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Vaghasiya K, Sharma A, Kumar K, Ray E, Adlakha S, Katare OP, Hota SK, Verma RK. Heparin-Encapsulated Metered-Dose Topical “Nano-Spray Gel” Liposomal Formulation Ensures Rapid On-Site Management of Frostbite Injury by Inflammatory Cytokines Scavenging. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6617-6631. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalpesh Vaghasiya
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase X, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase X, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Kushal Kumar
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research and Development Organisation, C/o 56 APO, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir 901205, India
| | - Eupa Ray
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase X, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Suneera Adlakha
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase X, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Om Prakash Katare
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Hota
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research and Development Organisation, C/o 56 APO, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir 901205, India
| | - Rahul K. Verma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase X, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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Liu Q, Lyu Z, Yu Y, Zhao ZA, Hu S, Yuan L, Chen G, Chen H. Synthetic Glycopolymers for Highly Efficient Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Neurons: Lipo- or Not? ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:11518-11527. [PMID: 28287262 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To realize the potential application of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, it is a prerequisite to develop an effective strategy for the neural differentiation of ESCs so as to obtain adequate amount of neurons. Considering the efficacy of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and their disadvantages (e.g., structure heterogeneity and impurity), GAG-mimicking glycopolymers (designed polymers containing functional units similar to natural GAG) with or without phospholipid groups were synthesized in the present work and their ability to promote neural differentiation of mouse ESCs (mESCs) was investigated. It was found that the lipid-anchored GAG-mimicking glycopolymers (lipo-pSGF) retained on the membrane of mESCs rather than being internalized by cells after 1 h of incubation. Besides, lipo-pSGF showed better activity in promoting neural differentiation. The expression of the neural-specific maker β3-tubulin in lipo-pSGF-treated cells was ∼3.8- and ∼1.9-fold higher compared to natural heparin- and pSGF-treated cells at day 14. The likely mechanism involved in lipo-pSGF-mediated neural differentiation was further investigated by analyzing its effect on fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway which is important for neural differentiation of ESCs. Lipo-pSGF was found to efficiently bind FGF2 and enhance the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, thus promoting neural differentiation. These findings demonstrated that engineering of cell surface glycan using our synthetic lipo-glycopolymer is a highly efficient approach for neural differentiation of ESCs and this strategy can be applied for the regulation of other cellular activities mediated by cell membrane receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006, P.R. China
| | - Zhonglin Lyu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - You Yu
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University , Suzhou 215000, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Ao Zhao
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University , Suzhou 215000, P.R. China
| | - Shijun Hu
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University , Suzhou 215000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University , Suzhou 215006, P.R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
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Wang M, Lyu Z, Chen G, Wang H, Yuan Y, Ding K, Yu Q, Yuan L, Chen H. A new avenue to the synthesis of GAG-mimicking polymers highly promoting neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15434-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06944k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy for the fabrication of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) analogs with high bioactivities was proposed by copolymerizing the sulfonated unit and the glyco unit, ‘splitted’ from the sulfated saccharide building blocks of GAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Zhonglin Lyu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215006
- China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Yuqi Yuan
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Kaiguo Ding
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Qian Yu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Lin Yuan
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
