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Suwankanit K, Shimizu M, Suzuki K, Kaneda M. Usefulness of Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography for Detection of Quadriceps Contracture in Immobilized Rats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:76. [PMID: 38200807 PMCID: PMC10778017 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Quadriceps contracture is an abnormal pathological shortening of the muscle-tendon unit. To improve the prognosis of quadriceps contracture, improvement of its diagnostic method is needed. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic utility of ultrasound shear wave elastography in a rat model of quadriceps contracture induced by immobilization. Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and immobilization groups. During up to 4 weeks of joint immobilization, the quadriceps elastic modulus, muscle hardness, creatinine phosphokinase levels, joint range of motion, histopathologic parameters, and levels of fibrosis-associated mRNA expression were measured every week in the immobilization and control groups and compared. In the immobilization group, the elastic modulus gradually but significantly increased (p < 0.05) throughout the immobilization period. However, muscle hardness and serum creatinine phosphokinase levels only increased at 1 and 2 weeks after the start of immobilization, respectively. Muscle atrophy and shortening progressed throughout the immobilization group. Collagen type I and III, α-SMA protein, and mRNA expression of IL-1β and TGF-β1 significantly increased (p < 0.05) throughout in the immobilization group. Ultrasound shear wave elastography is the most useful method for clinical assessment of muscle contracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Suwankanit
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan;
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Miki Shimizu
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan;
| | - Kazuhiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan;
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
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Huenerfauth EI, Molnár V, Rosati M, Ciurkiewicz M, Söbbeler FJ, Harms O, Hildebrandt R, Baumgärtner W, Tipold A, Volk HA, Nessler J. Case Report: Unable to Jump Like a Kangaroo Due to Myositis Ossificans Circumscripta. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:886495. [PMID: 35865877 PMCID: PMC9295721 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.886495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A male 10-year-old captive red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) was presented with a chronic progressive pelvic limb lameness and reluctance to jump. The general examination revealed a palpable induration of the lumbar epaxial muscles. Magnetic resonance imaging performed under general anesthesia revealed bilateral almost symmetric, well-circumscribed mass lesions in superficial erector spinae muscles. The lesions had irregular to multilobulated appearance with hyper-, hypo-, and isointense areas in T2- and T1-weighted (w) sequences without contrast enhancement. On computed tomography, a peripheral rim of mineralization was apparent. Histopathological analysis of a muscle biopsy showed osseous trabeculae with rare clusters of chondrocytes indicating metaplasia of muscle tissue to bone. No indications of inflammation or malignancy were visible. The clinical, histopathological, and imaging workup of this case was consistent with myositis ossificans circumscripta. This disorder is particularly well-known among human professional athletes such as basketball players, where excessive, chronic-repetitive force or blunt trauma causes microtrauma to the musculature. Metaplasia of muscle tissue due to abnormal regeneration processes causes heterotopic ossification. The kangaroo's clinical signs improved with cyto-reductive surgery, cage rest, weight reduction, and meloxicam without further relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrice I. Huenerfauth
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Enrice I. Huenerfauth
| | | | - Marco Rosati
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz
- Department for Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Franz J. Söbbeler
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver Harms
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Hildebrandt
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department for Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Tipold
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Holger A. Volk
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jasmin Nessler
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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Spinella G, Tidu L, Grassato L, Musella V, Matarazzo M, Valentini S. Military Working Dogs Operating in Afghanistan Theater: Comparison between Pre- and Post-Mission Blood Analyses to Monitor Physical Fitness and Training. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050617. [PMID: 35268187 PMCID: PMC8909791 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In modern conflicts, one of the greatest risks for military personnel is represented by explosive devices. For this reason, specifically trained dogs able to detect explosives have been more and more intensively used in humanitarian military operations. However, at present, literature regarding working problems reported by these animals is very limited. The a of this study was to evaluate the health status of military dogs participating in humanitarian missions to Afghanistan, comparing their pre- and post-mission blood work. Dogs were first considered together as a group and then divided in groups by age, sex, breed and mission length. The results of the study show that there are no particular differences between their blood work before and after the missions. This indicates that the recorded dogs were physically well prepared to face their tasks. Abstract The intergovernmental organization known as the United Nations (UN) was born “to maintain international peace and security” through different operations and tasks, including “mine action” and “explosive detection”. Explosives are the most frequent cause of injuries in military personnel and an enormous danger for civilians. The role of explosive detection dogs (EDDs) and mine detection dogs has gained great consideration over time, leading to their intense use in military operations. Literature regarding working injuries reported by EDDs during missions is limited. The aim of the present study is to investigate the hematological changes that occurred between pre- and post-mission blood analyses in military working dogs deployed to Afghanistan in order to evaluate signs of health problems or physical adjustments. Examining the clinical records, only three dogs reported a medical issue, one with gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), and two with lameness episodes. Lack of health issues occurring during the missions was reflected by the absence of significant differences between pre- and post-mission blood analyses. Blood results were also examined by dividing the EDDs into groups considering age at departure, sex, breed and mission length. A few categories demonstrated significant changes in some parameters; however, the mean values were always included in the ranges of normality, indicating that their physical fitness and training were adequate for the required tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Spinella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, BO, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Tidu
- “Vittorio Veneto” Division Florence-NATO Multinational Division South, 50136 Firenze, FI, Italy;
| | - Lisa Grassato
- Veterinary Clinic “Il Podere”, 31038 Postioma, TV, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (S.V.)
| | - Vincenzo Musella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Germaneto, CZ, Italy;
| | | | - Simona Valentini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, BO, Italy;
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (S.V.)
