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Akl J, Lee S, Ju HJ, Parisi R, Kim JY, Jeon JJ, Heo YW, Eleftheriadou V, Hamzavi I, Griffiths CEM, Ashcroft DM, Mysore V, Gupta S, Parsad D, Lim H, Bae JM, Ezzedine K. Estimating the burden of vitiligo: a systematic review and modelling study. Lancet Public Health 2024; 9:e386-e396. [PMID: 38552651 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by depigmented skin patches, which can pose substantial psychosocial challenges particularly in individuals with dark skin tones. Despite its impact on quality of life, there is an absence of standardised global epidemiological data. We sought to address this gap with the present study. METHODS In this study we did a systematic review and modelling analysis to estimate the global, regional, and national prevalence and incidence of vitiligo. We did a comprehensive search of nine digital libraries (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scientific Electronic Library Online, KCI Korean Journal Database, Russian Science Citation Index, Western Pacific Region Index Medicus, Informit, and Health Research and Development Information Network) from inception up to May 25, 2023. We included cross-sectional or cohort studies reporting the incidence rate or prevalence of vitiligo, or data from which incidence rate or prevalence could be calculated, in the general population of a country or area of a country. Summary estimate data were extracted. A main outcome was to estimate the worldwide, regional, and country-specific lifetime prevalence of vitiligo diagnosed by physicians or dermatologists among the general population and in adults and children (as per age groups defined in included studies). We used a Bayesian hierarchical linear mixed model to estimate prevalence, and calculated number of affected individuals using the UN population structure in 2022. In estimating lifetime prevalence, studies reporting point or period prevalence were excluded. Our other main outcome was to estimate incidence rates of vitiligo, but due to a small number of studies, the data on incidence were presented in a descriptive summary. This study was registered on PROSPERO, CRD42023390433. FINDINGS Our search identified 22 192 records, of which 90 studies met our inclusion criteria. Of these studies, six focused on the incidence of vitiligo, 79 reported on the prevalence of vitiligo, and five provided data on both incidence and prevalence. 71 studies reported on lifetime prevalence. In the most recent years studied, incidence rates in the general population ranged from 24·7 cases (95% CI 24·3-25·2) per 100 000 person-years in South Korea in 2019, to 61·0 cases (60·6-61·4) in the USA in 2017. In individual studies, incidence rates showed an increasing trend over the periods studied. The global lifetime prevalence of vitiligo diagnosed by a physician or dermatologist was estimated at 0·36% (95% credible interval [CrI] 0·24-0·54) in the general population (28·5 million people [95% CrI 18·9-42·6]), 0·67% (0·43-1·07) in the adult population (37·1 million adults [23·9-58·9]), and 0·24% (0·16-0·37) in the child population (5·8 million children [3·8-8·9]). Vitiligo prevalence was higher in adults than in children across all regions. Central Europe and south Asia reported the highest prevalence (0·52% [0·28-1·07] and 0·52% [0·33-0·82], respectively, in the general population). INTERPRETATION This study highlights the need for standardised epidemiological data collection globally to inform public health policies and improve vitiligo diagnosis and management. Emphasis on the impact on individuals with darker skin tones is crucial to reducing stigma and improving quality of life. Furthermore, our study highlights the need to conduct more research in regions and populations that have been historically under-represented, to effectively address the worldwide burden of vitiligo. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Akl
- Department of Dermatology, EpiDermE, Henri Mondor Hospital, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France; Department of Dermatology, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne-Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Solam Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Ju
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Rosa Parisi
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ji Yoon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jae Joon Jeon
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Woo Heo
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Viktoria Eleftheriadou
- Vitiligo Clinic and Research, Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust and The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Iltefat Hamzavi
- Multicultural Dermatology Center and Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christopher E M Griffiths
- Centre for Dermatological Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Dermatology, King's College Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Darren M Ashcroft
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Venkataram Mysore
- Venkat Centre for Advanced Skin and Plastic Surgery and Postgraduate Training, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Somesh Gupta
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Davinder Parsad
- Department of Dermatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Henry Lim
- Multicultural Dermatology Center and Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jung Min Bae
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Department of Dermatology, EpiDermE, Henri Mondor Hospital, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France; Department of Dermatology, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne-Université Paris, Paris, France.
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TeSlaa T, Ralser M, Fan J, Rabinowitz JD. The pentose phosphate pathway in health and disease. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1275-1289. [PMID: 37612403 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a glucose-oxidizing pathway that runs in parallel to upper glycolysis to produce ribose 5-phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Ribose 5-phosphate is used for nucleotide synthesis, while NADPH is involved in redox homoeostasis as well as in promoting biosynthetic processes, such as the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate, deoxyribonucleotides, proline, fatty acids and cholesterol. Through NADPH, the PPP plays a critical role in suppressing oxidative stress, including in certain cancers, in which PPP inhibition may be therapeutically useful. Conversely, PPP-derived NADPH also supports purposeful cellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) for signalling and pathogen killing. Genetic deficiencies in the PPP occur relatively commonly in the committed pathway enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). G6PD deficiency typically manifests as haemolytic anaemia due to red cell oxidative damage but, in severe cases, also results in infections due to lack of leucocyte oxidative burst, highlighting the dual redox roles of the pathway in free radical production and detoxification. This Review discusses the PPP in mammals, covering its roles in biochemistry, physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara TeSlaa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Markus Ralser
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jing Fan
- Morgride Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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Ogawa T, Ishitsuka Y. NRF2 in the Epidermal Pigmentary System. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010020. [PMID: 36671405 PMCID: PMC9855619 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is a major part of the environmental responses and tissue development of the integumentary system. The balance between reduction and oxidation (redox) governs pigmentary responses, for which coordination among epidermal resident cells is indispensable. Here, we review the current understanding of melanocyte biology with a particular focus on the "master regulator" of oxidative stress responses (i.e., the Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with cap'n'collar homology-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 system) and the autoimmune pigment disorder vitiligo. Our investigation revealed that the former is essential in pigmentogenesis, whereas the latter results from unbalanced redox homeostasis and/or defective intercellular communication in the interfollicular epidermis (IFE). Finally, we propose a model in which keratinocytes provide a "niche" for differentiated melanocytes and may "imprint" IFE pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ishitsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-66-879-3031; Fax: +81-66-879-3039
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Lyu C, Sun Y. Immunometabolism in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1055958. [PMID: 36439174 PMCID: PMC9684661 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common depigmenting skin disorder characterized by the selective loss of melanocytes. Autoimmunity, genetic, environmental, and biochemical etiology have been proposed in vitiligo pathogenesis. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of vitiligo development and progression are unclear, particularly for immunometabolism. Sporadic studies have suggested mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced oxidative stress, and specific defects in other metabolic pathways can promote dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses in vitiligo. These abnormalities appear to be driven by genetic and epigenetic factors modulated by stochastic events. In addition, glucose and lipid abnormalities in metabolism have been associated with vitiligo. Specific skin cell populations are also involved in the critical role of dysregulation of metabolic pathways, including melanocytes, keratinocytes, and tissue-resident memory T cells in vitiligo pathogenesis. Novel therapeutic treatments are also raised based on the abnormalities of immunometabolism. This review summarizes the current knowledge on immunometabolism reprogramming in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and novel treatment options.
