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Pamuk F, Lütfioğlu M, Paksoy T, Koyuncuoglu CZ, Polat NG, Cifcibasi E, Yildirim S, Kantarci A. Impact of low-level laser therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment on the levels of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in Stage 3-4, Grade C periodontitis patients: a split-mouth, randomized control study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6439-6449. [PMID: 37709984 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on the plasminogen-activating system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stage 3-4 Grade C periodontitis and age-gender-matched healthy individuals participated in the split-mouth study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT05233501). The study groups were Periodontitis/NSPT (Sham); Periodontitis/NSPT + LLLT (LLLT); Healthy (Control). Following NSPT, LLLT was applied on Days 0, 2 and 7. Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and on Day 30. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected at baseline, on days 7, 14, and 30; tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were measured with ELISA. RESULTS Clinical parameters, total GCF tPA (tPAt) and PAI-1 (PAI-1t) levels significantly reduced in LLLT and Sham groups (< 0.001). GCF tPAt levels in LLLT were significantly lower (< 0.05) than Sham on Day 7. GCF tPAt levels in periodontitis groups were significantly higher than the Control at baseline, on Days 7 and 14 (< 0.01). By Day 30, both groups decreased to control levels (> 0.05). GCF PAI-1t levels were significantly lower in LLLT than the Sham on day 30 (< 0.01), comparable to healthy controls (> 0.05). CONCLUSION Adjunctive LLLT modulates the plasminogen activating system in severe periodontitis by altering GCF tPA and PAI-1 levels. CLINICAL RELEVANCE LLLT as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with Stage 3-4 Grade C leads to reduced plasminogen activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pamuk
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - M Lütfioğlu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - T Paksoy
- Hamidiye Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - C Z Koyuncuoglu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N G Polat
- Clinical Laboratory, Unit of Immunology and Allergy, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Cifcibasi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Yildirim
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - A Kantarci
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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2
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Dutra TP, Sacramento CM, Nagay BE, Magno MB, Marañón-Vásquez GA, Maia LC, Sallum EA, Ruiz KGS. Do smokers have a different gingival crevicular fluid cytokine/chemokine profile than nonsmokers in clinically healthy periodontal sites? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1183-1197. [PMID: 34812957 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assessing the evidence and comparing the levels of cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontal healthy sites of smokers and nonsmokers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven databases were surveyed for observational studies up to April 8, 2021. Studies comparing cytokine levels on GCF in periodontally healthy sites of smokers vs. nonsmokers were included in the study. The risk of bias was evaluated using NIH (2014) tool. For meta-analyses, levels in GCF were analyzed, followed by evidence certainty assessment using the GRADE approach. RESULTS Eighteen studies were included for qualitative evaluation, and eight were included in meta-analysis. Qualitatively, despite high heterogeneity and risk of bias observed among the studies, most of them presented no significant difference in the gingival crevicular cytokine fluid levels between groups. Regarding meta-analyses, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in GCF were analyzed. The significant difference was observed only in SOD levels, where heavy smokers had lower levels compared to nonsmokers (MD - 30.06 [- 40.17, - 19.96], p = 0.07, 95%CI), as well as light smokers had lower levels compared to nonsmokers (MD - 15.22 [- 16.05, - 14.39], p < 0.00001, 95%CI). CONCLUSION No distinct GCF cytokine profiles were detected for smokers and non-smokers. However, despite the limitations observed in the included studies, lower levels of SOD were identified in smokers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Indicating a distinct GCF profile of cytokines in periodontal healthy smokers may help to understand the mechanism whereby smoking may affect the host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Pereira Dutra
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Catharina Marques Sacramento
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna Egumi Nagay
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Prosthodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Marcela Baraúna Magno
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Guido Artemio Marañón-Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Enílson Antonio Sallum
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Karina Gonzales Silverio Ruiz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