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Myositis ossificans circumscripta of the triceps muscle in a Rottweiler dog. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 26:154-9. [DOI: 10.3415/vcot-12-02-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryA 20-month-old male Rottweiler dog was presented with the complaint of chronic right forelimb lameness that was unresponsive to conservative treatment. Physical examination allowed for the topographical identification of the source of the problem as a firm enlargement of the soft tissues that was partially movable from humeral bone and compatible with an alteration of the triceps brachii muscle. Radiographic images showed signs that were highly suggestive of myositis ossificans. Computed tomography allowed for a more accurate characterization of the lesion, to exclude involvement of the elbow joint and humeral bone, and to localize anatomically the lesion in the caput accessorium and longum of the triceps brachii muscle. Surgical excision of the ossified portion of the triceps muscle was performed. Histological examination of the excised tissue substantiated the diagnosis of myositis ossificans. A one year clinical and radiographic follow-up examination showed a complete recovery, with no evidence of complications or recurrence. Despite myositis ossificans in dogs having previously been identified in the hindlimbs, this case of myositis ossificans circumscripta of the triceps muscle suggests that it may also occur in the muscles of the forelimb.
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Traumatic fibrotic myopathy of the tensor fascia lata muscle in a Whippet. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2013; 26:328-31. [PMID: 23857575 DOI: 10.3415/vcot-12-09-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A two-year-old female neutered Whippet was referred for evaluation of progressive right pelvic limb lameness. Clinical examination revealed a fibrous band palpable along the cranial aspect of the quadriceps muscle group, and signs of discomfort on extension of the right hip. Computed tomography and ultrasonographic examination revealed mineralization of the tensor fascia lata muscle with enthesophytosis of its origin. Surgical exploration confirmed a fibrous band affecting the cranial border of the tensor fascia lata muscle. Resection of the band resulted in complete resolution of clinical signs. Histopathology was consistent with a fibrotic myopathy. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of a fibrotic myopathy affecting the tensor fascia lata muscle in the dog.
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Abstract
Practical relevance: There is an increasing demand for effective postoperative and post-injury rehabilitation for any cat with compromised physical function due to injury, surgery or disease. Clinical challenges: The design of a suitable rehabilitation programme that will assist the recovery process, as well as ensure the return of neuromusculoskeletal control to the highest levels of function possible, requires a good understanding of feline behaviour, accurate assessment of the cat’s condition and the correct implementation of a range of physiotherapeutic modalities. Audience: This two-part review article is directed at the primary care veterinary team. The clinical application of a variety of physiotherapeutic modalities in the rehabilitation of cats is examined in this second part. Evidence base: Although evidence supporting the benefits of physiotherapy and rehabilitation with cats is sparse, many techniques, treatments and rehabilitation regimens successfully used on human patients are being readily adapted for animal use. Treatment recommendations described in this review are primarily based on the author’s experience, and that of colleagues, except where specific reference is made to published evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Sharp
- The Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
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Ragetly GR, Griffon DJ, Johnson AL, Blevins WE, Valli VE. Bilateral iliopsoas muscle contracture and spinous process impingement in a German Shepherd dog. Vet Surg 2010; 38:946-53. [PMID: 20017852 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2009.00581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report diagnosis and treatment of bilateral iliopsoas muscle contracture in a dog with spinous process impingement. STUDY DESIGN Case report. ANIMALS German Shepherd dog. METHODS A dog with chronic progressive lameness, flexion contracture of the coxofemoral joints, severe pain, and decreased femoral reflexes had severe spondylosis bridging the vertebral bodies from L1 to L4 and enlarged dorsal spinous processes from T8 to L6 with impingement and bony proliferation. Ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were consistent with fibrosis, mineralization, and atrophy of the iliopsoas muscles bilaterally which was treated by staged tenectomy of the insertions of the iliopsoas muscles. RESULTS Because of severe perivascular fibrosis, the femoral vessels required ligation. Bilateral iliopsoas muscle tenectomy improved gait and provided pain relief. Histologic findings were consistent with fibrotic myopathy. CONCLUSIONS Slow progression of severe clinical signs observed bilaterally in this dog differs from previous reports of iliopsoas myopathy. Findings were similar to the fibrotic myopathy of the gracilis or semitendinosus muscles described in dogs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Iliopsoas muscle abnormalities should be considered in dogs with limited hip extension and pain. MRI is useful for diagnosing muscle fibrosis. Iliopsoas tenectomy may improve clinical function in dogs with fibrotic myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume R Ragetly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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