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Chaudhary A, Patel M, Singh S. Current Debates on Etiopathogenesis and Treatment Strategies for Vitiligo. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1219-1238. [PMID: 35388753 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220406125645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired, chronic, and progressive depigmentation or hypopigmentation characterized by the destruction of melanocytes and the occurrence of white patches or macules in the skin, mucosal surface of eyes, and ears. Melanocytes are the melanin pigment-producing cells of the skin which are destroyed in pathological conditions called vitiligo. Approximately 0.5 - 2.0% of the population is suffering from vitiligo, and a higher prevalence rate of up to 8.8% has been reported in India. It is caused by various pathogenic factors like genetic predisposition, hyperimmune activation, increased oxidative stress, and alteration in neuropeptides level. Genetic research has revealed a multi- genetic inheritance that exhibits an overlap with other autoimmune disorders. However, melanocytes specific genes are also affected (such as DDR1, XBP1, NLRP1, PTPN22, COMT, FOXP3, ACE, APE, GSTP1, TLR, SOD, and CTLA-4). A number of therapeutic options are employed for the treatment of vitiligo. The topical corticosteroids and immunomodulators are currently in practice for the management of vitiligo. Phototherapies alone and in combinations with other approaches are used in those patients who do not respond to the topical treatment. The main focus of this review is on the etiopathological factors, pharmacological management (phototherapy, topical, systemic, and surgical therapy), and herbal drugs used to treat vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Mayank Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
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V-set domain containing T-cell activation inhibitor-1 (VTCN1): A potential target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152274. [PMID: 36095871 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity eventuates when the immune system attacks self-molecules as a result of the breakdown in immune tolerance. Targeting autoimmune diseases via immunomodulation has become an essential strategy in today's era. A B7 superfamily member immune checkpoint, the V-set domain containing T-cell activation inhibitor-1 (VTCN1), also known as B7-H4, B7S1, and B7x, is involved in negatively regulating T-cell activation. VTCN1 transcript has been reported in various lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, but its protein expression is restricted, indicating its translational regulation. Dysregulation of VTCN1 has resulted in the exacerbation of various autoimmune diseases. Moreover, increased soluble form of VTCN1 in the patient's sera positively correlates with the disease progression and severity. The current review summarizes all the reports till date, unfolding the role of VTCN1 in various autoimmune diseases and its therapeutic potential.
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Marchioro HZ, Castro CCSD, Fava VM, Sakiyama PH, Dellatorre G, Miot HA. Update on the pathogenesis of vitiligo. An Bras Dermatol 2022; 97:478-490. [PMID: 35643735 PMCID: PMC9263675 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a complex disease whose pathogenesis results from the interaction of genetic components, metabolic factors linked to cellular oxidative stress, melanocyte adhesion to the epithelium, and immunity (innate and adaptive), which culminate in aggression against melanocytes. In vitiligo, melanocytes are more sensitive to oxidative damage, leading to the increased expression of proinflammatory proteins such as HSP70. The lower expression of epithelial adhesion molecules, such as DDR1 and E-cadherin, facilitates damage to melanocytes and exposure of antigens that favor autoimmunity. Activation of the type 1-IFN pathway perpetuates the direct action of CD8+ cells against melanocytes, facilitated by regulatory T-cell dysfunction. The identification of several genes involved in these processes sets the stage for disease development and maintenance. However, the relationship of vitiligo with environmental factors, psychological stress, comorbidities, and the elements that define individual susceptibility to the disease are a challenge to the integration of theories related to its pathogenesis.
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Serum vitamin E levels and chronic inflammatory skin diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261259. [PMID: 34905558 PMCID: PMC8670689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin E has long been linked to skin health, including all of its possible functions in cosmetic products, to its roles in membrane integrity and even the aging process. However, reports on the relationship between serum vitamin E levels and the risk of chronic inflammatory skin diseases have been inconsistent. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between serum vitamin E levels and chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Methods We searched the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases, with no time limit up to 30.06.2021. Studies examining serum vitamin E levels in patients with chronic inflammatory skin diseases were selected. Results Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria. Compared with controls, a lower vitamin E level was found in patients with vitiligo (SMD: -0.70, 95% CI: -1.21 to -0.19), psoriasis (SMD: -2.73, 95% CI: -3.57 to -1.18), atopic dermatitis (SMD: -1.08, 95% CI: -1.80 to -0.36) and acne (SMD: -0.67, 95% CI: -1.05 to -0.30). Conclusions Our meta-analysis showed that serum vitamin E levels were lower in patients suffering from vitiligo, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and acne. This study highlights the need to evaluate vitamin E status to improve its level in patients with skin diseases.
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Singh M, Vaishnav J, Shah A, Begum R. Expression analysis of candidate genes in vitiligo patients & effect of oxidative stress on melanocytes. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhang J, Duan D, Osama A, Fang J. Natural Molecules Targeting Thioredoxin System and Their Therapeutic Potential. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1083-1107. [PMID: 33115246 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase are two core members of the Trx system. The system bridges the gap between the universal reducing equivalent NADPH and various biological molecules and plays an essential role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and regulating multiple cellular redox signaling pathways. Recent Advance: In recent years, the Trx system has been well documented as an important regulator of many diseases, especially tumorigenesis. Thus, the development of potential therapeutic molecules targeting the system is of great significance for disease treatment. Critical Issues: We herein first discuss the physiological functions of the Trx system and the role that the Trx system plays in various diseases. Then, we focus on the introduction of natural small molecules with potential therapeutic applications, especially the anticancer activity, and review their mechanisms of pharmacological actions via interfering with the Trx system. Finally, we further discuss several natural molecules that harbor therapeutic potential and have entered different clinical trials. Future Directions: Further studies on the functions of the Trx system in multiple diseases will not only improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of many human disorders but also help develop novel therapeutic strategies against these diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1083-1107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Alsiddig Osama
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
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Rafeeqi TA, Jabeen F, Waheed MA, Husain GM, Chakraborthy A. Oxidative stress in Vitiligo patients and administration of Munzij and Mushil therapy, a poly herbal Unani formulation - hospital-based study. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 17:jcim-2015-0111. [PMID: 31863700 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2015-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Vitiligo, a skin disorder is viewed as a multifactorial process with major role of reactive oxygen species in concert to destroy or incapacitate melanocytes. In Unani system of medicine the treatment of Bars (Vitiligo) starts with removal of harmful materials from the body with Munzij and Mushil (MM), a poly herbal Unani formulation. Methods Herein, oxidative stress related parameters as MDA, SOD, GPx and CAT have been estimated in the 21 clinically diagnosed Vitiligo in-patients and subsequently these parameters were evaluated during and after administration of MM therapy and compared with 21 healthy subjects. Results There was significant difference in the parameters viz., SOD (p<0.001) and CAT (p<0.005) activity at the baseline with no statistical significant difference in MDA and GPx activity among Vitiligo subjects and controls. After MM therapy there was no statistical significant difference among the values of these parameters in Vitiligo subjects. Conclusions The results suggest that there is imbalance in the oxidant-antioxidant status of Vitiligo subjects and the MM therapy is not found to significantly change the levels of oxidative stress related parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Towseef Amin Rafeeqi
- Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology, Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Opp ESI Hospital Erragada, Hyderabad, Telangana500038, India
| | - Farhat Jabeen
- Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology, Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Opp ESI Hospital Erragada, Hyderabad, Telangana500038, India
| | - M A Waheed
- Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology, Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Opp ESI Hospital Erragada, Hyderabad, Telangana500038, India
| | - Gulam Mohammed Husain
- Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology, Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Opp ESI Hospital Erragada, Hyderabad, Telangana500038, India
| | - Alokananda Chakraborthy
- Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology, Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Opp ESI Hospital Erragada, Hyderabad, Telangana500038, India
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Zhang B, Wang J, Zhao G, Lin M, Lang Y, Zhang D, Feng D, Tu C. Apigenin protects human melanocytes against oxidative damage by activation of the Nrf2 pathway. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:277-285. [PMID: 31953635 PMCID: PMC7058778 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a chronic, autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, resulting in progressively expanding depigmented skin patches. Severity of the disorder, which affects approximately 1% of humans, may be mitigated using topical corticosteroids combined with phototherapy; along with other clinical strategies; however, no definitive cures are currently available. Here, the capacity of apigenin, a plant-derived aglycone, to inhibit oxidative stress-mediated melanocyte depletion in vitro using a PIG3V vitiligo perilesional melanocyte cell model is evaluated. PIG3V cells, treated with selected doses of apigenin, were challenged with H2O2, then assessed for viability and the oxidative stress-related parameters: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2p45 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and downstream targets was detected using Western blotting. Outcomes demonstrated that compared with negative control cultures, apigenin-treated cells exhibited enhanced viability. Likewise, apigenin enhanced expression of the cellular anti-oxidants SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, but inhibited production of MDA, an oxidative stress biomarker. Interestingly, the expression and nuclear localization of the Nrf2 transcription factor, an important regulator oxidative stress and its downstream target genes, was significantly increased by apigenin treatment. Apigenin influence on Nrf2 was further validated by experiments demonstrating that Nrf2 knockdown cells failed to exhibit significant apigenin-mediated effects on cell viability and oxidative stress. Apigenin's non-toxicity and ability to affect multiple oxidative stress-related parameters through its effects on Nrf2 signaling in melanocytes suggests that it may prove to be a valuable therapeutic tool in long-term management of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Qingzhou, 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Division of Rheumatology, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Qingzhou, 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Changle County People's Hospital, Changle, 262400, Shandong, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400011, China
| | - Yong Lang
- Department of Dermatology, Gaomi People's Hospital, Gaomi, 261500, Shandong, China
| | - Diancai Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Qingzhou, 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Dianqin Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Qingzhou, 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Caixia Tu
- Department of Dermatology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No.467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China.
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Zheleva A, Nikolova G, Karamalakova Y, Hristakieva E, Lavcheva R, Gadjeva V. Comparative study on some oxidative stress parameters in blood of vitiligo patients before and after combined therapy. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 94:234-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Proanthocyanidins against Oxidative Stress: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8584136. [PMID: 29750172 PMCID: PMC5884402 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8584136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PCs) are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds abundant in many vegetables, plant skins (rind/bark), seeds, flowers, fruits, and nuts. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated myriad effects potentially beneficial to human health, such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, DNA repair, and antitumor activity. Accumulation of prooxidants such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeding cellular antioxidant capacity results in oxidative stress (OS), which can damage macromolecules (DNA, lipids, and proteins), organelles (membranes and mitochondria), and whole tissues. OS is implicated in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of many cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, dermatological, and metabolic diseases, both through direct molecular damage and secondary activation of stress-associated signaling pathways. PCs are promising natural agents to safely prevent acute damage and control chronic diseases at relatively low cost. In this review, we summarize the molecules and signaling pathways involved in OS and the corresponding therapeutic mechanisms of PCs.
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A T, G O, Tb G, E K, H O, Sm G, O C. Superoxide Dismutase 1 and 2 Gene Polymorphism in Turkish Vitiligo Patients. Balkan J Med Genet 2017; 20:67-74. [PMID: 29876235 PMCID: PMC5972505 DOI: 10.1515/bjmg-2017-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired disease of unknown etiology. Several theories have been proposed to understand the pathogenesis. The role of oxidative stress has been getting more important in recent years. One of the primary antioxidant enzymes in vitiligo is the superoxide dismutase (SOD). The aim of this study is to investigate the polymorphisms of the SOD1 and SOD2 in Turkish vitiligo patients. One hundred one vitiligo patients and 99 healthy controls without family history of vitiligo were included into the study. The SOD1 35 A/C and SOD2 A16V (C/T) polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphim (PCR-RFLP). Vitiligo patients and control group of SOD1 35 A/C and SOD2 A16V (C/T) polymorphism allele frequencies were compared by using χ2 tests. The distribution of the SOD1 35 AA and AC genotypes were similar in vitiligo patients and control group. When the patient and the control groups were compared for the SOD2 Ala9Val (C/T) polymorphism, a significant difference was determined for the distribution of the genotypes [p = 0.047, odds ratio (OR) = 2.075, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.008-4.272]. The relative risk for development of vitiligo was found as a 2-fold increase in the TT genotype. The increase of TT homozygosity in the vitiligo cases creates the problem on the transfer of the enzyme to the mitochondria and thus, the SODs antioxidant effect may decrease in vitiligo but the polymorphism was not determined in all patients, so this study needs to be substantiated by other studies containing a higher number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuna A
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozturk G
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gerceker Tb
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Karaca E
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Onay H
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Guvenc Sm
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cogulu O
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Mansuri MS, Jadeja SD, Singh M, Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Begum R. The catalase gene promoter and 5'-untranslated region variants lead to altered gene expression and enzyme activity in vitiligo. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:1590-1600. [PMID: 28542879 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is considered to be the initial event in the course of vitiligo. The enzyme catalase (CAT) is mainly involved in cellular defence against oxidizing agents through detoxifying H2 O2 . OBJECTIVES The aims were (i) to assess erythrocyte CAT enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels as well as CAT mRNA expression in skin and blood; (ii) to investigate CAT gene promoter rs7943316, rs1001179, 5'-untranslated region rs1049982, and exon (rs17886350, rs11032709, rs17880442, rs35677492) polymorphisms; and (iii) to perform genotype/haplotype-phenotype correlation analyses in patients with vitiligo and controls from Gujarat. METHODS CAT activity and LPO levels were measured spectrophotometrically. CAT mRNA levels were estimated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by the SYBR Green method. Single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping was performed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and amplification-refractory mutation system-PCR analyses. RESULTS Patients with vitiligo showed significantly decreased CAT mRNA expression in lesional and nonlesional skin and in blood, with reduced CAT activity compared with that of controls. CAT -89A/T and -20T/C polymorphisms were significantly associated with patients, especially with active and generalized vitiligo, whereas no association was observed for -262G/A and exon polymorphisms. The A-262 T-89 C-20 haplotype with variant alleles was found to be associated with 6·4-fold risk of vitiligo. Genotype/haplotype-phenotype correlation analyses revealed that individuals with susceptible genotypes/haplotype for CAT -89A/T and -20T/C polymorphisms showed significantly decreased CAT mRNA/activity, and only -89A/T polymorphisms showed significantly increased LPO levels compared with wild-type genotypes/haplotype. CONCLUSIONS The present study proposes the crucial role of CAT and its allelic variants in oxidative stress-mediated pathogenesis of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Mansuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - S D Jadeja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - M Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - N C Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - M Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - R Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