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Tütüncüoğlu S, Cetinkaya BO, Pamuk F, Avci B, Keles GC, Kurt-Bayrakdar S, Lütfioğlu M. Clinical and biochemical evaluation of oral irrigation in patients with peri-implant mucositis: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:659-671. [PMID: 34251534 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the efficacy of an oral irrigator and an interdental brush in patients with peri-implant mucositis clinically and biochemically at different time points (at baseline and at the 2nd, 4th, and 12th weeks). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five patients with at least one implant with peri-implant mucositis were included in the present study (n = 45). The patients were divided into three groups: oral irrigator + toothbrush (OI group, n = 15), interdental brush + toothbrush (IB group, n = 15), and toothbrush only (control) (C group, n = 15). The modified plaque index (mPlI), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), probing attachment level (PAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at baseline and at the 2nd, 4th, and 12th weeks. The levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were also determined in the peri-implant crevicular fluid samples biochemically. RESULTS The mSBI and t-PA at the 2nd week (p = 0.003; p = 0.003); the mPlI, mSBI, BOP, t-PA, and PAI-1 at the 4th week (p < 0.05; p < 0.001; p < 0.001; p = 0.015; p = 0.011); and the mPlI, mSBI, IL-1β, t-PA, and PAI-1 at the 12th week (p < 0.05; p < 0.001; p = 0.013; p < 0.001; p = 0.002) were significantly lower in the OI group compared with those in the C group. Meanwhile, PAI-1 at the 2nd week, mSBI at the 4th week, and t-PA at the 12th week were significantly lower in the OI group compared with those in the IB group (p < 0.001; p = 0.011; p = 0.003). At the 2nd, 4th, and 12th weeks, all other parameters were not statistically different in the three groups. CONCLUSION The clinical indexes (such as mSBI and BOP) that play an important role in the diagnosis of peri-implant mucositis showed the lowest means (although limited) in the OI group at all evaluation time points. Moreover, when the clinical and biochemistry results were interpreted altogether, it became apparent that the OI group exhibited similar or more effective results than the IB group in resolving peri-implant mucositis. In light of the foregoing, this study concluded that the use of an oral irrigator can be as effective as an interdental brush in interdental cleaning. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, it is suggested that the regular use of an oral irrigator along with a toothbrush could be an appropriate alternative to other oral hygiene products such as dental floss and interdental brush for the management of peri-implant mucositis by preventing the accumulation of dental plaque (NCT03844035).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Burcu Ozkan Cetinkaya
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ferda Pamuk
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Avci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gonca Cayir Keles
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevda Kurt-Bayrakdar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Müge Lütfioğlu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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4
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Mota de Oliveira M, Peterle GT, Monteiro da Silva Couto CV, de Lima Maia L, Kühl A, Gasparini Dos Santos J, Moysés RA, Trivilin LO, Borçoi AR, Archanjo AB, Evangelista Monteiro de Assis AL, Nunes FD, Santos MD, Álvares da Silva AM. PAI-1 expression in intratumoral inflammatory infiltrate contributes to lymph node metastasis in oral cancer: A cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 65:102303. [PMID: 34094525 PMCID: PMC8167432 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune cells contribute with mediators in the protein expression profile of the tumor microenvironment. Levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are elevated in non-malignant inflammatory conditions; however, the association between PAI-1 expression and inflammation remains uncertain in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to investigate PAI-1 expression in mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate in OSCC and its role as a prognostic marker. Methods Samples were collected from patients with OSCC, treated surgically, and followed for 24 months after the procedure. Thirty-nine tumoral tissue were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Correlation between protein expression, clinicopathological parameters, and the prognosis was investigated. Results Positive PAI-1 expression in mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate was significantly associated with lymph node status (p = 0.009) and with the cytoplasmic expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) (p = 0.028). Multivariate analysis revealed weak PAI-1 expression as an independent marker for lymph node metastases, with approximately 8-fold increased risk compared to strong expression (OR = 8.60; CI = 1.54-48.08; p = 0.014). Conclusion Our results suggest that the strong PAI-1 expression in intratumoral inflammatory infiltrate is an indicator of a better prognosis for patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Mota de Oliveira
- Biotechnology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Tonini Peterle
- Biotechnology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas de Lima Maia
- Biotechnology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Andre Kühl
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Raquel Ajub Moysés
- Head and Neck Surgery Service, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Ribeiro Borçoi
- Biotechnology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio Daumas Nunes
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dos Santos
- Multicampi School of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Rio Grande do Norte, Caicó, RN, Brazil
