and nutrient starvation, mostly modulating NPQ capacity. We conclude that multiple abiotic stress signals converge to regulate the LHCX content of cells, providing a way to fine-tune light harvesting and photoprotection. Moreover, our data indicate that the expansion of the LHCX gene family reflects functional diversification of its members which could benefit cells responding to highly variable ocean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Taddei
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Giulio Rocco Stella
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Benjamin Bailleul
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Antonio Emidio Fortunato
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Rossella Annunziata
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Remo Sanges
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Michael Thaler
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Bernard Lepetit
- Zukunftskolleg, Department of Plant Ecophysiology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Johann Lavaud
- UMI 3376 TAKUVIK, CNRS/Université Laval, Département de Biologie, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec (Québec) G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marianne Jaubert
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, (BIG), CEA Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bouly
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Angela Falciatore
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
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Kuczynska P, Jemiola-Rzeminska M, Strzalka K. Photosynthetic Pigments in Diatoms. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5847-81. [PMID: 26389924 PMCID: PMC4584358 DOI: 10.3390/md13095847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic pigments are bioactive compounds of great importance for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. They are not only responsible for capturing solar energy to carry out photosynthesis, but also play a role in photoprotective processes and display antioxidant activity, all of which contribute to effective biomass and oxygen production. Diatoms are organisms of a distinct pigment composition, substantially different from that present in plants. Apart from light-harvesting pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c, and fucoxanthin, there is a group of photoprotective carotenoids which includes β-carotene and the xanthophylls, diatoxanthin, diadinoxanthin, violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin, which are engaged in the xanthophyll cycle. Additionally, some intermediate products of biosynthetic pathways have been identified in diatoms as well as unusual pigments, e.g., marennine. Marine algae have become widely recognized as a source of unique bioactive compounds for potential industrial, pharmaceutical, and medical applications. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on diatom photosynthetic pigments complemented by some new insights regarding their physico-chemical properties, biological role, and biosynthetic pathways, as well as the regulation of pigment level in the cell, methods of purification, and significance in industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kuczynska
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow 30-387, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Jemiola-Rzeminska
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow 30-387, Poland.
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Gronostajowa 7A, Krakow 30-387, Poland.
| | - Kazimierz Strzalka
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow 30-387, Poland.
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Gronostajowa 7A, Krakow 30-387, Poland.
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Derks A, Schaven K, Bruce D. Diverse mechanisms for photoprotection in photosynthesis. Dynamic regulation of photosystem II excitation in response to rapid environmental change. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:468-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Goss R, Lepetit B. Biodiversity of NPQ. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 172:13-32. [PMID: 24854581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In their natural environment plants and algae are exposed to rapidly changing light conditions and light intensities. Illumination with high light intensities has the potential to overexcite the photosynthetic pigments and the electron transport chain and thus induce the production of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). To prevent damage by the action of ROS, plants and algae have developed a multitude of photoprotection mechanisms. One of the most important protection mechanisms is the dissipation of excessive excitation energy as heat in the light-harvesting complexes of the photosystems. This process requires a structural change of the photosynthetic antenna complexes that are normally optimized with regard to efficient light-harvesting. Enhanced heat dissipation in the antenna systems is accompanied by a strong quenching of the chlorophyll a fluorescence and has thus been termed non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence, NPQ. The general importance of NPQ for the photoprotection of plants and algae is documented by its wide distribution in the plant kingdom. In the present review we will summarize the present day knowledge about NPQ in higher plants and different algal groups with a special focus on the molecular mechanisms that lead to the structural rearrangements of the antenna complexes and enhanced heat dissipation. We will present the newest models for NPQ in higher plants and diatoms and will compare the features of NPQ in different algae with those of NPQ in higher plants. In addition, we will briefly address evolutionary aspects of NPQ, i.e. how the requirements of NPQ have changed during the transition of plants from the aquatic habitat to the land environment. We will conclude with a presentation of open questions regarding the mechanistic basis of NPQ and suggestions for future experiments that may serve to obtain this missing information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reimund Goss
- Institut für Biologie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Bernard Lepetit
- Institut für Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Büchel C. Evolution and function of light harvesting proteins. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 172:62-75. [PMID: 25240794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic eukaryotes exhibit very different light-harvesting proteins, but all contain membrane-intrinsic light-harvesting complexes (Lhcs), either as additional or sole antennae. Lhcs non-covalently bind chlorophyll a and in most cases another Chl, as well as very different carotenoids, depending on the taxon. The proteins fall into two major groups: The well-defined Lhca/b group of proteins binds typically Chl b and lutein, and the group is present in the 'green lineage'. The other group consists of Lhcr/Lhcf, Lhcz and Lhcx/LhcSR proteins. The former are found in the so-called Chromalveolates, where they mostly bind Chl c and carotenoids very efficient in excitation energy transfer, and in their red algae ancestors. Lhcx/LhcSR are present in most Chromalveolates and in some members of the green lineage as well. Lhcs function in light harvesting, but also in photoprotection, and they influence the organisation of the thylakoid membrane. The different functions of the Lhc subfamilies are discussed in the light of their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Büchel
