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Li F, Yang F, Zhang X, Cao S, Xu Y. Simultaneous occurrence of multiple myeloma and acute myeloid leukemia: Case report and literature review. Cancer Genet 2024; 282-283:9-13. [PMID: 38154233 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are malignant clonal diseases of cells in different lineages. It remains very rare to have both diseases at first diagnosis. Only 24 cases of this situation were reported from 1971 to 2021, and poor prognosis in most cases. However, here we describe a case of de novo MM and AML occurring simultaneously in a 65-year-old woman. We have successfully used individualized treatment regimens to allow the patient to survive 1.5 years to date, which has exceeded 80 % of statistical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Feifei Yang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xiuqun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Shibin Cao
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yanli Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
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2
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Jamal I, Shuchismita S, Choudhary V. Twin Malignancy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma in a Chemotherapy-Naïve Patient: A Rare Occurrence. J Lab Physicians 2023; 15:306-310. [PMID: 37599817 PMCID: PMC10437150 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchronous diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma in chemotherapy-naïve patients is a rare event and poses a serious therapeutic challenge as it imparts a poor prognosis. We report a case of concurrent AML with multiple myeloma in a 44-year-old male along with a PUBMED-based research of previously reported similar cases in published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffat Jamal
- Department of Hematology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | | | - Vijayanand Choudhary
- Department of Hematology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
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3
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Maral S, Albayrak M, Sahin O, Ozturk HBA, Han U, Falay M. Synchronous detection of multiple myeloma and acute myeloid leukemia: A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2020; 27:464-469. [PMID: 33620259 DOI: 10.1177/1078155220932352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Synchronous detection of multiple myeloma and acute myeloid leukemia in a single patient is a rare coincidence. Treatment of these patients is still unclear, mostly based on acute myeloid leukemia strategies combined with bortezomib. CASE REPORT A 72-year-old male with no medical history was investigated for pancytopenia. On medical examination, he was complicated with a wide and severe skin infection on arm. On examination of bone marrow aspirate, 25% myeloblasts infiltration and additional 10% plasma cells were seen. Acute myeloid leukemia was diagnosed and plasma cell proliferation was attributed to reactive plasmacytosis due to skin infection. However, flowcytometric studies and immunohistochemical examination revealed two different cell populations with 30-40% atypical plasma cells and >20% myeloblasts. Serum M-protein detected by serum electrophoresis test and immunofixation test revealed a monoclonal IgG lambda band. He was diagnosed with concurrent acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma without history of chemotherapy.Management and outcome: The patient was initially treated with bortezomib and dexamethasone for the myeloma. Subsequently, azacitidine was administered subcutaneously for the acute myeloid leukemia treatment. The tru-cut biopsy of the lesion on his arm revealed suppurative inflammatory findings and no malign cells detected. Antibiotherapy was started according to susceptibility. He expired after three months of survival. DISCUSSION The synchronous occurrence of these two different clonal hematological malignancies is rare in hematology practice. Patient-based prospective studies and case series are needed to guide diagnosis and treatment strategies. Furthermore, this report highlights the importance of ruling out reactive plasmacytosis in patients with hematological malignancy who developed severe infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senem Maral
- Department of Hematology, Ankara Dıskapı Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Albayrak
- Department of Hematology, Ankara Dıskapı Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Osman Sahin
- Department of Hematology, Ankara Dıskapı Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Unsal Han
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Ankara Dıskapı Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mesude Falay
- Department of Hematology, Ankara Numune Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Stasi R, Tribalto M, Venditti A, del Poeta G, Aronica G, Zaccar G, Rossi V, Maffei L, Papa G. Simultaneous Occurrence of Monoclonal Gammopathy and Acute Secondary Leukemia with Overexpression of P-Glycoprotein. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 78:403-6. [PMID: 1363621 DOI: 10.1177/030089169207800613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 52-year-old woman, previously treated with chemo- and radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease, developed an acute non-lymphoid leukemia and, contemporarily, an IgG-kappa paraproteinemia. Cytogenetic analysis showed a major clone, representing 90% of observed metaphases, with monosomy of chromosomes 5 and 14. In addition, leukemic cells exhibited a high expression of the P-glycoprotein, a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in the multidrug-resistance mechanism. Possible explanations for this cluster of findings are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stasi
- Division of Hematology, II University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
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5
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Simultaneous Manifestation of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma during Treatment by Prednisolone and Eltrombopag for Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenic Purpura. Case Rep Hematol 2016; 2016:4342820. [PMID: 27597907 PMCID: PMC5002293 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4342820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An 80-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of severe thrombocytopenia. He was diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenia, and prednisolone together with eltrombopag was started, leading to significant improvement of platelet counts. Four years later, there was a prominent increase of peripheral blood monocytes, which was accompanied by recurrence of thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow aspirates and serum electrophoresis revealed coexistence of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and multiple myeloma (MM). The patient received lenalidomide plus dexamethasone therapy but died due to exacerbation of the disorder. It was supposed that thrombocytopenia was secondarily caused by CMML and MM developed at a later period.