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Kayar NA, Üstün K, Gözlü M, Haliloğlu S, Alptekin NÖ. The effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy on neutrophil elastase and elastase alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor levels in GCF in periodontitis patients with or without acute coronary syndrome. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:3329-3338. [PMID: 33687554 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontitis may contribute to vascular damage, resulting in the destabilization of atherosclerotic plaque leading to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In this study, we explored the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on cardiovascular blood biomarkers and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) neutrophil elastase (NE) and α1-proteinase inhibitor (α-1PI) levels in periodontitis (P) participants with and without ACS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical and dental examinations were performed to diagnose ACS and periodontitis, respectively. Seventeen patients with diagnosis of ACS and periodontitis were included in this study, as a test group (group ACS). Twenty-six age and sex-matched control patients with periodontitis (group P) were otherwise systemically healthy. Both groups received NSPT. Plasma levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), C-reactive protein (CRP), GCF NE activity, GCF α1-PI levels, and GCF NE/α1-PI rates were measured at baseline, at1st and 3rd months after NSPT. RESULTS GCF NE activity/time (μU/30s) decreased significantly at 3rd month compared to baseline values in the Group P after NSPT. First and 3rd months after NSPT, in the Group P GCF α1-PI activity/time (pg/30s) was significantly higher than the Group ACS. Moreover GCF NE/α1-PI rates decreased significantly compared to baseline values at 1st and 3rd months after NSPT in the group P. CONCLUSION NSPT yields decrease in NE/α1-PI rates. NE and its possible interactions with α1-PI may play a crucial role in both periodontitis and ACS. GCF α1PI activity/time (U/30s) can be a potential biomarker in management of periodontitis associated with ACS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The GCF α1-PI reduction may alter the immune-inflammatory response in patients with periodontitis and thus increase the risk of ACS. TRIAL REGISTRATION Thai Clinical Trials.gov (NCT04785235).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezahat Arzu Kayar
- Department of Periodontology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Dentistry, 07058, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Kemal Üstün
- Department of Periodontology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Dentistry, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Muammer Gözlü
- Department of Periodontology, Selcuk University Faculty of Dentistry, Konya, Turkey.,Dentesthetic Oral and Dental Clinic, Konya, Turkey
| | - Seyfullah Haliloğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Özlem Alptekin
- Department of Periodontology, Baskent University Faculty of Dentistry, 06790, Ankara, Turkey
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6
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Buduneli N, Scott DA. Tobacco-induced suppression of the vascular response to dental plaque. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:271-282. [PMID: 29768735 PMCID: PMC8246627 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking presents oral health professionals with a clinical and research conundrum: reduced periodontal vascular responsiveness to the oral biofilm accompanied by increased susceptibility to destructive periodontal diseases. This presents a significant problem, hampering diagnosis and complicating treatment planning. The aim of this review is to summarize contemporary hypotheses that help to explain mechanistically the phenomenon of a suppressed bleeding response to dysbiotic plaque in the periodontia of smokers. The influence of smoke exposure on angiogenesis, innate cell function, the production of inflammatory mediators including cytokines and proteases, tobacco-bacteria interactions, and potential genetic predisposition are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A. Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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7
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Pamuk F, Lütfioğlu M, Aydoğdu A, Koyuncuoglu CZ, Cifcibasi E, Badur OS. The effect of low-level laser therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1, tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in smoking and non-smoki. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:872-882. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Pamuk
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Yeditepe Univesity; Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul Aydin University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - M. Lütfioğlu
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Ondokuzmayis University; Samsun Turkey
| | - A. Aydoğdu
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul Research and Application Center; Baskent University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - C. Z. Koyuncuoglu
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul Aydin University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - E. Cifcibasi
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - O. S. Badur
- Division of Virology and Immunology; Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
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8
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Kurgan Ş, Önder C, Balcı N, Fentoğlu Ö, Eser F, Balseven M, Serdar MA, Tatakis DN, Günhan M. Gingival crevicular fluid tissue/blood vessel-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:574-581. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ş. Kurgan
