Intracanal cementosis following induced apical closure

Calcium hydroxide pastes: classification and clinical indications

REVIEW ARTICLE: Calcium hydroxide has been used in endodontology for many years. The aim of this paper is to review the various formulations of calcium hydroxide that have been described, with specific reference to the vehicle used to carry the compound. The requirements for a vehicle are described, and ex vivo and in vivo studies reviewed. Vehicles can be classified into aqueous, viscous and oily, the clinical properties of calcium hydroxide changing depending on the vehicle. The review also describes the use of various active components that have been added to calcium hydroxide, including antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. This review will help clinicians to make informed judgements about which formulations of calcium hydroxide should be used for specific endodontic procedures.

Apexification: case report

Apexification is a process/procedure well recognized and accepted by clinicians and researchers alike. Calcium hydroxide is most commonly used to induce an apical hard tissue barrier which may be composed of different tissues but its mechanism of action is still unknown. The epithelial cell rests of Malassez have been implicated in apexification although case reports exist which apparently dispute this. The following case report demonstrates an unusual case of apexification following root filling, surgery and retreatment where the role of the epithelial cell rests of Malassez is discussed.

Acute pulpal-alveolar cellulitis syndrome V. Apical closure of immature teeth by infection control: case report and a possible microbial-immunologic etiology. Part 1

Das with Matusow and Goodall previously noted the rapid clinical apexogenesis of nonvital immature permanent teeth that are involved with an acute endodontic cellulitis. This apexogenesis was achieved by control of infection and by nonspecific intracanal medication without the use of calcium hydroxide. The case report confirms the clinical observations. The experimental canine endodontic cellulitis in a Cebus primate was induced as an immunologic pulp infection with a facultative Streptococcus species. The noted epithelial proliferation and organization into lacelike strands and bilaminar loops, similar to Hertwig's epithelial root sheath in root development, appear to be immunologic and genetic in origin, with an acceleration of the root maturation process.