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6
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Murukutla S, Arora S, Bhatt VR, Kedia S, Popalzai M, Dhar M. Concurrent Acute Monoblastic Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma in a 66-Year-Old Chemotherapy-Naive Woman. World J Oncol 2014; 5:68-71. [PMID: 29147380 PMCID: PMC5649876 DOI: 10.14740/wjon722w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Concurrent acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma (MM) is rare, more so in chemotherapy-naive patients. Concurrent occurrence of these two malignancies portends poor prognosis. Although anthracycline-based AML regimen, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, tipifarnib and bortezomib have shown promising results in small number of patients, there is a lack of established therapy. We describe a case of concurrent AML and MM in a 66-year-old woman and review previously published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srujitha Murukutla
- Department of Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, New York 10305, USA
| | - Swaty Arora
- Department of Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, New York 10305, USA
| | - Vijaya Raj Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, New York 10305, USA
| | - Shiksha Kedia
- Department of Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, New York 10305, USA
| | - Muhammad Popalzai
- Sanford R Nalitt Institute for Cancer and Blood Related Diseases, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Staten Island University Hospital, 256 Mason Avenue, Staten Island, New York 10305, USA
| | - Meekoo Dhar
- Sanford R Nalitt Institute for Cancer and Blood Related Diseases, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Staten Island University Hospital, 256 Mason Avenue, Staten Island, New York 10305, USA
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Guariglia R, Guastafierro S, Annunziata S, Tirelli A. Development of a transient monoclonal gammopathy after chemotherapy in a patient with biphenotypic acute leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2002; 43:441-3. [PMID: 11999585 DOI: 10.1080/10428190290006314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of a IgGk monoclonal gammopathy after a phase of bone marrow aplasia following chemotherapy is described in a patient suffering from biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL). Paraprotein was followed by the relapse of the disease and disappeared during a further chemotherapy. Paraprotein could have been caused by an additional chemotherapy-induced genetic mutation or by a dysfunction in T-B cooperation observed in the phase of reconstitution of the immune system after medullar aplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Guariglia
- Department of Haematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Second University of Naples, Italy.
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8
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Ng MH, Kan A, Chung YF, Wong IH, Lo KW, Wickham NW, Lei KI, Lee JC. Combined morphological and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization study in multiple myeloma of Chinese patients. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1999; 154:15-22. [PMID: 9916913 PMCID: PMC1853428 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To gain insight into the real incidence of the numeric chromosomal aberrations and the cell lineage involvement of the neoplastic process in multiple myeloma (MM), we examined 18 Chinese MM patients by May-Grunwald-Giemsa (MGG) staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization using three DNA centromeric probes specific for chromosomes 3, 7, and 9. In this investigation, cytogenetic abnormalities were detected in plasma cells (PCs), myeloid cells (MCs), and lymphoid cells (LCs) in all of the MM patients studied. This is the first demonstration of the cytogenetic aberration involved in the myeloid series. Furthermore, the MCs and PCs of 16 MM patients had the same aneuploidies in one or more of the chromosomes analyzed. These data suggest that the neoplastic transformation of MM may occur early in the hematopoietic development. Chromosomal aberrations involving mainly subclones and considerable cellular heterogeneity with gain of a variety of copy numbers of the same chromosome were demonstrated within PCs, which may possibly be the result of an underlying defect of PCs in the control of their number of chromosomes. Whereas PCs showed evidence suggestive of increased polyploidization, MCs and LCs, which exhibited similar chromosomal patterns as the former, rarely did. Thus, the clonal evolution from LC to PC, if that happens in MM, is characterized by chromosomal instability favoring growth of tumor cells with polysomies and polyploidies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin.
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Abstract
A careful search of the literature disclosed 22 cases of the simultaneous occurrence of multiple myeloma and acute leukemia. An additional eight cases of macroglobulinemia and acute leukemia have also been described. Critical review of these reports, however, suggests that the concomitant occurrence of myeloma or Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and acute myeloblastic leukemia is quite uncommon and probably represents a coincidental or chance association.
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Abstract
The coexistence of monoclonal gammopathy or myeloma and nonlymphoblastic leukemia is reported in three untreated patients. One patient had IgG kappa myeloma and monoblastic leukemia, whereas the two others had IgA paraprotein in association with chronic granulocytic and acute myelomonoblastic leukemia, respectively. Simultaneous presentation of monoclonal gammopathy or myeloma and nonlymphoblastic leukemia is rare, and this report reviews the possible pathogenesis of this phenomena.
