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Cherian P, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Fiume M, Heldreth B. EDTA and Salts. Int J Toxicol 2023; 42:32S-36S. [PMID: 37772606 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231204270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety reviewed newly available studies since their original assessment in 1998, along with updated information regarding product types and concentrations of use and confirmed that EDTA and certain salts are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the practices of use and concentration as described in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Cherian
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | | | | | | | | | - James G Marks
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | - Paul W Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer
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2
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Roh J, Cheng H. Ultraviolet filter, fragrance and preservative allergens in New Zealand sunscreens. Australas J Dermatol 2021; 63:e21-e25. [PMID: 34751433 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Allergic contact dermatitis, photoallergic contact dermatitis and irritant reactions to sunscreens are common reasons for dermatology consultation. Patch testing for contact allergy relies on up-to-date knowledge of allergen exposures. The aim of this study was to investigate contact allergens and photoallergens in sunscreens commercially sold on the shelves of supermarkets and pharmacies in New Zealand. METHODS A comprehensive market data review of suppliers' websites was performed from March to August 2019 to obtain a list of the commonly sold sunscreens in our region. Ingredients were collated and analysed according to International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) names. Ultraviolet (UV) filters, preservatives and fragrances were included for analysis. Place of sale and cost of sunscreens were also recorded. RESULTS Ninety-five sunscreens were analysed: 36% sold in supermarkets, 43% in pharmacies and the remainder available in both. The most frequent UV filters were butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (contained in 70% of products) followed by octocrylene (63%) and homosalate (50%). The common photoallergen benzophenone 3 was found in 19% of products. Phenoxyethanol was the most common preservative (68%) followed by disodium EDTA (30%) and propylparaben (26%). Two sunscreens contained methylisothiazolinone. Sixty-one per cent contained at least one fragrance, the most frequent being limonene (17%) and linalool (13%). There was an average of 1.1 New Zealand baseline series allergens per product (range 0 to 6, standard deviation 1.27). CONCLUSION Common allergens including those with high sensitising potential were frequently found in New Zealand sunscreen. Knowledge of ingredients used by manufacturers is useful in dermatological assessment of skin contact reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Roh
- Department of General Medicine, Waitematā District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Harriet Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand.,Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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3
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Horton E, Uter W, Geier J, Ballmer-Weber B, Bauer A, Bircher A, Dickel H, Giménez-Arnau A, Gonçalo M, John SM, Mahler V, Schuttelaar MLA, Simon D, Sanchez-Perez J, Rustemeyer T, Weisshaar E, Wilkinson M. Developing a cosmetic series: Results from the ESSCA network, 2009-2018. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 84:82-94. [PMID: 32845019 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable variability across European patch test centres as to which allergens are included in local and national cosmetics series. OBJECTIVES To propose a standardized, evidence-based cosmetic series for Europe based on up-to-date analysis of relevant contact allergens. METHODS We collated data from the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA) from 2009 to 2018 to determine which cosmetic allergens produce a high yield of contact allergy. Contact allergens with a prevalence of >0.3% that were considered relevant were included. Rare contact allergens were excluded if deemed no longer relevant or added to a supplemental cosmetic series for further analysis. RESULTS Sensitization prevalences of 39 cosmetic contact allergens were tabulated. Thirty of these allergens yielded >0.3% positive reactions and are therefore included in our proposed European cosmetic series. Six were considered no longer relevant and therefore excluded. Three were included in a supplementary European cosmetic series. An additional nine allergens were included in either the core or supplemental European cosmetic series following literature review. CONCLUSION We have derived a potential European cosmetic series based upon the above methods. This will require ongoing investigation based upon the changing exposure profiles of cosmetic allergens as well as new and evolving substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Horton
- Department of Dermatology, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Geier
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), Institute at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Ballmer-Weber
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Bircher
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy Unit, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Dickel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ana Giménez-Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mediques, Universitat Autónoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarida Gonçalo
- Department of Dermatology, Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Swen Malte John
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), University of Osnabruck, Lower Saxony Institute for Occupational Dermatology (NIB), Osnabruck, Germany
| | - Vera Mahler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Marie L A Schuttelaar
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Rustemeyer
- Department of Dermatology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elke Weisshaar
- Occupational Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Dermatology, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Russo PAJ, Banovic T, Wiese MD, Whyte AF, Smith WB. Systemic allergy to EDTA in local anesthetic and radiocontrast media. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2014; 2:225-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Laborde-Castérot H, Villa AF, Rosenberg N, Dupont P, Lee HM, Garnier R. Occupational rhinitis and asthma due to EDTA-containing detergents or disinfectants. Am J Ind Med 2012; 55:677-82. [PMID: 22431256 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detergents and disinfectants are an emerging cause of work-related rhinitis and asthma. These products may contain ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). The authors report 10 cases of EDTA-related asthma and/or rhinitis. METHODS Review of the medical charts of patients who presented with work-related rhinitis (alone or with asthma), with a history of exposure to aerosols of EDTA-containing products and who underwent a nasal provocation test (NPT) with tetrasodium EDTA (1-4%) in our occupational health unit. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients underwent a NPT with EDTA, which was positive in 10 cases. These patients, mostly cleaners or healthcare workers, used spray formulations of cleaning products. CONCLUSIONS This case series is the first report of EDTA-related respiratory disease, documented by a specific test. An irritant mechanism is unlikely. Further studies are required to distinguish between an immunoallergic response and a pharmacological mechanism possibly resulting from calcium chelation, as suggested by animal experiments. A ban of spray preparations would be sufficient to prevent respiratory disease induced by EDTA inhalation, regardless of its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Laborde-Castérot
- AP-HP, Paris Poison Centre, Occupational and Environmental Health Unit, Fernand Widal Hospital, Paris, France
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