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Max von Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Chukhutsina VU, Büchel C, van Amerongen H. Disentangling two non-photochemical quenching processes in Cyclotella meneghiniana by spectrally-resolved picosecond fluorescence at 77K. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:899-907. [PMID: 24582663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms, which are primary producers in the oceans, can rapidly switch on/off efficient photoprotection to respond to fast light-intensity changes in moving waters. The corresponding thermal dissipation of excess-absorbed-light energy can be observed as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll a fluorescence. Fluorescence-induction measurements on Cyclotella meneghiniana diatoms show two NPQ processes: qE1 relaxes rapidly in the dark while qE2 remains present upon switching to darkness and is related to the presence of the xanthophyll-cycle pigment diatoxanthin (Dtx). We performed picosecond fluorescence measurements on cells locked in different (quenching) states, revealing the following sequence of events during full development of NPQ. At first, trimers of light-harvesting complexes (fucoxanthin-chlorophyll a/c proteins), or FCPa, become quenched, while being part of photosystem II (PSII), due to the induced pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane. This is followed by (partial) detachment of FCPa from PSII after which quenching persists. The pH gradient also causes the formation of Dtx which leads to further quenching of isolated PSII cores and some aggregated FCPa. In subsequent darkness, the pH gradient disappears but Dtx remains present and quenching partly pertains. Only in the presence of some light the system completely recovers to the unquenched state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volha U Chukhutsina
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, 6703HA Wageningen, The Netherlands; BioSolar Cells, P.O. Box 98, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Herbert van Amerongen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, 6703HA Wageningen, The Netherlands; BioSolar Cells, P.O. Box 98, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands; MicroSpectroscopy Centre, Wageningen University, 6703HA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Petrou K, Trimborn S, Rost B, Ralph PJ, Hassler CS. The impact of iron limitation on the physiology of the Antarctic diatom Chaetoceros simplex.. MARINE BIOLOGY 2014; 161:925-937. [PMID: 24719494 PMCID: PMC3969518 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-014-2392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron availability strongly governs the growth of Southern Ocean phytoplankton. To investigate how iron limitation affects photosynthesis as well as the uptake of carbon and iron in the Antarctic diatom Chaetocerossimplex, a combination of chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements and radiotracer incubations in the presence and absence of chemical inhibitors was conducted. Iron limitation in C. simplex led to a decline in growth rates, photochemical efficiency and structural changes in photosystem II (PSII), including a reorganisation of photosynthetic units in PSII and an increase in size of the functional absorption cross section of PSII. Iron-limited cells further exhibited a reduced plastoquinone pool and decreased photosynthetic electron transport rate, while non-photochemical quenching and relative xanthophyll pigment content were strongly increased, suggesting a photoprotective response. Additionally, iron limitation resulted in a strong decline in carbon fixation and thus the particulate organic carbon quotas. Inhibitor studies demonstrated that, independent of the iron supply, carbon fixation was dependent on internal, but not on extracellular carbonic anhydrase activity. Orthovanadate more strongly inhibited iron uptake in iron-limited cells, indicating that P-type ATPase transporters are involved in iron uptake. The stronger reduction in iron uptake by ascorbate in iron-limited cells suggests that the re-oxidation of iron is required before it can be taken up and further supports the presence of a high-affinity iron transport pathway. The measured changes to photosystem architecture and shifts in carbon and iron uptake strategies in C. simplex as a result of iron limitation provide evidence for a complex interaction of these processes to balance the iron requirements for photosynthesis and carbon demand for sustained growth in iron-limited waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherina Petrou
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Scarlett Trimborn
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Björn Rost
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Peter J. Ralph
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christel S. Hassler
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
- Institute FA Forel, University of Geneva, 10 rte de Suisse, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
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Structure and Functional Heterogeneity of Fucoxanthin-Chlorophyll Proteins in Diatoms. THE STRUCTURAL BASIS OF BIOLOGICAL ENERGY GENERATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8742-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Schellenberger Costa B, Sachse M, Jungandreas A, Bartulos CR, Gruber A, Jakob T, Kroth PG, Wilhelm C. Aureochrome 1a is involved in the photoacclimation of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74451. [PMID: 24073211 PMCID: PMC3779222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aureochromes constitute a family of blue light (BL) receptors which are found exclusively in heterokont algae such as diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) and yellow-green algae (Xanthophyceae). Previous studies on the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum indicate that the formation of a high light acclimated phenotype is mediated by the absorption of BL and that aureochromes might play an important role in this process. P. tricornutum possesses four genes encoding aureochromes. In this study we confirm the nuclear localisation of the PtAUREO1a, 1b and 2 proteins. Furthermore we studied the physiology of light quality acclimation in genetically transformed P. tricornutum cell lines with reduced expression of the aureochrome 1a gene. The results demonstrate that the AUREO1a protein has a distinct function in light acclimation. However, rather unexpectedly AUREO1a seems to repress high light acclimation which resulted in a state of ‘hyper’ high light acclimation in aureo1a silenced strains. This was indicated by characteristic changes of several photosynthetic parameters, including increased maximum photosynthesis rates, decreased chlorophyll a contents per cell and increased values of non-photochemical quenching in AUREO1a silenced strains compared to wild type cultures. Strikingly, AUREO1a silenced strains exhibited phenotypic differences compared to wild type cells during cultivation under BL as well as under red light (RL) conditions. Therefore, AUREO1a might influence the RL signalling process, suggesting an interaction of AUREO1a with RL perception pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Sachse
- Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | | - Ansgar Gruber
- Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Torsten Jakob
- Institut für Biologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter G. Kroth
- Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Premvardhan L, Réfrégiers M, Büchel C. Pigment organization effects on energy transfer and Chl a emission imaged in the diatoms C. meneghiniana and P. tricornutum in vivo: a confocal laser scanning fluorescence (CLSF) microscopy and spectroscopy study. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11272-81. [PMID: 23844975 DOI: 10.1021/jp402094c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The (auto)fluorescence from three diatom strains, Cyclotella meneghiniana (Cm), Phaeodactylum tricornutum 1a (Pt1a), and Phaeodactylum UTex (PtUTex), has been imaged in vivo to submicrometer resolution using confocal laser scanning fluorescence (CLSF) microscopy. The diatoms are excited at 473 and 532 nm, energy primarily absorbed by the carotenoid fucoxanthin (Fx) found within the fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c proteins (FCPs). On the basis of the fluorescence spectra measured in each image voxel, we obtain information about the spatial and energetic distribution of the terminal Chl a emitters, localized in the FCPs and the reaction centers of the PSII protein complexes, and the nature and location of the primary absorbers that are linked to these emitters; 532 nm excites the highly efficient Fx(red) light harvesters, and lesser amounts of Fx(green)s, that are enriched in some FCPs and preferentially transfer energy to PSII, compared to 473 nm, which excites almost equal amounts of all three previously identified sets of Fx--Fx(red), Fx(green) and Fx(blue)--as well as Chl c. The heterogeneous Chl a emission observed from the (C)LSF images indicates that the different Fx's serve different final emitters in P. tricornutum and suggest, at least in C. meneghiniana , a localization of FCPs with relatively greater Fx(red) content at the chloroplast edges, but with overall higher FCP concentration in the interior of the plastid. To better understand our results, the concentration-dependent ensemble-averaged diatom solution spectra are compared to the (auto)fluorescence spectra of individual diatoms, which indicate that pigment packing effects at an intracellular level do affect the diatoms' spectral properties, in particular, concerning a 710 nm emission band apparent under stress conditions. A species-specific response of the spectral signature to the incident light is also discussed in terms of the presence of a silica shell in Cm but not in Pt1a nor PtUTex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Premvardhan
- Synchrotron SOLEIL , L'Ormes des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif/Yvette Cedex, France
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Gundermann K, Schmidt M, Weisheit W, Mittag M, Büchel C. Identification of several sub-populations in the pool of light harvesting proteins in the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:303-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cao S, Wang J, Chen D. Settlement and cell division of diatomNaviculacan be influenced by light of various qualities and intensities. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 53:884-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology; Tsinghua University; Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiadao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology; Tsinghua University; Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Darong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology; Tsinghua University; Beijing, P.R. China
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Chukhutsina V, Büchel C, van Amerongen H. Variations in the first steps of photosynthesis for the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana grown under different light conditions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:10-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Juhas M, Büchel C. Properties of photosystem I antenna protein complexes of the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:3673-81. [PMID: 22442408 PMCID: PMC3388839 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of photosystem I (PSI) complexes from Cyclotella meneghiniana cultured under different growth conditions led to the identification of three groups of antenna proteins, having molecular weights of around 19, 18, and 17 kDa. The 19-kDa proteins have earlier been demonstrated to be more peripherally bound to PSI, and their amount in the PSI complexes was significantly reduced when the iron supply in the growth medium was lowered. This polypeptide was almost missing, and thus the total amount of fucoxanthin-chlorophyll proteins (Fcps) bound to PSI was reduced as well. When treating cells with high light in addition, no further changes in antenna polypeptide composition were detected. Xanthophyll cycle pigments were found to be bound to all Fcps of PSI. However, PSI of high light cultures had a significantly higher diatoxanthin to diadinoxanthin ratio, which is assumed to protect against a surplus of excitation energy. PSI complexes from the double-stressed cultures (high light plus reduced iron supply) were slightly more sensitive against destruction by the detergent treatment. This could be seen as a higher 674-nm emission at 77 K in comparison to the PSI complexes isolated from other growth conditions. Two major emission bands of the Fcps bound to PSI at 77 K could be identified, whereby chlorophyll a fluorescing at 697 nm was more strongly coupled to the PSI core than those fluorescing at 685 nm. Thus, the build up of the PSI antenna of several Fcp components enables variable reactions to several stress factors commonly experienced by the diatoms in vivo, in particular diatoxanthin enrichment under high light and reduction of antenna size under reduced iron conditions.
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