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11
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Sandberg AA, Abe S, Kowalczyk JR, Zedgenidze A, Takeuchi J, Kakati S. Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia. L. Cytogenetics of leukemias complicating other diseases. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1982; 7:95-136. [PMID: 6756627 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(82)90009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Complicating (secondary) leukemias in 20 patients, 18 of whom had various forms of neoplasia treated with chemotherapy and/or radiation, have been examined in regard to the karyotypic findings present in the leukemic cells of the marrow. In addition, the published cases of complicating leukemia have been tabulated. Based on the results of the present study and those in the literature it appears that chromosomes #3 and #17 should be stressed as being nonrandomly involved in complicating leukemia in addition to the previously stressed chromosomes #5 and #7. The results of the present study are discussed in relation to those reported in the literature, and stress put on the significance of cytogenetic changes in relation to possible causative factors of the complicating leukemia. The hypothesis is advanced that these nonrandom chromosome changes may reflect causative specificity of the complicating leukemia and that a concerted effort must be made to obtain more cogent information on the role of noxious agents in the causation of complicating leukemia.
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12
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13
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Manoharan A, Catovsky D, Clein P, Traub NE, Costello C, O'Brien M, Boralessa H, Galton DA. Simultaneous or spontaneous occurrence of lympho- and myeloproliferative disorders: a report of four cases. Br J Haematol 1981; 48:111-6. [PMID: 6941808 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1981.00111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We describe four patients with mixed lympho- and myeloproliferative disorders. One patient had hairy cell leukaemia and acute myelomonocytic leukaemia, another lymphocytic lymphoma in leukaemic phase and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and the third patient had chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and polycythaemia rubra vera; none of these patients had received any prior therapy, and in two the diagnosis of the two malignancies was simultaneous. The fourth patient developed acute monocytic leukaemia 4 years after the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia after only 2 weeks of therapy with chlorambucil. The nuber of cases with concurrent or sequential but spontaneous occurrence of lympho- and myeloproliferative disorders reported so far is now 38. The questions relating to the pathogenesis of the two malignancies are discussed.
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14
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Barnard DL, Burns GF, Gordon J, Cawley JC, Barker CR, Hayhoe FG, Smith JL. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with paraproteinemia but no detectable plasmacytosis: a detailed cytological and immunological study. Cancer 1979; 44:927-36. [PMID: 113079 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(197909)44:3<927::aid-cncr2820440321>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with IgG K paraproteinemia, but no detectable plasmacytosis, is described. The patient was entering a blastic phase at the time of the most detailed studies. Cytological, cytochemical, and ultrastructural studies revealed a mixed myeloid proliferation with granulocytic forms predominating over monocytic elements. A variety of ultrastructural abnormalities, including defective granulation, was observed but no cells with highly developed rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed. Immunological marker studies showed that the mature myeloid cells possessed receptors for the Fc of IgG and weakly expressed the Ia-like P29/34 antigen. The mature myeloid cells also expressed both surface and intracytoplasmic Ig restricted to IgG K, and this IgG K persisted after 4 weeks in culture. A reverse plaque assay showed that the myeloid cells were capable of releasing IgG K in vitro, but studies involving the incorporation of radio-labeled amino acids showed no detectable Ig production by the myeloid cells. The possible interpretations of these data are discussed in some detail in relation to previous reports of paraproteinemia in myeloid proliferative disorders.
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15
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Bierbach H, Zeile G, Wellek S, Fischer J. [Acute leukemia in multiple myeloma: case histories, a review of the literature and assessment of the incidence]. KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 1979; 57:769-77. [PMID: 385972 DOI: 10.1007/bf01478035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The results of a follow-up study of 112 patients with multiple myeloma are presented. Three of these patients developed acute leukaemia during the respective period of clinical observation (maximum: 11 years)--one case of acute myeloblastic leukaemia, myelomonocytic leukaemia and erythroleukaemia, respectively. For estimating the incidence of acute leukaemia in the presence of multiple myeloma an extended life table method was applied. On the basis of our data this method gave a probability of 5.9% for a patient to develop acute leukaemia at any time after the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. In a statistical discussion this result is considered to confirm the assumption of a highly increased AL-risk in patients with multiple myeloma. In a survey of the literature some important data of 100 cases with the association acute leukaemia--multiple myeloma are reported.
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Abstract
A case of acute myelogenic leukaemia developing after 7 months treatment with alkylating agents for multiple myeloma is reported. The patients was also given irradiation for an expansive process in the thoracic column. By immunofluorescence staining of the bone marrow cells there was no evidence for production of pathological globulins in the blast cells, while the plasma cells contained IgA, kappa.
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Abstract
A patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma occurring simultaneously prior to initiation of chemotherapy is described. Possible mechanisms for this occurrence are discussed.
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Rosner F, Grünwald H. Multiple myeloma terminating in acute leukemia. Report of 12 cases and review of the literature. Am J Med 1974; 57:927-39. [PMID: 4611209 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(74)90171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Bone Marrow Cells
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Hematocrit
- Hemoglobins/analysis
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/isolation & purification
- Leukemia/chemically induced
- Leukemia/complications
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukocyte Count
- Male
- Melphalan/administration & dosage
- Melphalan/adverse effects
- Melphalan/therapeutic use
- Middle Aged
- Multiple Myeloma/complications
- Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy
- Prednisone/therapeutic use
- Remission, Spontaneous
- Syndrome
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