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Wang X, Chen P, Wang J, Wang Y, Miao Y, Wang X, Li Q, Zhang X, Duan J. Acetolactate Decarboxylase as an Important Regulator of Intracellular Acidification, Morphological Features, and Antagonism Properties in the Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300337. [PMID: 38048544 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
SCORE This study identifies the coding gene (aldB) of acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC) as an important regulatory gene of the intracellular pH in Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), uncovering the important role of ALDC in regulating intracellular pH, morphological features, and antagonism properties in the probiotic organism L. reuteri. METHODS AND RESULTS The aldB mutant (ΔaldB) of L. reuteri is established using the homologous recombination method. Compare to the wild-type (WT) strain, the ΔaldB strain shows a smaller body size, grows more slowly, and contains more acid in the cell cytoplasm. The survival rate of the ΔaldB strain is much lower in low pH and simulated gastric fluid (SGF) than that of the WT strain, but higher in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The antagonism test demonstrates the ΔaldB strain can inhibit Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) and Salmonella more effectively than the WT strain. Additionally, there is a dramatic decrease in the adhesion rate of Salmonella to Caco-2 and HT-29 cells in the presence of the ΔaldB strain compared to the WT strain. Simultaneously analyze, the auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), hemolytic, temperature, NaCl, oxidative stress, and antibiotic susceptibility of the ΔaldB strain are consistent with the features of probiotics. CONCLUSION This study highlights that the aldB gene plays a significant role in the growth and antibacterial properties of L. reuteri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yu Miao
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinling Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qiulei Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jinyou Duan
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Production of the Food Enzyme Acetolactate Decarboxylase (ALDC) from Bacillus subtilis ICA 56 Using Agro-Industrial Residues as Feedstock. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During the beer brewing process, some compounds are formed in the primary fermentation step and may affect the final quality of beer. These compounds, called off flavors, such as diacetyl, are produced during fermentation and are related to a buttery taste. The use of acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC) in the traditional beer brewing process may significantly increase productivity since it allows for a faster decrease in the adverse flavor caused by diacetyl. However, production costs directly impact its application. For this reason, we analyzed the effect of different cultivation media on ALDC production by Bacillus subtilis ICA 56 and process economics. Different carbon and nitrogen sources, including agro-industrial residues, were evaluated. The best result was obtained using sugarcane molasses and corn steep solids (CSS), allowing a 74% reduction in ALDC production cost and an enzyme activity of 4.43 ± 0.12 U·mL−1. The enzymatic extract was then characterized, showing an optimum temperature at 40 °C and stability at different pH levels, being able to maintain more than 80% of its catalytic capacity between pH values of 3.6 and 7.0, with higher enzymatic activity at pH 6.0 (50 mM MES Buffer), reaching an ALDC activity of 5.30 ± 0.06 U·mL−1.
