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Berrocal L, Fuentes JA, Trombert AN, Jofré MR, Villagra NA, Valenzuela LM, Mora GC. stg fimbrial operon from S. Typhi STH2370 contributes to association and cell disruption of epithelial and macrophage-like cells. Biol Res 2015; 48:34. [PMID: 26149381 PMCID: PMC4494162 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) stg operon, encoding a chaperone/usher fimbria (CU), contributes to an increased adherence to human epithelial cells. However, one report suggests that the presence of the Stg fimbria impairs the monocyte—bacteria association, as deduced by the lower level of invasion to macrophage-like cells observed when the stg fimbrial cluster was overexpressed. Nevertheless, since other CU fimbrial structures increase the entry of S. Typhi into macrophages, and considering that transcriptomic analyses revealed that stg operon is indeed expressed in macrophages, we reassessed the role of the stg operon in the interaction between S. Typhi strain STH2370 and human cells, including macrophage-like cells and mononuclear cells directly taken from human peripheral blood. Results We compared S. Typhi STH2370 WT, a Chilean clinical strain, and the S. Typhi STH2370 Δstg mutant with respect to association and invasion using epithelial and macrophage-like cells. We observed that deletion of stg operon reduced the association and invasion of S. Typhi, in both cellular types. The presence of the cloned stg operon restored the WT phenotype in all the cases. Moreover, we compared Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium 14028s (S. Typhimurium, a serovar lacking stg operon) and S. Typhimurium heterologously expressing S. Typhi stg. We found that the latter presents an increased cell disruption of polarized epithelial cells and an increased association in both epithelial and macrophage-like cells. Conclusions S. Typhi stg operon encodes a functional adhesin that participates in the interaction bacteria—eukaryotic cells, including epithelial cells and macrophages-like cells. The phenotypes associated to stg operon include increased association and consequent invasion in bacteria—eukaryotic cells, and cell disruption. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40659-015-0024-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Berrocal
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile. .,Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 1509, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan A Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile.
| | - A Nicole Trombert
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile. .,Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Matías R Jofré
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile. .,Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 1509, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Nicolás A Villagra
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, República 313, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Luis M Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Guido C Mora
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, República 313, Santiago, Chile.
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Roach DR, Donovan DM. Antimicrobial bacteriophage-derived proteins and therapeutic applications. BACTERIOPHAGE 2015; 5:e1062590. [PMID: 26442196 DOI: 10.1080/21597081.2015.1062590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have the remarkable power to control bacterial infections. Unfortunately, widespread use, whether regarded as prudent or not, has favored the emergence and persistence of antibiotic resistant strains of human pathogenic bacteria, resulting in a global health threat. Bacteriophages (phages) are parasites that invade the cells of virtually all known bacteria. Phages reproduce by utilizing the host cell's machinery to replicate viral proteins and genomic material, generally damaging and killing the cell in the process. Thus, phage can be exploited therapeutically as bacteriolytic agents against bacteria. Furthermore, understanding of the molecular processes involved in the viral life cycle, particularly the entry and cell lysis steps, has led to the development of viral proteins as antibacterial agents. Here we review the current preclinical state of using phage-derived endolysins, virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolases, polysaccharide depolymerases, and holins for the treatment of bacterial infection. The scope of this review is a focus on the viral proteins that have been assessed for protective effects against human pathogenic bacteria in animal models of infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwayne R Roach
- Molecular Biology of the Genes in Extremophiles; Department of Microbiology; Institute Pasteur ; Paris, France
| | - David M Donovan
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory; NEA; Agricultural Research Service; US Department of Agriculture ; Beltsville, MD USA
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Draft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strain STH2370. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/1/e00104-14. [PMID: 24558245 PMCID: PMC3931366 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00104-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the draft genome sequence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain STH2370, isolated from a typhoid fever patient in Santiago, Chile. This clinical isolate has been used as the reference wild-type strain in numerous studies conducted in our laboratories during the last 15 years.
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Evidence for two putative holin-like peptides encoding genes of Bacillus pumilus strain WAPB4. Curr Microbiol 2012; 64:343-8. [PMID: 22231453 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-0074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
An open reading frame encoding a 71-amino acid BhlA bacteriocin-related holin-like peptide was present upstream of 86-amino acid holin-like peptide, xhlB, encoding gene in the genome of Bacillus pumilus strain WAPB4. Analysis of BhlA using TMHMM server suggested one putative transmembrane domain at the N-terminal part and a number of highly charged amino acid residues at the C-terminal part. XhlB of B. pumilus strain WAPB4 composed of two putative transmembrane domains separated by a β-turn, and numerous charged residues in the C-terminus. The dual start motifs were found in both BhlA and XhlB. Structural analysis of their sequence revealed features characteristic for holin. To analyze the effect of BhlA on bacteria cell, its ORF was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Expression of holin-like peptide, BhlA, was found to be toxic to the host cell. The site of action of BhlA is on the cell membrane and caused bacterial death by cell membrane disruption as clearly demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy or TEM.
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