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He S, Mao X, Lei H, Dong B, Guo D, Zheng B, Sun P. Peripheral Blood Inflammatory-Immune Cells as a Predictor of Infertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:441-450. [PMID: 32884325 PMCID: PMC7443446 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s260770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory-immune cells in the peripheral blood of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and assessed the potential correlation between inflammatory-immune cells and infertility in PCOS women. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, the profiles of lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. White blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (Neu), lymphocytes, Ferriman-Gallwey (F-G) score, testosterone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, fasting blood glucose, and fasting plasma insulin were measured, together with body mass index. Association between inflammatory-immune cells and PCOS was evaluated. Moreover, inflammatory-immune cells of the PCOS women with infertility were evaluated, and the relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve and cutoff values were calculated. Results The number of WBC, Neu, and lymphocytes was higher in PCOS women than controls (P<0.05). The percentages of total T lymphocytes, CD4+T, and NK were significantly increased in the PCOS group (P<0.001). The CD4/CD8 ratio was obviously elevated for increasing CD4+T (P<0.05). Consequently, T%, CD4+T%, and NK% were found to be the independent risk factors of PCOS by ROC curve and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, only NK% was significantly higher in PCOS women with infertility than those who had PCOS without infertility (P<0.001). To diagnose infertility in PCOS, the cutoff value of NK% was calculated as 16.43%. Conclusion These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of PCOS is related to immune cells including T, CD4+T, and NK cells. NK cells are likely to be a potential predictive factor for PCOS women with infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShuQiong He
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoDan Mao
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - HuiFang Lei
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - BinHua Dong
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - DanHua Guo
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - BeiHong Zheng
- Department of Reproduction, Fujian, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - PengMing Sun
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
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Proportion of Cytotoxic Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cells and T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocytes in Recurrent Miscarriage and Repeated Implantation Failure: Case–Control Study and Meta-analysis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2019; 67:225-236. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-019-00546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Li Z, Peng A, Feng Y, Zhang X, Liu F, Chen C, Ye X, Qu J, Jin C, Wang M, Qiu H, Qi Y, Huang J, Yang Q. Detection of T lymphocyte subsets and related functional molecules in follicular fluid of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6040. [PMID: 30988342 PMCID: PMC6465402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses play an important role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the characteristics of T lymphocyte subsets in PCOS remain insufficiently understood. In this study, lymphocytes of follicular fluid (FF) were obtained from oocyte retrieval before in-vitro fertilization (IVF) in infertile women with or without PCOS. The levels of cluster of differentiation 25 (CD25), CD69, programmed death 1 (PD-1), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 17A (IL-17A) and IL-10 in T lymphocytes were determined by flow cytometry. Our results showed that the percentage of FF CD8+ T cells was significantly decreased in infertile patients with PCOS (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of CD69 and IFN-γ were significantly decreased and the level of PD-1 was increased in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from infertile patients with PCOS (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of PD-1 on CD4+ or CD8+ T cells was positively correlated with the estradiol (E2) levels in the serum and reversely correlated with the expression of IFN-γ in CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in infertile patients with PCOS. These results suggested that T cell dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitao Li
- Reproductive medical center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511400, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anping Peng
- Clinical laboratory, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong province, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfa Feng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- Reproductive medical center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511400, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangqi Chen
- Reproductive medical center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511400, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiale Qu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Jin
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaina Qiu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Qi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Quan Yang
- Reproductive medical center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 511400, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.
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Azargoon A, Mirrasouli Y, Shokrollahi Barough M, Barati M, Kokhaei P. The State of Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cells and Cytotoxicity in Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Unexplained Infertility. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2019; 13:12-17. [PMID: 30644239 PMCID: PMC6334012 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2019.5503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of peripheral natural killer (pNK) cells, as a screening test in women with recur-
rent pregnancy loss (RPL) and unexplained infertility, is still a matter for discussion. The purpose of this study was to
compare the percentage of circulating CD56+NK cells, CD69 and perforin markers between women with unexplained
infertility and RPL with the healthy control group. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, the percentage of CD56+NK cells and activation markers (CD69
and perforin levels) in the peripheral blood were measured in 25 women with unexplained infertility, 24 women with
idiopathic RPL and 26 women from the healthy control group, using specific monoclonal antibodies by flow cytometry. Results The percentage of CD56+NK cells was significantly higher in patients with infertility in comparison with
the healthy control group (P=0.007). There were not significant differences either in the total number of CD56+cells
between the RPL group and the control group (P=0.2) or between the RPL group and the infertile group (P=0.36).
The percentage of CD69+lymphocytes in RPL group was significantly higher than in the infertility group (P=0.004).