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miRNA signatures and transcriptional regulation of their target genes in vitiligo. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 84:50-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mansuri MS, Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Patel D, Alex T, Singh M, Singh DD, Begum R. Genetic variations (Arg5Pro and Leu6Pro) modulate the structure and activity of GPX1 and genetic risk for vitiligo. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:654-7. [PMID: 26991090 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohmmad Shoab Mansuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Naresh C Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhaval Patel
- Department of Bioinformatics & Structural Biology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Tina Alex
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mala Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Desh D Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics & Structural Biology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Kondo M, Kawabata K, Sato K, Yamaguchi S, Hachiya A, Takahashi Y, Inoue S. Glutathione maintenance is crucial for survival of melanocytes after exposure to rhododendrol. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:541-9. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Kondo
- Biological Science Research Kao Corporation Odawara Kanagawa Japan
| | - Keigo Kawabata
- Biological Science Research Kao Corporation Odawara Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kohji Sato
- Analytical Science Research Kao Corporation Odawara Kanagawa Japan
| | - Sayuri Yamaguchi
- Biological Science Research Kao Corporation Odawara Kanagawa Japan
| | - Akira Hachiya
- Biological Science Research Kao Corporation Odawara Kanagawa Japan
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Glutathione Peroxidase Level in Patients with Vitiligo: A Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3029810. [PMID: 27218102 PMCID: PMC4863094 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3029810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abnormality of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of vitiligo. However, the results were controversial. Aim. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare the levels of GPx between vitiligo patients and healthy controls. Methods. Relevant published articles were searched according to eligibility criteria. A meta-analysis was conducted to pool estimates of the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. Twenty-three studies with a total of 1076 vitiligo patients and 770 healthy controls were included. The pooled meta-analysis showed that patients with vitiligo had equivalent levels of GPx with the healthy controls (SMD = −0.47, 95% CI: −1.03 to 0.08, and p = 0.095). Further subgroup analysis showed that the GPx levels of Asian patients or segmental vitiligo patients were, respectively, lower than those of healthy controls (Asian: SMD = −0.47, 95% CI: −1.08 to 0.14, and p = 0.001; segmental: SMD = −3.59, 95% CI: −6.38 to −0.80, and p = 0.012). Furthermore, the GPx levels in serum/plasma were significantly decreased in either stable or active vitiligo patients, comparing to healthy controls (stable: SMD = −2.01, 95% CI: −3.52 to −0.49, and p = 0.009; active: SMD = −2.34, 95% CI: −4.07 to −0.61, and p = 0.008). Conclusion. This meta-analysis showed a significant association between low GPx level and vitiligo.
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Namazi MR. What is the important practical implication of detecting decreased G6PD levels in vitiligo? Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:89. [PMID: 26015915 PMCID: PMC4434444 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.156653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Namazi
- Department of Liverpool Hospital Dermatology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Zedan H, Abdel-Motaleb AA, Kassem NMA, Hafeez HAA, Hussein MRA. Low Glutathione Peroxidase Activity Levels in Patients with Vitiligo. J Cutan Med Surg 2015; 19:144-8. [DOI: 10.2310/7750.2014.14076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Vitiligo is an idiopathic skin disease characterized by white areas on the skin due to loss of the functional melanocytes, with possible involvement of oxidative stress. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is an antioxidant enzyme that protects cells against oxidative damage. Aim To examine serum GPx levels in patients with vitiligo and to relate the findings to the clinical features. Patients and Methods The study group included 60 patients with vitiligo and 30 matching healthy controls. GPx activity was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results We found a significant decrease in serum GPx activity level in the patients with vitiligo compared to the healthy controls (0.29 ± 0.14 versus 0.47 ± 0.13, p < .001). The levels were significantly low in skin phenotypes III and IV ( p < .001). Higher levels were also observed with increasing age (≥ 14 years), prolonged disease duration (≥ 3 years), and generalized and extensive vitiligo (<50%). However, these variations were statistically insignificant. Conclusions Low levels of serum GPx activity, indicative of a disturbed oxidant-antioxidant system, may contribute to the development of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Zedan
- From the Departments of Dermatology and Venereology and Andrology, Clinical Pathology, and Pathology, Faculties of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Amira Ali Abdel-Motaleb
- From the Departments of Dermatology and Venereology and Andrology, Clinical Pathology, and Pathology, Faculties of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Nahed Mahmoud Ali Kassem
- From the Departments of Dermatology and Venereology and Andrology, Clinical Pathology, and Pathology, Faculties of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Heba Ahmed Abdel Hafeez
- From the Departments of Dermatology and Venereology and Andrology, Clinical Pathology, and Pathology, Faculties of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Rezk Abdelwhahed Hussein
- From the Departments of Dermatology and Venereology and Andrology, Clinical Pathology, and Pathology, Faculties of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
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23
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Mansuri MS, Singh M, Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Marfatia YS, Begum R. MicroRNA profiling reveals differentially expressed microRNA signatures from the skin of patients with nonsegmental vitiligo. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1263-7. [PMID: 24814802 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M S Mansuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
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Huo SX, Liu XM, Ge CH, Gao L, Peng XM, Zhao PP, Yan M. The Effects of Galangin on a Mouse Model of Vitiligo Induced by Hydroquinone. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1533-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xia Huo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Laboratory Xinjiang Institute of Traditional Uighur Medicine; Xinjiang Laboratory of Uighur Medical Prescription; Urumqi Xinjiang 830049 China
| | - Xin-Ming Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Laboratory Xinjiang Institute of Traditional Uighur Medicine; Xinjiang Laboratory of Uighur Medical Prescription; Urumqi Xinjiang 830049 China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Chun-Hui Ge
- Department of Cell and Molecular Laboratory Xinjiang Institute of Traditional Uighur Medicine; Xinjiang Laboratory of Uighur Medical Prescription; Urumqi Xinjiang 830049 China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Cell and Molecular Laboratory Xinjiang Institute of Traditional Uighur Medicine; Xinjiang Laboratory of Uighur Medical Prescription; Urumqi Xinjiang 830049 China
| | - Xiao-Ming Peng
- Department of Cell and Molecular Laboratory Xinjiang Institute of Traditional Uighur Medicine; Xinjiang Laboratory of Uighur Medical Prescription; Urumqi Xinjiang 830049 China
| | - Ping-Ping Zhao
- Department of Cell and Molecular Laboratory Xinjiang Institute of Traditional Uighur Medicine; Xinjiang Laboratory of Uighur Medical Prescription; Urumqi Xinjiang 830049 China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Laboratory Xinjiang Institute of Traditional Uighur Medicine; Xinjiang Laboratory of Uighur Medical Prescription; Urumqi Xinjiang 830049 China
