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Liu F, Feng X, Zheng J, Leung F, Chen B. Biomechanical comparison of the undercut thread design versus conventional buttress thread for the lag screw of the dynamic hip screw system. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1019172. [PMID: 36394045 PMCID: PMC9649579 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1019172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To compare the fixation stability of the lag screw with a undercut thread design for the dynamic hip screw (DHS) system versus the lag screw with the conventional buttress thread. Methods: The lag screws with the undercut thread (a flat crest feature, a tip-facing undercut feature) and buttress thread were both manufactured. Fixation stability was investigated using cyclic compressive biomechanical testing on custom osteoporotic femoral head sawbone. The forces required for the same vertical displacement in the two types of lag screw were collected to evaluate the resistance to migration. Varus angle was measured on X-ray images to assess the ability in preventing varus collapse. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to analyze the stress and strain distribution at the bone-screw interface of the two types of lag screws. Results: The biomechanical test demonstrated that the force required to achieve the same vertical displacement of the lag screw with the undercut thread was significantly larger than the lag screw with conventional buttress thread (p < 0.05). The average varus angles generated by the undercut and buttress threads were 3.38 ± 0.51° and 5.76 ± 0.38°, respectively (p < 0.05). The FEA revealed that the region of high-stress concentration in the bone surrounding the undercut thread was smaller than that surrounding the buttress thread. Conclusion: The proposed DHS system lag screw with the undercut thread had higher migration resistance and superior fixation stability than the lag screw with the conventional buttress thread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoreng Feng
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Yangjiang People’s Hospital, Yangjiang, China
| | - Jianxiong Zheng
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Frankie Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Chakraborty A, Sahare KD, Datta P, Majumder S, Roychowdhury A, Basu B. Probing the Influence of Hybrid Thread Design On Biomechanical Response of Dental Implants: Finite Element Study and Experimental Validation. J Biomech Eng 2022; 145:1143180. [PMID: 35838340 DOI: 10.1115/1.4054984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform quantitative biomechanical analysis, probing the effect of varying thread shapes in an implant for improved primary stability in prosthodontics surgery. METHODS Dental implants with square (SQR), buttress (BUT) and triangular (TRI) thread shapes or their combinations. Cone-beam computed tomography images of mandible molar zones in human subjects belonging to three age groups were used for virtual implantation of designed implants, to quantify patient-specific peri-implant bone micro-strain, using finite element analyses. The in silico analyses were carried out considering frictional contact to simulate immediate loading with a static masticatory force of 200 N. In order to validate computational biomechanics results, compression tests were performed on 3D printed implants having investigated thread architectures. Bone/implant contact areas were also quantitatively assessed. RESULTS Bone/implant contact was maximum for SQR implants followed by BUT and TRI implants. For all the cases, peak micro-strain was recorded in the cervical cortical bone. The combination of different thread shapes in the middle or apical part (or both) was demonstrated to improve peri-implant micro-strain particularly for BUT and TRI. CONCLUSIONS Considering 1500-2000 micro-strain generates in peri-implant bone during regular physiological functioning, BUT-SQR, BUT-TRI-SQR, TRI-SQR-BUT, SQR, SQR-BUT-TRI design concepts were suitable for younger; BUT-TRI-SQR, BUT-SQR-TRI, TRI-SQR-BUT, SQR-BUT, SQR-TRI for middle-aged, and BUT-TRI-SQR, BUT-SQR-TRI, TRI-BUT-SQR, SQR, SQR-TRI for older group of human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Chakraborty
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, P.O. - Botanic Garden, Howrah- 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Kalash Darshan Sahare
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, P.O. - Botanic Garden, Howrah- 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Pallab Datta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata- 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Santanu Majumder
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, P.O. - Botanic Garden, Howrah- 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Amit Roychowdhury
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, P.O. - Botanic Garden, Howrah- 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Bengaluru- 560012, Karnataka, India