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Jung S, Panchalingam KM, Rosenberg L, Behie LA. Ex vivo expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells in defined serum-free media. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:123030. [PMID: 22645619 PMCID: PMC3356989 DOI: 10.1155/2012/123030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are presently being evaluated for their therapeutic potential in clinical studies to treat various diseases, disorders, and injuries. To date, early-phase studies have indicated that the use of both autologous and allogeneic hMSCs appear to be safe; however, efficacy has not been demonstrated in recent late-stage clinical trials. Optimized cell bioprocessing protocols may enhance the efficacy as well as safety of hMSC therapeutics. Classical media used for generating hMSCs are typically supplemented with ill-defined supplements such as fetal bovine serum (FBS) or human-sourced alternatives. Ideally, culture media are desired to have well-defined serum-free formulations that support the efficient production of hMSCs while maintaining their therapeutic and differentiation capacity. Towards this objective, we review here current cell culture media for hMSCs and discuss medium development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghoon Jung
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Krishna M. Panchalingam
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
| | | | - Leo A. Behie
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
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Jung S, Sen A, Rosenberg L, Behie LA. Identification of growth and attachment factors for the serum-free isolation and expansion of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2011; 12:637-57. [PMID: 20608762 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2010.495113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Ex vivo propagation of sparse populations of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) is critical for generating numbers sufficient for therapeutic applications. hMSC culture media have typically been supplemented with animal serum and, recently, human-sourced materials. However, these supplements are ill-defined and, thus, undesirable for clinical and research applications. Previously reported efforts to develop defined media for hMSC culture only resulted in slow or limited proliferation, and were unsuccessful in expanding these cells from primary cultures. Therefore a major step forward would be the identification of defined, serum-free culture conditions capable of supporting both the isolation and rapid expansion of hMSC. METHODS Using classical approaches of medium development, we were able to identify a set of growth and attachment factors that allowed the serum-free isolation and expansion of hMSC from bone marrow. RESULTS Heparin, selenium and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB were found to be inhibitory for the growth of hMSC, whereas basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was critical and worked synergistically with transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 to allow significant cell expansion. Ascorbic acid, hydrocortisone and fetuin were also found to be important growth and attachment factors that, in conjunction with substrate-coating proteins, allowed the isolation of hMSC from primary culture and their subsequent expansion. CONCLUSIONS We report a defined medium formulation (PPRF-msc6), consisting of key recombinant and serum-derived components, for the rapid isolation and expansion of hMSC in the absence of serum. This work represents an important step forward for achieving an ideal, completely defined synthetic medium composition for the safe use of hMSC in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghoon Jung
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Wilson CG, Sisco PN, Goldsmith EC, Murphy CJ. Glycosaminoglycan-functionalized gold nanorods: interactions with cardiac cells and type I collagen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b902760b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Huttunen M, Harvima IT. Mast cell tryptase and chymase in chronic leg ulcers: chymase is potentially destructive to epithelium and is controlled by proteinase inhibitors. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152:1149-60. [PMID: 15948975 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous mast cells are present in chronic leg ulcers. Tryptase and chymase are the major mediators of mast cells, but their significance is mostly dependent on their activity. In addition, the proteinases may affect ulcer epithelialization. OBJECTIVES To study levels and activity of tryptase and chymase in wash samples and biopsies from chronic leg ulcers and the possible effect of these proteinases on keratinocyte growth and adherence. METHODS Wash samples were taken from 16 patients and a superficial shave biopsy was taken in eight of these patients; a second biopsy series was obtained from the edge of chronic venous leg ulcers (n = 6). RESULTS Significant levels of soluble tryptase activity and histamine, but low levels of chymase activity, were measured in wash samples from chronic ulcers. No tryptase-inhibiting activity, but clear chymase-inhibiting activity, was detected in the wash samples. In superficial wound bed biopsies, relatively marked levels of chymase activity together with histamine and tryptase activity were detected. In the second biopsy series, about 80% of the mast cells belonged to the MC(TC) type (tryptase- and chymase-immunopositive). However, about 55-61% of the chymase-immunopositive cells displayed chymase activity and 64 +/- 17% of the tryptase-positive cells revealed immunoreactivity of alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin. As the activity of chymase and tryptase was detected in the ulcer base in a ratio of 1:8, a preparation containing both chymase and tryptase was partially purified from human skin yielding a similar activity ratio of 1:11-13. Treatment of fibronectin-coated plastic surfaces with this preparation decreased the adherence of cultured human keratinocytes, this effect being attributable mainly to chymase. In 2-day cultures using growth factor/serum-deficient low- or high-calcium medium, the tryptase-chymase preparation inhibited the slow growth and at higher concentrations it even induced detachment of keratinocytes. This effect was attributed to chymase, and it was partially regulated by heparin and histamine. CONCLUSIONS Even though chymase is partially inactivated in chronic leg ulcers, accumulated mast cells in the close proximity of the epithelium edge and their chymase may impair keratinocyte adherence and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Huttunen