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
| | - C. Önder
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
| | - N. Balcı
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul Medipol University; İstanbul Turkey
| | - Ö. Fentoğlu
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Süleyman Demirel University; Isparta Turkey
| | - F. Eser
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital; Ankara Turkey
| | - M. Balseven
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Pamukkale University; Denizli Turkey
| | - M. A. Serdar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; School of Medicine; Acıbadem University; Ankara Turkey
| | - D. N. Tatakis
- Division of Periodontology; College of Dentistry; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - M. Günhan
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
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9
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Wehner C, Janjić K, Agis H. Relevance of the plasminogen system in physiology, pathology, and regeneration of oral tissues - From the perspective of dental specialties. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 74:136-145. [PMID: 27743595 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plasmin is a proteolytic enzyme that is crucial in fibrinolysis. In oral tissues, the plasminogen system plays an essential role in physiological and pathological processes, which in addition to fibrinolysis include degradation of extracellular matrix, inflammation, immune response, angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, cell migration, and wound healing. Oral tissues reveal a change in the plasminogen system during pathological processes such as periodontitis, peri-implantitis, or pulpitis, as well as in response to mechanical load. The plasminogen system is also a key element in tissue regeneration. The number of studies investigating the plasminogen system in dentistry have grown continuously in recent years, highlighting its increasing relevance in dental medicine. In this review, we present the diverse functions of the plasminogen system in physiology and its importance for dental specialists in pathology and regeneration. We thus provide an overview of the current knowledge on the role of the plasminogen system in the different fields of dentistry, including endodontics, orthodontics, periodontics, and oral surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wehner
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klara Janjić
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Agis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Nagarajan R, Miller CS, Dawson D, Al-Sabbagh M, Ebersole JL. Cross-talk between clinical and host-response parameters of periodontitis in smokers. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:342-352. [PMID: 27431617 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontal diseases are a major public health concern leading to tooth loss and have also been shown to be associated with several chronic systemic diseases. Smoking is a major risk factor for the development of numerous systemic diseases, as well as periodontitis. While it is clear that smokers have a significantly enhanced risk for developing periodontitis leading to tooth loss, the population varies regarding susceptibility to disease associated with smoking. This investigation focused on identifying differences in four broad sets of variables, consisting of: (i) host-response molecules; (ii) periodontal clinical parameters; (iii) antibody responses to periodontal pathogens and oral commensal bacteria; and (iv) other variables of interest, in a population of smokers with (n = 171) and without (n = 117) periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bayesian network structured learning (BNSL) techniques were used to investigate potential associations and cross-talk between the four broad sets of variables. RESULTS BNSL revealed two broad communities with markedly different topology between the populations of smokers, with and without periodontitis. Confidence of the edges in the resulting network also showed marked variations within and between the periodontitis and nonperiodontitis groups. CONCLUSION The results presented validated known associations and discovered new ones with minimal precedence that may warrant further investigation and novel hypothesis generation. Cross-talk between the clinical variables and antibody profiles of bacteria were especially pronounced in the case of periodontitis and were mediated by the antibody response profile to Porphyromonas gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nagarajan
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - C S Miller
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Oral Health Practice, Division of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - D Dawson
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Oral Health Practice, Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - M Al-Sabbagh
- Department of Oral Health Practice, Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - J L Ebersole
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Oral Health Practice, Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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11