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Sadr K, Vahid Pakdel SM. A 3-D finite element analysis of the effect of dental implant thread angle on stress distribution in the surrounding bone. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2022; 16:53-61. [PMID: 35936938 PMCID: PMC9339749 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2022.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an increase in fixture thread face angle on the amount and distribution of stresses in the surrounding bone of implants with four different thread shapes by three-dimensional finite element analysis. Methods. Eight different fixture designs, with v-shaped, buttress, reverse buttress, and trapezoid threads, and two face angles of 20 and 35 degrees, were modeled using a software program. Each model was affected by two static forces with different values and angles (200-N axial 0° force and 100-N 45° oblique force) to compare the distribution of stress in different fixture designs. Results. The maximum von Mises stress was detected in v-shaped threads. An increase in the angle of the threads to 35° significantly decreased maximum von Mises stress in cortical bone in v-shaped and reverse buttress threads; however, the von Mises stress in the trapezoid and buttress threads increased with an increase in the thread angle. Conclusion. Under the limitations of this study, although the shape of the thread and thread surface angle does not have a definite role in stress distribution in the bone surrounding the implant, they are effective in the amount and type of stress induced in the bone supporting the implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Sadr
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mahdi Vahid Pakdel
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Naghshbandi J. The influence of local and systemic factors upon dental implant osseointegration: A critical review. SAUDI JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/sjos.sjoralsci_79_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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5
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Influence of Thread Design on Dental Implant Osseointegration Assayed Using the Lan-Yu Mini-Pig Model. J Med Biol Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-017-0240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mangano C, Piattelli A, Mortellaro C, Mangano F, Perrotti V, Iezzi G. Evaluation of Peri-Implant Bone Response in Implants Retrieved for Fracture After More Than 20 Years of Loading: A Case Series. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2015; 41:414-8. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-13-00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of human retrieved dental implants is a useful tool in the evaluation of implant success and failure. More human histological data are needed from samples of long-term implant service. The aim of the present case series was a histological and histomorphometrical evaluation of the peri-implant bone responses in implants retrieved for fracture after more than 20 years loading. The archives of the Implant Retrieval Center of the Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences of the University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy were searched. A total of 5 implants, retrieved after a loading period of more than 20 years, were found: 2 had been retrieved after 20 years, 1 after 22 years, 1 after 25 years, and 1 after 27 years. All these implants were histologically processed. Compact, mature bone in close contact with the implant surface was observed in all specimens, with no gaps or connective tissue at the interface. Bone in different maturation stages was found around some implants. Primarily newly formed bone was observed in proximity of the implant surface, while mature compact bone with many remodeling areas and cement lines were detected in areas distant from the implant. Many primary and secondary osteons were present. Bone to implant contact percentage varied from 37.2% to 76%. In conclusion, histology and histomorphometry showed that even after many years of function, all implants presented more than adequate bone to implant contact and they appeared to be very well integrated in the peri-implant bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Mangano
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria-Varese, Varese, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmen Mortellaro
- Department of Health Sciences “A. Avogadro”, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Mangano
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria-Varese, Varese, Italy
| | - Vittoria Perrotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Dagorne C, Malet J, Bizouard G, Mora F, Rangé H, Bouchard P. Clinical evaluation of two dental implant macrostructures on peri-implant bone loss: a comparative, retrospective study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 26:307-13. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Dagorne
- Department of Periodontology; Service of Odontology; Rothschild Hospital; AP-HP; Paris 7 - Denis Diderot University; U.F.R. of Odontology; Paris France
| | - Jacques Malet
- Department of Periodontology; Service of Odontology; Rothschild Hospital; AP-HP; Paris 7 - Denis Diderot University; U.F.R. of Odontology; Paris France
| | | | - Francis Mora
- Department of Periodontology; Service of Odontology; Rothschild Hospital; AP-HP; Paris 7 - Denis Diderot University; U.F.R. of Odontology; Paris France
| | - Hélène Rangé
- Department of Periodontology; Service of Odontology; Rothschild Hospital; AP-HP; Paris 7 - Denis Diderot University; U.F.R. of Odontology; Paris France
| | - Philippe Bouchard
- Department of Periodontology; Service of Odontology; Rothschild Hospital; AP-HP; Paris 7 - Denis Diderot University; U.F.R. of Odontology; Paris France
- EA 2496; Paris Descartes University; France