- Department of Dermatology, Kuopio University Hospital, POB 1777, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Harvima IT, Lappalainen K, Hirvonen MR, Mättö M, Kivinen PK, Hyttinen M, Pelkonen J, Naukkarinen A. Heparin modulates the growth and adherence and augments the growth-inhibitory action of TNF-alpha on cultured human keratinocytes. J Cell Biochem 2005; 92:372-86. [PMID: 15108362 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous works suggest the involvement of mast cells in the epithelialization of chronic wounds. Since heparin is a major mediator stored in the secretory granules of mast cells, the purpose of this work was to elucidate the function of heparin in epithelialization using in vitro culture models. For this, low- and high-calcium media in monolayer and epithelium cultures of keratinocytes were used. Also, an assay based on keratinocyte adherence onto plastic surface was used as well. Heparin (0.02-200 microg/ml) inhibited keratinocyte growth in a non-cytotoxic and dose-dependent manner in low- and high-calcium media, Keratinocyte-SFM and DMEM, in the absence of growth factors and serum. Also, heparin inhibited the growth of keratinocyte epithelium in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum and DMEM. Instead, in the presence of Keratinocyte-SFM and growth factors, heparin at 2 microg/ml inhibited the growth by 18% but at higher heparin concentrations the inhibition was reversed to baseline. TNF-alpha is another preformed mediator in mast cell granules and it inhibited keratinocyte growth in monolayer and epithelium cultures. Interestingly, heparin at 2-20 microg/ml augmented or even potentiated this growth-inhibitory effect of TNF-alpha. The association of TNF-alpha with heparin was shown by demonstrating that TNF-alpha bound tightly to heparin-Sepharose chromatographic material. However, heparin could not augment TNF-alpha-induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase or intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in keratinocytes. In the cell adherence assay, heparin at 2 microg/ml inhibited significantly by 12-13% or 33% the adherence of keratinocytes onto the plastic surface coated with fibronectin or collagen, respectively, but this inhibition was reversed back to baseline at 20 or 200 microg/ml heparin. Also, heparin affected the cell membrane rather than the protein coat on the plastic surface. In conclusion, heparin not only inhibits or modulates keratinocyte growth and adherence but it also binds and potentiates the growth-inhibitory function of TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkka T Harvima
- Department of Dermatology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
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Garbuzenko E, Nagler A, Pickholtz D, Gillery P, Reich R, Maquart FX, Levi-Schaffer F. Human mast cells stimulate fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis and lattice contraction: a direct role for mast cells in skin fibrosis. Clin Exp Allergy 2002; 32:237-46. [PMID: 11929488 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells, the key cells of immediate hypersensitivity type reactions, have also been postulated to have a central role in influencing tissue remodelling and fibrosis occurring in the skin. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the direct role of human mast cells (HMC) in skin fibrotic processes, by assessing the effects of the addition of the human mast cell line HMC-1 to human skin fibroblasts, and to identify the responsible mediators. METHODS HMC-1 sonicates were added to human skin fibroblasts and the following parameters were evaluated: proliferation ([3H]-thymidine), collagen synthesis ([3H] proline), activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (zymography) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) (reverse zymography), and collagen gel contraction. RESULTS HMC-1 sonicate increased significantly both proliferation and collagen production in the human skin fibroblasts and these properties were not affected by heating of the sonicate (56 degrees C, 30 min, or 100 degrees C, 3 min). Two main mast cell mediators, histamine and tryptase, were found to be responsible for the increase in fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. HMC-1 sonicate did not display any pre-formed gelatinase activity, and its addition to the fibroblasts did not change their pro-MMP-2 and MMP-2 activity. On the other hand, HMC-1 were found to possess TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Addition of HMC-1 had no effect on fibroblasts TIMP-1 but induced a dose-dependent increase of TIMP-2 activity. In addition, HMC-1 sonicate seeded together with the fibroblasts in tri-dimensional collagen gel significantly enhanced their contraction. CONCLUSION We have shown that human mast cells, by granule-stored and therefore quickly releasable mediators, increase human skin fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, TIMP-2 and collagen gel contraction. Therefore, mast cells have a direct and potentiating role in skin remodelling and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Garbuzenko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, PO 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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