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Behfarnia P, Saied-Moallemi Z, Javanmard SH, Naseri R. Serum, saliva, and GCF concentration of RANKL and osteoprotegerin in smokers versus nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5:80. [PMID: 27195253 PMCID: PMC4863406 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.180992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of host response in periodontitis pathogenesis is confirmed, and it is well established that immune response plays a major role in the alveolar bone destruction. In the investigation of these responses, the role of receptor activator of the nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL)-osteoprotegerin (OPG) system is the most promising. Smoking can affect the RANKL-OPG system in a manner that will further enhance bone loss in periodontitis. The aim of this study is to assess the serum, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) concentration of RANKL and OPG in smoker versus nonsmoker untreated chronic periodontitis (CP) patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine subjects were included in the present cross-sectional study: 29 systemically healthy CP male patients (15 smokers, 14 nonsmokers) and 10 systemically and periodontally healthy nonsmoker male subjects. Serum, GCF, and whole saliva samples were obtained from the subjects. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used for assaying the concentrations of RANKL and OPG in the samples. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the least significant difference (LSD) post hoc test were utilized to compare differences between the groups. Results: RANKL and OPG concentrations in saliva, serum, and GCF did not show any significant difference among all groups (P > 0.05). Salivary RANKL/OPG ratios were significantly higher in the nonsmoker CP group than in the healthy control group (P > 0.05) but they were not statistically significant among smoker periodontitis patients. Conclusions: The salivary RANKL/OPG ratio was higher in nonsmokers with periodontitis in comparison with smoker periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichehr Behfarnia
- Department of Periodontics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Saied-Moallemi
- Department of Oral Public Health, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Roohollah Naseri
- Department of Periodontics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Polepalle T, Moogala S, Boggarapu S, Pesala DS, Palagi FB. Acute Phase Proteins and Their Role in Periodontitis: A Review. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:ZE01-5. [PMID: 26674303 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/15692.6728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Acute phase proteins are a class of proteins whose plasma concentration increase (positive acute phase proteins) or decrease (negative acute phase proteins) in response to inflammation. This response is called as the acute phase reaction, also called as acute phase response, which occurs approximately 90 minutes after the onset of a systemic inflammatory reaction. In Periodontitis endotoxins released from gram negative organisms present in the sub gingival plaque samples interact with Toll- like receptors (TLR) that are expressed on the surface of Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) and monocytes which are in abundance in periodontal inflammation. The complex formed due to interaction of Endotoxins and TLR activates the Signal transduction pathway in both innate and adaptive immunity resulting in production of Cytokines that co- ordinate the local and systemic inflammatory response. The pro inflammatory cytokines originating at the diseased site activates the liver cells to produce acute phase proteins as a part of non specific response. The production of Acute phase proteins is regulated to a great extent by Cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and to a lesser extent by Glucocorticoid hormones. These proteins bind to bacteria leading to activation of complement proteins that destroys pathogenic organisms. Studies have shown that levels of acute phase proteins are increased in otherwise healthy adults with poor periodontal status. This article highlights about the synthesis, structure, types and function of acute phase proteins and the associated relation of acute phase proteins in Periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswin Polepalle
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences , Guntur, India
| | - Srinivas Moogala
- Professor, Department of Periodontics, SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences , Guntur, India
| | - Shalini Boggarapu
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Periodontics, SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences , Guntur, India
| | - Divya Sai Pesala
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Pathology, Siddhartha Medical College , Vijayawada, India
| | - Firoz Babu Palagi
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Rama Dental College , Kanpur, India
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13
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Ebersole JL, Steffen MJ, Thomas MV, Al-Sabbagh M. Smoking-related cotinine levels and host responses in chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:642-51. [PMID: 24283398 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Smoking has been reported to increase the risk of periodontal disease by disrupting the balance of immune responses and tissue repair processes; however, this risk varies among smokers. Cotinine levels in saliva are routinely used to measure the level of smoking, and reflect the quantity of nicotine, and other smoking-related xenobiotics that challenge host systems. This study delineated characteristics of inflammatory mediators in saliva and serum antibody responses to both periodontal pathogens and commensal bacteria in smokers as they related to cotinine levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-control study (n = 279) examined salivary inflammatory mediator responses [interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-10, prostaglandin E2, myeloperoxidase