There was a statistically significant difference in Perforin levels between RLP and control (P=0.001) as well as RPL
and infertile (P=0.002) groups. Conclusion An increased percentage of CD56+NK cells in patients with unexplained infertility, an elevated expression
of CD69 on NK cells in patients with RPL and infertility and a high level of perforin on CD56+cells in the RPL group
might be considered as immunological risk factors in these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Azargoon
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Infertility, Amir-AL-Momenin Hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Yasaman Mirrasouli
- Department of Infertility, Amir-AL-Momenin Hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Shokrollahi Barough
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Cancer Immunotherapy and Regenerative Medicine Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Electronic Address: .,Immune and Gene therapy Lab, CCK, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kollmann Z, Schneider S, Fux M, Bersinger NA, von Wolff M. Gonadotrophin stimulation in IVF alters the immune cell profile in follicular fluid and the cytokine concentrations in follicular fluid and serum. Hum Reprod 2017; 32:820-831. [PMID: 28201504 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Study question Are the immune cell profiles and the cytokine concentrations in follicular fluid (FF) and serum at the preovulatory stage different in conventional exogenous gonadotrophin stimulated IVF (c-IVF) compared with natural cycle IVF (NC-IVF)? Summary answer The cell counts of CD45+ leucocytes and T cell subpopulations and the cytokine concentrations in FF and serum are different in c-IVF compared to NC-IVF. What is known already FF-derived cells are heterogeneous. Immune cells are involved in intra-ovarian processes and cytokines are required for normal follicular development. Gonadotrophins stimulate the regulatory intrafollicular system and influence the local distribution of immune cells and the intrafollicular release of cytokines. Administration of exogenous gonadotrophins may have a significant effect on this local regulatory system, which then in turn could influence oocyte quality. Study design, size, duration The study included 105 patients, 69 undergoing c-IVF and 36 undergoing NC-IVF. c-IVF was performed by exogenous ovarian stimulation with hMG and GnRH antagonists. Participants/materials, setting, methods FF samples were collected from the first dominant follicle in c-IVF without pooling and from single leading preovulatory follicles in NC-IVF. Three different approaches were used to analyze FF samples: (i) microscopic investigation of CD45+ leucocytes, (ii) fluorescence-activated cell sorting to determine CD19+ B cells and CD3+ T cells including T cell subpopulations (CD4+, CD8+), and (iii) evaluation of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (INF-γ), interleukins (IL)-2, -6, -8, -10 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in matched FF and serum samples using the Bio-Plex® platform. Main results and the role of chance FF obtained from c-IVF contained proportionally more CD45+ leucocytes (P = 0.0384), but fewer CD8+ cytotoxic T cells than FF from NC-IVF. CD3+ T lymphocytes were the most common type of lymphocytes, and the number thereof was comparable in the two study groups. In c-IVF, serum VEGF levels were higher (P = 0.007) than in NC-IVF while FF contained marginally decreased concentrations of IL-8 in c-IVF in comparison to NC-IVF. The cytokine concentration gradient between FF and serum in c-IVF was 10-fold for IL-8 and 8-fold for VEGF and thereby markedly lower than in NC-IVF, where the differences were 32-fold and 30-fold, respectively. Strong positive correlations were determined between FF- IL-10 and FF- VEGF in c-IVF (r = 0.85, P < 0.0001) and in NC-IVF (r = 0.81, P < 0.0001). Large scale data N/A. Limitations, reasons for caution The ovulation of NC-IVF follicles was induced by the exogenous administration of hCG, which means that the environment did not fully correspond to the physiological situation. Wider implications of the findings The differences in the immune profile and the cytokine concentrations in c-IVF and NC-IVF follicles support the hypothesis that conventional ovarian stimulation affects indirectly and heterogeneously the intrafollicular milieu, and thereby possibly affects the oocyte quality and the IVF outcome. However, further studies are needed to confirm our findings and to refine stimulation protocols in the context of optimizing the intrafollicular environment during oocyte maturation. Study funding/competing interest(s) The study was supported by a research grant from IBSA Institut Biochimique SA and MSD Merck Sharp & Dohme GmbH. The authors are clinically involved in low dose mono-follicular stimulation and IVF-therapies, using gonadotrophins from all gonadotrophins distributors on the Swiss market, including Institut Biochimique SA and MSD Merck Sharp & Dohme GmbH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kollmann
- University Women's Hospital, Division of Gynecologicyl Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Inselspital, University of Berne, Effingerstrasse, Berne, Switzerland
| | - S Schneider
- University Women's Hospital, Division of Gynecologicyl Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Inselspital, University of Berne, Effingerstrasse, Berne, Switzerland
| | - M Fux
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - N A Bersinger
- University Women's Hospital, Division of Gynecologicyl Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Inselspital, University of Berne, Effingerstrasse, Berne, Switzerland
| | - M von Wolff
- University Women's Hospital, Division of Gynecologicyl Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Inselspital, University of Berne, Effingerstrasse, Berne, Switzerland