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Karsli N, Akcali C, Ozgoztasi O, Kirtak N, Inaloz S. Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of vitiligo with special emphasis on the antioxidant action of narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy. J Int Med Res 2014; 42:799-805. [DOI: 10.1177/0300060513516294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and the effect of narrowband (NB) ultraviolet (UV) B phototherapy on oxidative stress markers. Methods Patients with vitiligo and healthy control subjects were included in the study. Patients in the vitiligo group were treated with an NB-UVB regimen (3 × weekly for 6 months). Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), erythrocyte malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) levels were assessed in all participants at baseline, and after NB-UVB phototherapy in patients with vitiligo. Results A total of 24 patients with vitiligo and 27 control subjects were included in the study. Before treatment, erythrocyte MDA levels were significantly higher, and SOD and GSH-Px levels were significantly lower, in patients with vitiligo compared with controls. NB-UVB phototherapy was associated with a significant reduction in MDA levels and a significant increase in GSH-Px levels, compared with baseline, in patients with vitiligo. Conclusion NB-UVB phototherapy may relieve oxidative stress in patients with vitiligo by reversing the oxidant–antioxidant imbalance that is considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cenk Akcali
- Dermatology Department, Medical School, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Orhan Ozgoztasi
- Dermatology Department, Medical School, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Necmettin Kirtak
- Dermatology Department, Medical School, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Serhat Inaloz
- Dermatology Department, Medical School, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Impaired activation of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway undermines H2O2-induced oxidative stress response: a possible mechanism for melanocyte degeneration in vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2221-2230. [PMID: 24662764 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo melanocytes possess higher susceptibility to oxidative insults. Consistent with this, impairment of the antioxidant defense system has been reported to be involved in the onset and progression of vitiligo. Our previous study showed that the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element (Nrf2-ARE) pathway and its downstream antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) are crucial for melanocytes to cope with H2O2-induced oxidative damage. Here, we sought to determine whether the diminished Nrf2-ARE activity that contributes to reduced downstream antioxidant enzymes and increased oxidative stress could be the reason why melanocytes are more vulnerable to vitiligo. We found that vitiligo melanocytes exhibited hypersensitivity to H2O2-induced oxidative injury because of reduced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity, which led to decreased HO-1 expression and aberrant redox balance. Moreover, we also found that the level of serum HO-1 was significantly decreased and that of IL-2 was markedly increased in 113 vitiligo patients when compared with healthy controls. These data demonstrate that impaired activation of Nrf2 under oxidative stress could result in decreased expression of antioxidant enzymes and increased death of vitiligo melanocytes.
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Farahi-Jahromy A, Fallahzadeh MK, Ashkani-Esfahani S, Hamidizadeh N, Ghavipisheh M, Namazi MR. Decreased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels in vitiligo patients: Further evidence of oxidative stress. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:34. [PMID: 24592379 PMCID: PMC3928850 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.124686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nasrin Hamidizadeh
- Skin Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ghavipisheh
- Shiraz Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Deo SS, Bhagat AR, Shah RN. Study of oxidative stress in peripheral blood of Indian vitiligo patients. Indian Dermatol Online J 2013; 4:279-82. [PMID: 24350005 PMCID: PMC3853890 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5178.120637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is an acquired skin disease that involves the interplay of complex genetic, immunological, neural and self-destructive mechanisms in its pathogenesis. According to autocytotoxic hypothesis, oxidative stress has been suggested to be the initial pathogenic event in melanocyte degeneration. OBJECTIVES The aim of our investigation was to evaluate the role of oxidative stress by studying the role of catalase (CAT) in the destruction of melanocytes in patients with vitiligo and compare the same in healthy normal controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS We determined the serum catalase enzyme by ELISA method. The catalase activity was studied in two groups, Group I-localized vitiligo: (i) active stage, (ii) static or inactive stage and Group II-generalized vitiligo: (i) active stage, (ii) static or inactive stage patients, and the levels were compared with healthy controls. RESULTS Group I active stage patients showed significant difference in the catalase levels with a P < 0.044 when compared with healthy controls, whereas Group II static stage patients did not show any significant difference (P < 0.095) although the catalase activity was increased. CONCLUSION Our study could not explain the cause of melanocyte damage in patients in the active stage of the disease. The increase in the oxidative stress as detected by catalase activity was more significant in Group I active disease than Group II active disease patients although the levels were higher than the healthy normals. This is the first study conducted on active and static stage of vitilgo in India. It is possible that the number of compounds of hydrogen peroxide produced is not balanced by the production of catalase in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha S Deo
- Department of Immunology, Sir. H.N. Medical Research Society, Girgaum, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ameya R Bhagat
- Department of Immunology, Sir. H.N. Medical Research Society, Girgaum, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajnikant N Shah
- Department of Immunology, Sir. H.N. Hospital and Research Centre, Girgaum, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Gani AR, Shajil EM, Begum R. Involvement of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes and their genetic variants in progression of and higher susceptibility to vitiligo. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1110-1125. [PMID: 24036105 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated as the initial triggering event in vitiligo pathogenesis leading to melanocyte destruction. Here, we report a significant increase in oxidative stress in vitiligo patients as evidenced by high lipid peroxidation levels suggesting an imbalance in the antioxidant enzyme system as reported in our previous studies. This study examined the role of the enzymatic antioxidant SOD, which converts the pro-oxidant superoxide into H2O2, in vitiligo pathogenesis. The activity of three isoforms of SOD, i.e., SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3, was significantly higher in vitiligo patients. To identify the underlying mechanism for the increase in activities of SOD isoforms, we explored the SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3 genes for their genetic variations and transcript levels. The SOD2 Thr58Ile (rs35289490) and Leu84Phe (rs11575993) polymorphisms were significantly associated with vitiligo patients, and the Val16Ala (rs4880) polymorphism was associated with active vitiligo patients. Interestingly, SOD2 activity was contributed by these polymorphisms along with its increase in transcript levels in patients. SOD3 activity was associated with the Arg213Gly (rs8192291) polymorphism. The SOD3 transcript levels were also increased in patients, which might contribute to the increased SOD3 activity. However, we could not establish the genotype-phenotype correlation for SOD1 as we could not detect any novel or reported SNPs in SOD1. In addition, both transcript and protein levels of SOD1 were unchanged between patients and controls, though SOD1 activity was increased in patients. Activities of SOD isoforms also correlated with progression of the disease as the activity was higher in active cases of vitiligo compared to stable cases. Here, we report that SOD2 and SOD3 polymorphisms may be genetic risk factors for susceptibility and progression of vitiligo and hence the genetic makeup of an individual may form a basis for the effective treatment of the disease. Overall, our results suggest that increased activity of SOD isoforms under the influence of genetic factors may lead to accumulation of H2O2 in cytoplasmic, mitochondrial, and extracellular compartments resulting in oxidative damage to the melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh C Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Amina R Gani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - E M Shajil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India.