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Costa GP, Spolidoro LS, Manfroi V, Rodrigues RC, Hertz PF. α‐Acetolactate Decarboxylase Immobilized in Chitosan: A Highly Stable Biocatalyst to Prevent Off‐Flavor in Beer. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3295. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo P. Costa
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15090, ZC Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Luiza S. Spolidoro
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15090, ZC Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Vitor Manfroi
- Food Technology Department Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, ZC Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Rafael C. Rodrigues
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15090, ZC Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Plinho Francisco Hertz
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15090, ZC Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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Characterization of acetolactate decarboxylase of Streptococcus thermophilus and its stereoselectivity in decarboxylation of α-hydroxy-β-ketoacids. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cui Z, Mao Y, Zhao Y, Zheng M, Wang Z, Ma H, Chen T. One-pot efficient biosynthesis of (3 R)-acetoin from pyruvate by a two-enzyme cascade. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01332c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Opening the possibility of sustainable industrial (3R)-acetoin biomanufacturing in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Cui
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)
- SynBio Research Platform
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
| | - Yufeng Mao
- Biodesign Center
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Tianjin 300308
| | - Yujiao Zhao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)
- SynBio Research Platform
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
| | - Meiyu Zheng
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)
- SynBio Research Platform
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)
- SynBio Research Platform
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
| | - Hongwu Ma
- Biodesign Center
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Tianjin 300308
| | - Tao Chen
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)
- SynBio Research Platform
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
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Ji F, Li M, Feng Y, Wu S, Wang T, Pu Z, Wang J, Yang Y, Xue S, Bao Y. Structural and enzymatic characterization of acetolactate decarboxylase from Bacillus subtilis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6479-6491. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Guo Y, Pan D, Ding H, Wu Z, Sun Y, Zeng X. Purification and characterization of α-acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC) from newly isolated Lactococcus lactis DX. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:1655-1661. [PMID: 25131383 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diacetyl (2,3-butanedione) is a common flavor aroma from fermented dairy products. There is a need to screen new microorganisms that can efficiently produce large amounts of diacetyl. RESULTS A new lactic acid bacterium that produced high concentrations of diacetyl was identified based on Gram staining, microscopic examination and 16S rDNA sequence analysis as Lactococcus lactis DX. Its α-acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC) was purified using 0.45 g mL(-1) ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephacryl S-300 and S-200 HR and native-PAGE. The purified ALDC displayed a monomer structure and had a molecular mass of about 73.1 kDa, which was estimated using SDS-PAGE. IR analysis showed that the ALDC had a typical protein structure. The optimal temperature and pH for ALDC activity were 40 °C and 6.5 respectively. The ALDC of L. lactis DX was activated by Fe(2+) , Zn(2+) , Mg(2+) , Ba(2+) and Ca(2+) , while Cu(2+) significantly inhibited ALDC activity. Leucine, valine and isoleucine activated the ALDC. CONCLUSION A strain that had high ability to produce diacetyl was identified as L. lactis DX. The difference in diacetyl production may be due to the ALDC, which is different from other ALDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Guo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jinling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China
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Zhang X, Rao Z, Li J, Zhou J, Yang T, Xu M, Bao T, Zhao X. Improving the acidic stability of Staphylococcus aureus α-acetolactate decarboxylase in Bacillus subtilis by changing basic residues to acidic residues. Amino Acids 2014; 47:707-17. [PMID: 25543264 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The α-acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC) can reduce diacetyl fleetly to promote mature beer. A safe strain Bacillus subtilis WB600 for high-yield production of ALDC was constructed with the ALDC gene saald from Staphylococcus aureus L3-15. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that S. aureus α-acetolactate decarboxylase (SaALDC) was successfully expressed in recombinant B. siutilis strain. The enzyme SaALDC was purified using Ni-affinity chromatography and showed a maximum activity at 45 °C and pH 6.0. The values of K m and V max were 17.7 μM and 2.06 mM min(-1), respectively. Due to the unstable property of SaALDC at low pH conditions that needed in brewing process, site-directed mutagenesis was proposed for improving the acidic stability of SaALDC. Homology comparative modeling analysis showed that the mutation (K52D) gave rise to the negative-electrostatic potential on the surface of protein while the numbers of hydrogen bonds between the mutation site (N43D) and the around residues increased. Taken together the effect of mutation N43D-K52D, recombinant SaALDCN43D-K52D showed dramatically improved acidic stability with prolonged half-life of 3.5 h (compared to the WT of 1.5 h) at pH 4.0. In a 5-L fermenter, the recombinant B. subtilis strain that could over-express SaALDCN43D-K52D exhibited a high yield of 135.8 U mL(-1) of SaALDC activity, about 320 times higher comparing to 0.42 U mL(-1) of S. aureus L3-15. This work proposed a strategy for improving the acidic stability of SaALDC in the B. subtilis host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
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Hemme D, Foucaud-Scheunemann C. Leuconostoc, characteristics, use in dairy technology and prospects in functional foods. Int Dairy J 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2003.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McSweeney P, Fox P. Metabolism of Residual Lactose and of Lactate and Citrate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-558x(04)80074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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