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Barkarmo S, Andersson M, Currie F, Kjellin P, Jimbo R, Johansson CB, Stenport V. Enhanced bone healing around nanohydroxyapatite-coated polyetheretherketone implants: An experimental study in rabbit bone. J Biomater Appl 2014; 29:737-47. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328214542854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the bone response to threaded polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implants coated with nanohydroxyapatite. Materials and methods A total of 39 PEEK implants were coated with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite and 39 uncoated implants were used as controls. The implant surface was characterized by optical interferometry and scanning electron microscope. The implants were inserted in the tibia and femur of 13 rabbits. After 6 weeks of healing, quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed. Results The test implants showed significantly higher removal torque test values compared with the control group. Histomorphometric evaluation demonstrated higher bone-to-implant contact for the test implants; however, there were no differences in bone area between the groups. Qualitative histological analyses demonstrated inflammatory cellular reactions in close vicinity of both implant surfaces. A two-cell layer of foreign body giant cells was observed irrespective of sample type. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that implants with a threaded design render good stability to PEEK in both coated and uncoated implants. Nanohydroxyapatite-coated PEEK implants demonstrated improved bone formation compared with uncoated controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barkarmo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Andersson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Applied Surface Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - F Currie
- Promimic AB, Stena Center 1B, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Kjellin
- Promimic AB, Stena Center 1B, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R Jimbo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - CB Johansson
- Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - V Stenport
- Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ballo AM, Akca E, Ozen T, Moritz N, Lassila L, Vallittu P, Närhi T. Effect of implant design and bioactive glass coating on biomechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composite implants. Eur J Oral Sci 2014; 122:303-9. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Ballo
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; University of British Columbia Faculty of Dentistry; Vancouver BC Canada
- Dental Implant and Osseointegration Research Chair; College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Eralp Akca
- Department of Periodontology; Dental Sciences Center; Gulhane Military Medical Academy; Ankara Turkey
| | - Tuncer Ozen
- Department of Periodontology; Dental Sciences Center; Gulhane Military Medical Academy; Ankara Turkey
| | - Niko Moritz
- Orthopedic Research Unit; Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science; Institute of Dentistry; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - Pekka Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science; Institute of Dentistry; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - Timo Närhi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry; Institute of Dentistry; University of Turku; Turku Finland
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A Histological and Histomorphometrical Evaluation of Retrieved Human Implants With a Wettable, Highly Hydrophilic, Hierarchically Microstructured Surface. IMPLANT DENT 2013; 22:138-42. [DOI: 10.1097/id.0b013e3182828114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Peri-implant bone tissues around retrieved human implants after time periods longer than 5 years: a retrospective histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of 8 cases. Odontology 2012; 102:116-21. [PMID: 22926108 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-012-0084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Only rarely, it is possible to find in the literature histological reports of human retrieved implants, especially after several years of functional loading. These implants can help us in understanding the reactions of peri-implant bone. The aim of this study was to perform a histologic and histomorphometric analysis of the peri-implant tissues behavior and of the bone-titanium interface in titanium dental implants retrieved from patients after time periods longer than 5 years. The archives of the Implant Retrieval Center of the Dental School of the University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy were searched for human dental implants, retrieved after a loading period of more than 5 years. A total of 8 implants were found: 3 of these had been retrieved after 5 years, 1 after 6 years, one after 10 years, 1 after 14 years, 1 after 18 years, 1 after 22 years. Only the bone to implant contact in the three best threads was evaluated. Compact, mature, lamellar bone, with few and small marrow spaces, was present around the implants. Osteons with Haversian canals were present inside some threads, in close proximity to the interface, at both cortical and trabecular regions. Other osteons had a direction perpendicular to the direction of the long axis of the implants. Numerous reversal lines were present. At higher magnification, no gaps or fibrous, connective tissues were present at the interface. The BIC of the three best threads for all implants varied from 94 to 100 %.In conclusion, within the limitations of the present report histology showed that implants with different surfaces all presented the potential to maintain osseointegration over a long period, with a continuous remodeling at the interface, as indicated by the presence of reversal lines.