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Akoglu G, Emre S, Metin A, Akbas A, Yorulmaz A, Isikoglu S, Sener S, Kilinc F. Evaluation of total oxidant and antioxidant status in localized and generalized vitiligo. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013; 38:701-6. [PMID: 23601201 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentation disorder, and oxidative stress is suggested to have a major role in its aetiopathogenesis. AIM To assess whether oxidative stress has a greater role in generalized than in localized vitiligo. METHODS We assessed 31 patients with active vitiligo (17 localized, 14 generalized) and 38 healthy controls. Serum total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined. RESULTS Patients with vitiligo had significantly lower TAS and higher TOS and OSI values than controls. Both localized and generalized vitiligo were associated with lower TAS and higher TOS and OSI values, compared with controls, and all three did not differ with vitiligo type. CONCLUSIONS A systemic oxidative stress exists in patients with vitiligo. These results indicate that the global antioxidant capacity of patients might have been exhausted through a defence mechanism against oxidative processes. The imbalance in TOS/TAS status may have an important role in the aetiopathogenesis of vitiligo, regardless of the clinical variant of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Akoglu
- Dermatology Clinic, Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
There is a limited number of options in vitiligo treatment, with the disease frequently refractory to all existing treatment modalities. This warrants development of novel and improving existing vitiligo treatments as well as finding predicting factors to improve treatment outcome through appropriate selection and the most efficient application of a treatment. These issues are addressed in clinical studies aiming to evaluate safety and efficiency of novel treatments, improvements and modifications introduced to existing treatments, and to define predictors of treatment efficiency and their limitations. Here, results of recent (since year 2009) clinical studies in vitiligo field are overviewed, with the emphasis on their contribution to improved vitiligo management.
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Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Mansuri MS, Gani AR, Ansarullah M, Ramachandran AV, Dalai S, Begum R. Vitiligo: interplay between oxidative stress and immune system. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:245-50. [PMID: 23425123 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a multifactorial polygenic disorder with a complex pathogenesis, linked with both genetic and non-genetic factors. The precise modus operandi for vitiligo pathogenesis has remained elusive. Theories regarding loss of melanocytes are based on autoimmune, cytotoxic, oxidant-antioxidant and neural mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in excess have been documented in active vitiligo skin. Numerous proteins in addition to tyrosinase are affected. It is possible that oxidative stress is one among the main principal causes of vitiligo. However, there also exists ample evidence for altered immunological processes in vitiligo, particularly in chronic and progressive conditions. Both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system appear to be involved as a primary event or as a secondary promotive consequence. There is speculation on the interplay, if any, between ROS and the immune system in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. The article focuses on the scientific evidences linking oxidative stress and immune system to vitiligo pathogenesis giving credence to a convergent terminal pathway of oxidative stress-autoimmunity-mediated melanocyte loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh C Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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Yesilova Y, Turan E, Ucmak D, Selek S, Halil Yavuz İ, Tanrıkulu O. Reduced serum paraoxonase-1 levels in vitiligo: further evidence of oxidative stress. Redox Rep 2013; 17:214-8. [PMID: 23068968 DOI: 10.1179/1351000212y.0000000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common disorder that results in depigmented areas of the skin. The pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear, but oxidative stress is one suggested cause. Oxidative stress may be induced by increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species and other free radicals. The generation of reactive oxygen species is known to be associated with a decrease in antioxidant levels. This study examined oxidative stress index in active lesions of generalized vitiligo patients. We analysed serum levels of paraoxonase 1, arylesterase, catalase, ceruloplasmin, total antioxidant capacity, and oxidative stress index in patients with active lesions of generalized vitiligo, as well as in matched, healthy controls. Serum oxidants and oxidative stress indexes were higher, and serum antioxidants were lower, in vitiligo patients compared with healthy controls. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Paraoxonase 1 can be used as an indicator in determining oxidative stress existent in the pathogenesis of vitiligo diseases.
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Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Begum R. Increased Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α and its promoter polymorphisms correlate with disease progression and higher susceptibility towards vitiligo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52298. [PMID: 23284977 PMCID: PMC3527546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, is a paracrine inhibitor of melanocytes, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases including vitiligo, as abnormal immune responses have frequently been observed in vitiligo patients. Moreover, vitiligo patients show higher lesion levels of TNF-α. Genetic polymorphisms in the promoter region of TNF-α are involved in the regulation of its expression. The present study explores TNF-α promoter polymorphisms and correlates them with TNF-α transcript and protein levels in vitiligo patients and controls of Gujarat along with its effect on disease onset and progression. PCR-RFLP technique was used for genotyping of these polymorphisms in 977 vitiligo patients and 990 controls. TNF-α transcript and protein levels were measured by Real time PCR and ELISA respectively. The genotype and allele frequencies for the investigated polymorphisms were significantly associated with vitiligo patients. The study revealed significant increase in TNF-α transcript and protein levels in vitiligo patients compared to controls. In particular, haplotypes: AATCC, AACCT, AGTCT, GATCT, GATCC and AGCCT were found to increase the TNF-α levels in vitiligo patients. Analysis of TNF-α levels based on the gender and disease progression suggests that female patients and patients with active vitiligo had higher levels of TNF-α. Also, the TNF-α levels were high in patients with generalized vitiligo as compared to localized vitiligo. Age of onset analysis of the disease suggests that the haplotypes: AACAT, AACCT, AATCC and AATCT had a profound effect in the early onset of the disease. Moreover, the analysis suggests that female patients had an early onset of vitiligo. Overall, our results suggest that TNF-α promoter polymorphisms may be genetic risk factors for susceptibility and progression of the disease. The up-regulation of TNF-α transcript and protein levels in individuals with susceptible haplotypes advocates the crucial role of TNF-α in autoimmune pathogenesis of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh C. Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- * E-mail:
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Rao A, Gupta S, Dinda AK, Sharma A, Sharma VK, Kumar G, Mitra DK, Prashant CK, Singh G. Study of clinical, biochemical and immunological factors determining stability of disease in patients with generalized vitiligo undergoing melanocyte transplantation. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166:1230-6. [PMID: 22329760 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stability is considered the most important parameter before performing any melanocyte transplantation procedure in vitiligo; however, current criteria rely on the history given by the patients. OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to determine the clinical, biochemical and immunological factors determining stability of disease in patients with generalized vitiligo to facilitate better patient selection for melanocyte transplantation and to understand immunological mechanisms for disease activity. METHODS Thirty-three patients with generalized vitiligo with < 10% body surface area involved were allocated to three clinical stability groups: Group 1 (stability > 3 months but < 1 year), Group 2 (≥ 1 year but < 2 years) and Group 3 (≥ 2 years). Melanocyte transplantation was done using suction blister epidermal grafting (SBEG) on a single patch. Blood was drawn for catalase estimation from all patients and from 10 healthy control subjects. A 3-mm punch biopsy was taken on the day of transplantation from the margin of the macule in the first five patients in each group for the immunohistochemistry of CD4, CD8, CD45RO, CD45RA and FoxP3. Those with ≥ 75% repigmentation at 6 months were labelled as responders. RESULTS The success rate was 0% in Group 1, 37·5% in Group 2 and 77·8% in Group 3. The difference in the success rate between the groups was statistically significant (P = 0·005). The median period of stability was significantly higher in the responders compared with that in the nonresponders (P = 0·001). Catalase levels were not significantly different between patients in the three groups of cases and in controls, or between responders and nonresponders. Lesional CD8 cells were significantly higher in Group 1 compared with Group 3. The percentages of CD8 and CD45RO cells were significantly higher in the nonresponders compared with the responders. CONCLUSION Along with clinical stability, the proportion of CD8 and CD45RO cells in skin biopsies might help to determine the stability of the disease and thereby predict the success of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
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Lin M, Lu SS, Wang AX, Qi XY, Zhao D, Wang ZH, Man MQ, Tu CX. Apigenin attenuates dopamine-induced apoptosis in melanocytes via oxidative stress-related p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and Akt signaling. J Dermatol Sci 2011; 63:10-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Vitiligo is an idiopathic, acquired, circumscribed, hypomelanotic skin disorder, characterized by milky white patches of different sizes and shapes. It is due to the destruction of melanocytes resulting in the absence of pigment production of the skin and mucosal surfaces. Oxidative stress has been implicated in pathophysiology of vitiligo. To study the activity of blood Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in vitiligo patients. A case-control study was conducted in which 100 patients were enrolled after written consent. 50 cases were of active vitiligo and 50 served as control (25 healthy control and 25 with stable vitiligo). SOD-In our study, among the active vitiligo cases 90% had high level of SOD and 10% had normal level of SOD. Among the stable vitiligo controls, 92% had normal level of SOD and 8% had low levels of SOD.The difference between active vitiligo cases and stable vitiligo control as well as with healthy control was statistically significant (P value < 0.05). GPx-Among the active vitiligo cases 74% had normal GPx levels, 22% had low and only 4% had high levels of GPx. Among the stable vitiligo controls, 64% had normal GPx levels, 16% had low, and 20% had high levels of GPx. The difference between active vitiligo cases and stable vitiligo control as well as with healthy control was statistically not significant (P value > 0.05). Our study shows that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of vitiligo, as indicated by the high levels of serum superoxide dismutase activity.
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Jalel A, Yassine M, Hamdaoui MH. Oxidative stress in experimental vitiligo C57BL/6 mice. Indian J Dermatol 2009; 54:221-4. [PMID: 20161850 PMCID: PMC2810685 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.55628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate whether oxidative stress is implicated in melanocyte damage in vitiligo. BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a complex disorder characterized by gradually enlarging areas of depigmentation. A new unifying hypothesis for the etiology of this pigment disorder is proposed, in which we postulate that the final destruction of melanocytes in vitiligo results from a cascade of reactions initiated by a disregulation of melanogenesis, as the result of a breakdown in free radical defense. METHODS We evaluated 18 vitiligo mice and 12 controls that were age matched. Parameters of oxidative stress such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by spectrophotometry. RESULTS MDA levels in vitiligo mice were significantly higher than in controls (P < 0.001). CAT, SOD, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in mice were significantly lower than controls (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results confirmed that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Melanocyte damage in vitiligo might be linked to generalized oxidative stress. This study is the first report on antioxidant parameters in experimental vitiligo mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akrem Jalel
- Unité de Recherche sur les Composés antioxydants, Stress Oxydant, Eléments Traces et Maladies Métaboliques, Ecole Supérieure des Sciences et Techniques de la Santé de Tunis.
| | - Mrabet Yassine
- Unité de Recherche sur les Composés antioxydants, Stress Oxydant, Eléments Traces et Maladies Métaboliques, Ecole Supérieure des Sciences et Techniques de la Santé de Tunis.
| | - Mohamed Hédi Hamdaoui
- Unité de Recherche sur les Composés antioxydants, Stress Oxydant, Eléments Traces et Maladies Métaboliques, Ecole Supérieure des Sciences et Techniques de la Santé de Tunis.
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Time-kinetic study of repigmentation in vitiligo patients by tacrolimus or pimecrolimus. Arch Dermatol Res 2009; 302:131-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-009-0973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Circulatory levels of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in Indian patients with generalized and localized vitiligo. Arch Dermatol Res 2009; 301:731-7. [PMID: 19488773 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-009-0964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired skin disease, characterized by white areas on the skin due to loss of functional melanocytes. The pathogenesis of the disease is still unclear. Published data show the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of vitiligo. A total of 30 vitiligo patients and 30 healthy controls were included in this study. We estimated serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamins E and C, total antioxidant activity and whole blood levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in vitiligo patients and controls. We found significantly higher levels of MDA and significantly lower levels of SOD, GPx, vitamins C and E and total antioxidant activity in vitiligo patients compared with controls. This study is a maiden attempt to report on antioxidant parameters of both generalized/localized-type Indian vitiligo patients. Our results confirmed that oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and cause melanocyte damage in vitiligo.