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Chernyshov VP, Dons’koi BV, Sudoma IO, Goncharova YO. Multiple immune deviations predictive for IVF failure as possible markers for IVIG therapy. Immunol Lett 2016; 176:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Favorable immune phenotype predicts successful implantation and pregnancy. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:217-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Seshadri S, Sunkara SK. Natural killer cells in female infertility and recurrent miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2013; 20:429-38. [PMID: 24285824 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmt056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Embryo implantation is a complex process involving maternal hormonal changes, immune responses and maturational events in the embryo. A pregnancy could fail when these events are not synchronized. It is speculated that in women, an elevation of natural killer (NK) cells may have an effect on reproductive performance, and NK cell levels in blood are currently being used as a diagnostic test to guide the initiation of therapies in patients with infertility. METHODS We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the (i) levels of NK cells in blood and endometrium in infertile versus fertile women, (ii) association between NK cells and IVF outcome, (iii) levels of NK cells in blood and endometrium in women with recurrent miscarriage (RM) versus controls. The following electronic databases were searched: Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and National Research Register. RESULTS A total of 22 studies were included. Meta-analysis of studies that evaluated peripheral and uterine NK (uNK) cell percentages in infertile versus fertile women showed no significant difference between the two groups [standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.33; 95% confidence intervals (CI) -1.06, 0.4; P = 0.37; SMD -1.82; 95% CI -4.80, 1.17; P = 0.23 respectively]. Pooling of studies that reported peripheral NK cells as numbers showed significantly higher NK cell numbers in infertile women compared with fertile controls (SMD 3.16; 95% CI 1.07, 5.24; P = 0.003). Meta-analysis of studies that evaluated the role of NK cells in IVF outcome showed no significant difference in live birth rates in women with elevated NK cells or NK cell activity compared with women without elevated peripheral NK cells or NK cell activity (NK activity assessed using a cytotoxicity assay) (relative risk 0.57; 95% CI 0.06, 5.22; P = 0.62). Meta-analysis of studies that evaluated peripheral NK cell percentages in women with RM versus controls showed significantly higher NK cell percentages in women with RM (SMD 1.36; 95% CI 0.04, 2.69; P = 0.04). Meta-analysis of studies that evaluated peripheral NK cell numbers showed significantly higher NK cell numbers in women with RM compared with controls (SMD 0.81; 95% CI 0.47, 1.16; P < 0.00001). Meta-analysis of studies that evaluated uNK cells showed no significant difference in women with RM compared with controls (SMD 0.40; 95% CI -1.24, 2.04; P = 0.63). CONCLUSIONS Further research is needed before NK cell assessment can be recommended as a diagnostic tool in the context of female infertility or RM. There is no clear explanation as to why the results differ when data for NK cells are expressed as numbers or a percentage. On the basis of current evidence, NK cell analysis and immune therapy should be offered only in the context of clinical research.
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Christofolini DM, Cavalheiro CM, Teles JS, Lerner TG, Brandes A, Bianco B, Barbosa CP. Promoter -817C>T Variant of B Lymphocyte Stimulator Gene (BLyS) and Susceptibility to Endometriosis-Related Infertility and Idiopathic Infertility in Brazilian Population. Scand J Immunol 2011; 74:628-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tang AW, Alfirevic Z, Quenby S. Natural killer cells and pregnancy outcomes in women with recurrent miscarriage and infertility: a systematic review. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:1971-80. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Altered distribution of NK and NKT cells in follicular fluid is associated with IVF outcome. J Reprod Immunol 2009; 82:84-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gene expression in women conceiving spontaneously over the age of 45 years. Fertil Steril 2008; 89:1641-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Bedaiwy M, Shahin AY, AbulHassan AM, Goldberg JM, Sharma RK, Agarwal A, Falcone T. Differential expression of follicular fluid cytokines: relationship to subsequent pregnancy in IVF cycles. Reprod Biomed Online 2007; 15:321-5. [PMID: 17854532 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the role of cytokines in the peri-ovulatory follicular fluid (FF) during IVF cycles. FF from 112 women was obtained during oocyte retrieval for IVF. The concentrations of five cytokines [interleukin (IL)- 1beta, IL-6, IL-12, IL-13, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha )] were measured in FF and their concentrations compared among women who became pregnant and those who did not. Thirty-one endometriosis patients, 15 idiopathic infertility, 21 tubal factor infertility, 15 ovarian factor infertility, and 30 patients with male factor infertility were included. Interleukin-13 and TNFalpha were absent in the peri-ovulatory FF of all patients. Fifty-two patients achieved pregnancy, whereas 60 did not. Both pregnant and non-pregnant groups were comparable for age, parity, ovarian stimulation parameters, fertilization rates, and embryo freezing rates. Concentrations of FF IL-1beta were not significantly different between pregnant and non-pregnant cycles. Concentrations of FF IL-6 were significantly higher in pregnant compared with non-pregnant cycles (P = 0.0005). Concentrations of FF IL-12 were significantly lower in pregnant compared with non-pregnant cycles (P = 0.0002). Higher concentrations of IL-12 and lower concentrations of IL-6 in the peri-ovulatory FF are associated with a negative outcome in IVF treatment. Interleukins-12 and IL-6 are biological markers that appear to affect IVF outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bedaiwy
- Reproductive Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics-Gynaecology and Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1097/01.gco.0000169110.00376.bd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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