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Koistinen AP, Korhonen H, Kiviranta I, Kröger H, Lappalainen R. Analysis of plastic deformation in cortical bone after insertion of coated and non-coated self-tapping orthopaedic screws. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2011; 225:629-39. [PMID: 21870370 DOI: 10.1177/0954411911406471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Insertion of internal fracture fixation devices, such as screws, mechanically weakens the bone. Diamond-like carbon has outstanding tribology properties which may decrease the amount of damage in tissue. The purpose of this study was to investigate methods for quantification of cortical bone damage after orthopaedic bone screw insertion and to evaluate the effect of surface modification on tissue damage. In total, 48 stainless steel screws were inserted into cadaver bones. Half of the screws were coated with a smooth amorphous diamond coating. Geometrical data of the bones was determined by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Thin sections of the bone samples were prepared after screw insertion, and histomorphometric evaluation of damage was performed on images obtained using light microscopy. Micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy were also used to examine tissue damage. A positive correlation was found between tissue damage and the geometric properties of the bone. The age of the cadaver significantly affected the bone mineral density, as well as the damage perimeter and diameter of the screw hole. However, the expected positive effect of surface modification was probably obscured by large variations in the results and, thus, statistically significant differences were not found in this study. This can be explained by natural variability in bone tissue, which also made automated image analysis difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Koistinen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Abuhussein H, Pagni G, Rebaudi A, Wang HL. The effect of thread pattern upon implant osseointegration. Clin Oral Implants Res 2010; 21:129-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Nonlinear finite element analyses: Advances and challenges in dental applications. J Dent 2008; 36:463-71. [PMID: 18455859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2008.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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15
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Histological comparison between implants retrieved from patients with and without osteoporosis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 37:321-7. [PMID: 18262765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2007.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Revised: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this restrospective histologic study was to evaluate the bone-to-implant contact of loaded implants retrieved from patients with and without osteoporosis. The evaluated material consisted of 22 threaded, cylindrical, loaded dental implants retrieved from 21 patients: 7 from 7 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (osteoporosis group) and the remaining 15 from 14 patients without history of osteoporosis or other metabolic diseases (control group). Histologic analysis revealed bone tissue in the threads of the retrieved implants, with variations in the percentage of bone-to-implant contact for the implants retrieved from both groups. The pristine bone was mostly mature bone and/or lamellar and compact, and numerous osteocytes were observed in the lacunae, although areas of woven bone could be distinguished. In some specimens, there were areas of newly formed bone exhibiting different degrees of maturation and remodeling. The mean bone-to-implant contact was 46.00+/-11.46% and 47.84+/-14.03% for the osteoporosis group and control group, respectively. The results of this histomorphometric study suggest that osteoporosis may not be a contra-indication for implant placement, at least after osseointegration has been established.
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Grassi S, Piattelli A, de Figueiredo LC, Feres M, de Melo L, Iezzi G, Alba RC, Shibli JA. Histologic Evaluation of Early Human Bone Response to Different Implant Surfaces. J Periodontol 2006; 77:1736-43. [PMID: 17032118 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.050325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated that roughened dental implant surfaces show firmer bone fixation and an increased percentage of bone-to-implant contact (BIC%) compared to commercially pure titanium-surface (machined) implants. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of implant-surface topography on human bone tissue after 2 months of unloaded healing. METHODS Fourteen subjects with a mean age of 46.87 +/- 9.45 years received two microimplants each (2.5 mm in diameter and 6 mm in length), one test (sandblasted acid-etched surface) and one control (machined surface), either in the mandible or in the maxilla. After a healing period of 2 months, the microimplants and surrounding tissues were removed with a trephine bur and prepared for histologic analysis. RESULTS All microimplants, except for one of the controls, were clinically stable after the healing period. Histometric evaluation indicated that the mean BIC% was 23.08% +/- 11.95% and 42.83% +/- 9.80% for machined and rough microimplant surfaces, respectively (P = 0.0005). The bone area within the threads was also higher for sandblasted-surface implants (P = 0.0005). The mean percentage of bone density did not differ between the two groups (P = 0.578). CONCLUSION Data from the present histological study suggest that the sandblasted acid-etched implant provides a better human bone tissue response than machined implants under unloaded conditions after a healing period of 2 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauro Grassi
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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