and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1], and serum IgG antibody responses to three periodontal pathogens (Aggregatibacter actinomyce-temcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola) and five commensal oral microorganisms (Veillonella parvula, Streptococcus sanguis, Prevotella loescheii, Actinomyces naeslundii, Capnocytophaga ochracea). RESULTS The patients were stratified into health (n = 30), gingivitis (n = 55) and periodontitis (n = 184); cotinine levels correlated with reported smoking habits in health, less so with gingivitis, and were not correlated in periodontitis. Of the inflammatory mediators/acute phase proteins, only IL-1ß levels were positively associated (p < 0.001) with the pack years and cotinine levels. As might be predicted, patients with periodontitis smoked more (p < 0.001) and had higher levels of cotinine. IL-1ß and antibody to A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and T. denticola were significantly higher in the patients with periodontitis than either patients with gingivitis or who were healthy. CONCLUSIONS Generally, antibody to the pathogens and commensals was lower with decreased cotinine levels. Smoking exacerbated differences in both inflammatory mediators and three antibody in periodontal disease compared to healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ebersole
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Oral Health Practice, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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14
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Gümüş P, Nizam N, Lappin DF, Buduneli N. Saliva and serum levels of B-cell activating factors and tumor necrosis factor-α in patients with periodontitis. J Periodontol 2013; 85:270-80. [PMID: 23701482 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B-lymphocytes play a central and critical role in the adaptive immune response against invading pathogens. This study evaluates saliva and serum levels of APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand), B-cell activating factor (BAFF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) or aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and periodontally healthy individuals. METHODS Twenty-five patients with AgP, 20 patients with CP, and 20 periodontally healthy individuals were included. Smoking status was recorded, and all individuals were divided into non-smokers and smokers. Saliva and serum samples were collected before clinical periodontal measurements. APRIL, BAFF, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 levels in serum and saliva samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of variance and bivariate correlation. RESULTS Serum and saliva levels of TNF-α, APRIL, BAFF, IL-6, and IL-10 were similar in CP and AgP groups. Serum levels of TNF-α, APRIL, and BAFF and saliva levels of BAFF were significantly higher in periodontitis groups than healthy controls (P <0.05). Non-smokers with CP or AgP had lower levels of saliva TNF-α and APRIL and serum APRIL and IL-6 than smokers with CP or AgP (P <0.05). Saliva APRIL and serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in healthy smokers than healthy non-smokers (P <0.05). Clinical periodontal parameters correlated positively with TNF-family cytokines and negatively with IL-10 (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of this study, it may be suggested that elevated salivary and serum TNF-α, APRIL, and BAFF in patients with periodontitis may contribute to the dominance of B cells in periodontitis lesions. Moreover, higher levels in healthy smokers than non-smoking counterparts may play a role in detrimental effects of smoking on periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Gümüş
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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15
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Buduneli N, Kinane DF. Host-derived diagnostic markers related to soft tissue destruction and bone degradation in periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38 Suppl 11:85-105. [PMID: 21323706 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major challenge in clinical periodontics is to find a reliable molecular marker of periodontal tissue destruction with high sensitivity, specificity and utility. OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate available literature on 'the utility of molecular markers of soft and hard periodontal tissue destruction'. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on the focused question, 'What is the utility of molecular markers of soft and hard periodontal tissue destruction', an electronic and manual search was conducted for human studies presenting clinical data for the potential of molecular markers of tissue destruction in biofluids; gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and serum. RESULTS Papers fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected. All relevant data from the selected papers were extracted and recorded in separate tables for molecules in GCF, saliva, and serum. CONCLUSION Within the defined limits of the Problem/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, the present analysis reveals that (a) no single or combination of markers exists that can disclose periodontal tissue destruction adequately; (b) while the most fruitful source of biomarkers for periodontal destruction appears to be in molecules tightly related to bone and soft tissue destruction, this remains to be objectively demonstrated. Currently, clinical measurements are still the most reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Özçaka Ö, Nalbantsoy A, Köse T, Buduneli N. Plasma osteoprotegerin levels are decreased in smoker chronic periodontitis patients. Aust Dent J 2010; 55:405-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Buduneli N, Becerik S, Buduneli E, Baylas H, Kinnby B. Gingival status, crevicular fluid tissue-type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 levels in pregnancy versus post-partum. Aust Dent J 2010; 55:292-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Özçaka Ö, Nalbantsoy A, Buduneli N. Salivary osteocalcin levels are decreased in smoker chronic periodontitis patients. Oral Dis 2010; 17:200-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Buduneli N, Buduneli E, Kütükçüler N. Interleukin-17, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin levels in gingival crevicular fluid from smoking and non-smoking patients with chronic periodontitis during initial periodontal treatment. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1274-80. [PMID: 19656027 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to evaluate the effects of initial periodontal treatment on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)-17, soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (sRANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in smoking and non-smoking patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS At baseline, GCF samples were obtained from 10 smoking and 10 non-smoking systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis. Initial periodontal treatment, consisting of motivation and instruction for daily plaque control and scaling and root planing (SRP), was performed. GCF sampling and clinical periodontal measurements were repeated 4 weeks after completion of SRP. The data were tested statistically by the Student t and Wilcoxon matched-pairs test and Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS All clinical periodontal measurements had decreased significantly 4 weeks after SRP (P <0.001). GCF volume and the total amount and concentration of OPG decreased in smokers and non-smokers after SRP, whereas the IL-17 concentration increased (P <0.05). sRANKL levels did not differ between groups or with SRP (P >0.05). Significant correlations were found between baseline IL-17 and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) levels and between baseline papilla bleeding index and OPG levels (P <0.001 and P <0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Neither smoking nor periodontal inflammation seemed to influence GCF RANKL levels in systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis. Smoking and non-smoking patients with chronic periodontitis were not affected differently by the initial periodontal treatment with regard to GCF IL-17 and OPG concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Gürlek Ö, Lappin DF, Buduneli N. Effects of smoking on salivary C-telopeptide pyridinoline cross-links of type I collagen and osteocalcin levels. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:1099-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Buduneli N, Bıyıkoğlu B, Sherrabeh S, Lappin DF. Saliva concentrations of RANKL and osteoprotegerin in smokerversusnon-smoker chronic periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35:846-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lachmann S, Kimmerle-Müller E, Axmann D, Scheideler L, Weber H, Haas R. Associations between peri-implant crevicular fluid volume, concentrations of crevicular inflammatory mediators, and composite IL-1A ?889 and IL-1B +3954 genotype: A cross-sectional study on implant recall patients with and without clinical signs of peri-implantitis. Clin Oral Implants Res 2007; 18:212-23. [PMID: 17348886 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2006.01322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess possible relationships between peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) volumes, biochemical markers of the peri-implant immune response, and periodontitis-associated genotype. MATERIAL AND METHODS PICF samples from 29 implant maintenance patients, 24 wearing overdentures, five having single crowns and bridgework (11 patients with peri-implantitis and 18 individuals with healthy peri-implant conditions), were analyzed for per site and per crevicular-fluid-volume concentrations of interleukin-1beta, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2, and prostaglandin E2 by ELISA. Associations between the three substance concentrations and to crevicular fluid flow rate were analyzed by linear regression analysis. The possible differentiating influence of the composite interleukin-1A and -1B genotype on the patients' peri-implant health and biochemical inflammatory status was checked formally with t-test statistics and the Wilcoxon' test. One implant per patient was chosen for analysis. RESULTS In patients with healthy peri-implant conditions, genotype-positive individuals showed elevated crevicular fluid flow rates and at the same time reduced mediator concentrations. In patients with an implant affected from peri-implantitis, no statistically significant influence of the periodontitis-associated genotype around the fixture can be stated. There was no statistical difference between per site and per crevicular-fluid-volume concentration analyses. All three mediator concentrations were positively related to each other, while there was a strong negative correlation between crevicular fluid volume and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 or prostaglandin E2. CONCLUSIONS The Interleukin-1 polymorphism investigated exerted only little influence on the peri-implant crevicular immune response, and this influence appeared to be of limited impact in sites with established peri-implantitis lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lachmann
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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