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Dammak I, Boudaya S, Ben Abdallah F, Turki H, Attia H, Hentati B. Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation at the tissue level in patients with stable and active vitiligo. Int J Dermatol 2009; 48:476-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.03998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li K, Li C, Gao L, Yang L, Li M, Liu L, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Gao T. A functional single-nucleotide polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene alter vitiligo risk in a Chinese population. Arch Dermatol Res 2008; 301:681-7. [PMID: 19112571 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-008-0920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 11/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired hypomelanotic skin disorder resulting from the loss of functional melanocytes. The COMT-158 polymorphism can reduce COMT enzyme activity and may thus lead to the overproduction of toxic radicals in the melanocyte microenvironment. To determine whether this polymorphism in the COMT gene is associated with an increased risk of vitiligo in Chinese populations, we used a polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) technique to determine the frequency of the polymorphism COMT-158 G > A in 749 vitiligo patients and 763 healthy controls. We found that compared to the COMT-158 GG genotype, the COMT-158 GA genotype (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.72) and the combined GA + AA genotype (adjusted OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.15-1.74) were associated with an increased risk of generalized vitiligo. The association was more pronounced in patients with early-onset vitiligo (adjusted OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.45-2.60), those with a family history of vitiligo (adjusted OR, 3.84; 95% CI, 2.47-5.96), and female patients (adjusted OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.29-2.36). When we further clinically stratified the vitiligo patients according to their disease types, we found that the combined GA + AA genotype was associated with vitiligo vulgaris (adjusted OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02-1.68), focal vitiligo (adjusted OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.17-2.25), and universal vitiligo (adjusted OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.98-2.30), but not with acrofacial vitiligo (adjusted OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 0.86-2.73) or segmental vitiligo (adjusted OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.72-2.51). In conclusion, this COMT gene polymorphism may have contributed to the etiology of vitiligo in our Chinese population. Larger population-based studies are required to verify our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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43
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Guan CP, Zhou MN, Xu AE, Kang KF, Liu JF, Wei XD, Li YW, Zhao DK, Hong WS. The susceptibility to vitiligo is associated with NF-E2-related factor2 (Nrf2) gene polymorphisms: a study on Chinese Han population. Exp Dermatol 2008; 17:1059-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00752.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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44
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Surekha T, Ishaq M, Latha K, Rao P, Jahan P. Do Clinical Variants of Vitiligo Involve X-Chromosomal Gene(s) Too? JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2008.728.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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45
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Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Shajil EM, Prajapati H, Marfatia YS, Begum R. Association of PTPN22 1858C/T polymorphism with vitiligo susceptibility in Gujarat population. J Dermatol Sci 2008; 49:260-2. [PMID: 18037273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2007] [Revised: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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46
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Em S, Laddha NC, Chatterjee S, Gani AR, Malek RA, Shah BJ, Begum R. Association of catalase T/C exon 9 and glutathione peroxidase codon 200 polymorphisms in relation to their activities and oxidative stress with vitiligo susceptibility in Gujarat population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 20:405-7. [PMID: 17850515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.2007.00406.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Dell'Anna ML, Ottaviani M, Albanesi V, Vidolin AP, Leone G, Ferraro C, Cossarizza A, Rossi L, Picardo M. Membrane Lipid Alterations as a Possible Basis for Melanocyte Degeneration in Vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 127:1226-33. [PMID: 17235326 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of oxidative stress has been proposed as a pathogenetic mechanism for melanocyte degeneration in vitiligo. In order to evaluate this possible correlation we focused on the lipid component of cell membranes. We observed in vitiligo melanocytes, through FACS methods, an increased median fluorescence intensity of rhodamine 123 and C11-BODIPY581/591 indicating a spontaneous higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and membrane lipoperoxidation, associated with an altered pattern of cardiolipin (CL) distribution, defined on the basis of the fluorescence pattern after staining with 10-nonyl acridine orange. We confirmed membrane peroxidation by confocal and contrast-phase microscopes and demonstrated impaired activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex I. Finally, we observed increased apoptotic events following exposure to the pro-oxidant cumene hydroperoxide by Annexin V/propidium iodide fluorescence. We hypothesize that in vitiligo melanocytes lipid instability, with a defect in the synthesis or recycling of CL, induces ETC impairment and ROS production. In basal conditions melanocytes maintain the redox balance whereas following chemical or physical stress ROS-mediated membrane peroxidation is increased with a possible further CL oxidation, leading to cell death or detachment.
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48
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Manga P, Sheyn D, Yang F, Sarangarajan R, Boissy RE. A role for tyrosinase-related protein 1 in 4-tert-butylphenol-induced toxicity in melanocytes: Implications for vitiligo. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 169:1652-62. [PMID: 17071589 PMCID: PMC1780195 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo presents with depigmented cutaneous lesions following localized melanocyte death. Multiple factors contribute to cell death, including genetically determined susceptibility to trauma, and environmental factors, such as exposure to 4-tert-butylphenol (4-TBP). We demonstrate that 4-TBP induces oxidative stress that is more readily overcome by melanocytes from normally pigmented individuals than from two individuals with vitiligo. The antioxidant catalase selectively and significantly reduced death of melanocytes derived from two individuals with vitiligo, indicating a role for oxidative stress in vitiligo pathogenesis. In normal melanocytes, oxidative stress results in reduced expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced expression of MITF protein caused increased sensitivity to 4-TBP, whereas sensitivity of melanomas correlated with MITF expression. MITF stimulates melanin synthesis by up-regulating expression of melanogenic enzymes such as tyrosinase-related protein-1 (Tyrp1). Although melanin content per se did not affect sensitivity to 4-TBP, expression of Tyrp1 significantly increased sensitivity. Melanocytes and melanomas that express functional Tyrp1 were significantly more sensitive to 4-TBP than Tyrp1-null cells. Thus, normal melanocytes respond to 4-TBP by reducing expression of MITF and Tyrp1. We hypothesize that melanocytes in vitiligo demonstrate reduced ability to withstand oxidative stress due, partly, to a disruption in MITF regulation of Tyrp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashiela Manga
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 670592, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0592, USA
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49
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Dell'anna ML, Picardo M. A review and a new hypothesis for non-immunological pathogenetic mechanisms in vitiligo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 19:406-11. [PMID: 16965269 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.2006.00333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting disorder characterized by the loss of functioning epidermal melanocytes because of multifactorial and overlapping pathogenetic mechanisms. Besides the immunological approach, the study of the metabolic deregulations leading to toxic damage of the melanocytes appears to be more and more relevant. It was only last year that the first in vitro evidence supporting the link and the temporal sequence between the immune response and the cellular oxidative stress was provided, suggesting that the intrinsic damage of the melanocytes is primitive. What can be the guide line of the multiple altered metabolisms? A compromised membrane could render the cell sensitive to the external and internal agents differently, usually ineffective on the cell activity and survival. The primitive altered arrangement of the lipids may affect the transmembrane housing of proteins with enzymatic or receptorial activities, also conferring on them antigenic properties.
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50
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Ines D, Sonia B, Riadh BM, Amel EG, Slaheddine M, Hamida T, Hamadi A, Basma H. A comparative study of oxidant-antioxidant status in stable and active vitiligo patients. Arch Dermatol Res 2006; 298:147-52. [PMID: 16897080 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-006-0680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Revised: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenetic mechanisms in vitiligo have not been completely clarified. One of the major hypotheses in the pathogenesis of vitiligo is the oxidative stress hypothesis. The active or stable phase of vitiligo is defined on the basis of the progression or appearance of new lesions in the last 3 months and the absence of new lesions or their progression in the last 6 months, respectively. Eighteen patients with active vitiligo, 18 patients with stable vitiligo, and 40 controls were included in this study. We examined serum levels of malondialdehyde, selenium, vitamin E and A, and the erythrocyte activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Our results revealed a significantly higher level of serum malondialdehyde, selenium in patients with active disease compared with the controls. Significant higher increase in erythrocytes superoxide dismutase activities was observed in active vitiligo group, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity was decreased significantly in active disease, whereas erythrocyte catalase activity and plasma vitamin E and A levels were not different in vitiligo patients as compared with controls. Our study shows that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of both active and stable vitiligo but increased imbalance of antioxidants was observed in the blood of active vitiligo patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dammak Ines
- Institut supérieur de biotechnologie de Sfax, Route sokra km 4.5. BP 261, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
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