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Williams CM, Savage JS, Harper MT, Moore SF, Hers I, Poole AW. Identification of roles for the SNARE-associated protein, SNAP29, in mouse platelets. Platelets 2015; 27:286-94. [PMID: 26587753 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2015.1100282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are critical for maintaining vascular hemostasis, but also play a major role in the formation of occlusive cardiovascular and cerebrovascular thrombi under disease conditions. Secretion of platelet alpha and dense granules is a requirement for efficient thrombus formation. Understanding and targeting the mechanisms of secretion is important to aid the development of effective antithrombotics. SNAP29 is a tSNARE found in platelets, but whose role has not been defined. Using a platelet-specific SNAP29 knockout mouse model, we assessed the role of SNAP29 in platelet secretion and function under standardized conditions and also in in vitro and in vivo thrombosis. The data showed no major defects in SNAP29-null platelets, but revealed a minor defect in α-granule secretion and a significant increase in embolization rate of thrombi in vivo. These data suggest that SNAP29 contributes to the regulation of platelet α-granule secretion and thrombus stability, possibly partially masked by functional redundancy with other tSNAREs, such as SNAP23.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Williams
- a School of Physiology & Pharmacology , University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - J S Savage
- a School of Physiology & Pharmacology , University of Bristol , Bristol , UK.,b Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), School of Cancer Sciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham , UK
| | - M T Harper
- a School of Physiology & Pharmacology , University of Bristol , Bristol , UK.,c Department of Pharmacology , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - S F Moore
- a School of Physiology & Pharmacology , University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - I Hers
- a School of Physiology & Pharmacology , University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - A W Poole
- a School of Physiology & Pharmacology , University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
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Walker B, Schmid E, Russo A, Schmidt EM, Burk O, Münzer P, Velic A, Macek B, Schaller M, Schwab M, Seabra MC, Gawaz M, Lang F, Borst O. Impact of the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 on platelet dense granule biogenesis and secretion. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1325-34. [PMID: 25944668 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet secretion is critical to development of acute thrombotic occlusion. Platelet dense granules contain a variety of important hemostatically active substances. Nevertheless, biogenesis of platelet granules is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) has been shown to be highly expressed in platelets and megakaryocytes, but its role in the regulation of platelet granule biogenesis and its impact on thrombosis has not been investigated so far. METHODS AND RESULTS Electron microscopy analysis of the platelet ultrastructure revealed a significant reduction in the number and packing of dense granules in platelets lacking SGK1 (sgk1(-/-) ). In sgk1(-/-) platelets serotonin content was significantly reduced and activation-dependent secretion of ATP, serotonin and CD63 significantly impaired. In vivo adhesion after carotis ligation was significantly decreased in platelets lacking SGK1 and occlusive thrombus formation after FeCl3 -induced vascular injury was significantly diminished in sgk1(-/-) mice. Transcript levels and protein abundance of dense granule biogenesis regulating GTPase Rab27b were significantly reduced in sgk1(-/-) platelets without affecting Rab27b mRNA stability. In MEG-01 cells transfection with constitutively active (S422) (D) SGK1 but not with inactive (K127) (N) SGK1 significantly enhanced Rab27b mRNA levels. Sgk1(-/-) megakaryocytes show significantly reduced expression of Rab27b and serotonin/CD63 levels compared with sgk1(+/+) megakaryocytes. Proteome analysis identified nine further vesicular transport proteins regulated by SGK1, which may have an impact on impaired platelet granule biogenesis in sgk1(-/-) platelets independent of Rab27b. CONCLUSIONS The present observations identify SGK1 as a novel powerful regulator of platelet dense granule biogenesis, platelet secretion and thrombus formation. SGK1 is at least partially effective because it regulates transcription of Rab27b in megakaryocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Walker
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - E Schmid
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Russo
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - E-M Schmidt
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - O Burk
- Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - P Münzer
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Velic
- Proteom Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - B Macek
- Proteom Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Schwab
- Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M C Seabra
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - O Borst
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Bai J, Tang L, Lomas-Neira J, Chen Y, McLeish KR, Uriarte SM, Chung CS, Ayala A. TAT-SNAP-23 treatment inhibits the priming of neutrophil functions contributing to shock and/or sepsis-induced extra-pulmonary acute lung injury. Innate Immun 2014; 21:42-54. [PMID: 24391146 DOI: 10.1177/1753425913516524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory burst function of neutrophils is thought to play a pivotal role in the development of pathologies such as indirect (extra-pulmonary) acute lung injury (iALI), as well as sepsis. The current study was conducted to determine the effect of an HIV transactivator of transcription (TAT)-fusion protein containing a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor domain from synaptosome-associated protein-23 (SNAP-23) on the shock/sepsis- and sepsis-enhanced neutrophil burst capacity using the clinical relevant two-hit iALI mouse model and the classical cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) septic model. TAT-SNAP-23 significantly decreased the blood neutrophil respiratory burst in vitro, and also in vivo in CLP and hemorrhaged mice. We found that the neutrophil influx to the lung tissue, as measured by myeloperoxidase levels and neutrophil-specific esterase(+) cells, was also decreased in the TAT-SNAP-23-treated group. Consistent with this, treatment of TAT-SNAP-23 significantly reduced the disruption of lung tissue architecture and protein concentration of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in iALI mice compared with vehicle-treated iALI mice. In addition, although TAT-SNAP-23 did not alter the extent of local cytokine/chemokine expression, the in vitro migration capacity of neutrophils was blunted from septic and hemorrhagic mice. These data support our hypothesis that TAT-SNAP-23 reduces neutrophil dysfunction in iALI and sepsis by inhibiting neutrophil respiratory burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Bai
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lunxian Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Joanne Lomas-Neira
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yaping Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kenneth R McLeish
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA Robley Rx VAMC, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Chun-Shiang Chung
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Fitch-Tewfik JL, Flaumenhaft R. Platelet granule exocytosis: a comparison with chromaffin cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:77. [PMID: 23805129 PMCID: PMC3693082 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid secretion of bioactive amines from chromaffin cells constitutes an important component of the fight or flight response of mammals to stress. Platelets respond to stresses within the vasculature by rapidly secreting cargo at sites of injury, inflammation, or infection. Although chromaffin cells derive from the neural crest and platelets from bone marrow megakaryocytes, both have evolved a heterogeneous assemblage of granule types and a mechanism for efficient release. This article will provide an overview of granule formation and exocytosis in platelets with an emphasis on areas in which the study of chromaffin cells has influenced that of platelets and on similarities between the two secretory systems. Commonalities include the use of transporters to concentrate bioactive amines and other cargos into granules, the role of cytoskeletal remodeling in granule exocytosis, and the use of granules to provide membrane for cytoplasmic projections. The SNAREs and SNARE accessory proteins used by each cell type will also be considered. Finally, we will discuss the newly appreciated role of dynamin family proteins in regulated fusion pore formation. This evaluation of the comparative cell biology of regulated exocytosis in platelets and chromaffin cells demonstrates a convergence of mechanisms between two disparate cell types both tasked with responding rapidly to physiological stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Fitch-Tewfik
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- *Correspondence: Robert Flaumenhaft, Center for Life Science, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Room 939, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02215, USA e-mail:
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Ready to analyze genetically modified human platelets. Blood 2009; 114:4915-6. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-10-243873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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