A child with partial trisomy 7 and 20 inherited from the mother

Syndrome of facial, oral, and digital anomalies due to 7q21.2-->q22.1 duplication

We report on an 18-year-old man with moderate mental retardation, multiple congenital anomalies and partial trisomy 7q21.2-->q22.1, as the unbalanced product of a familial balanced 7q/6q insertion translocation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of interstitial trisomy 7q21.2-->q22.1 reported. The syndrome is characterized by the presence of facial, oral, and digital anomalies: 1) macrocephaly with frontal bossing, hypertelorism, small palpebral fissures with downward slant; 2) lobulated tongue, multiple intrabuccal frenula, oligodontia and enamel hypoplasia; 3) cutaneous syndactyly of fingers II-III and III-IV, broad and short fingertips with fetal pads, broad thumbs, and halluces.

The cardiovascular abnormalities associated with duplicated segments of chromosome 7

Congenital heart disease is an integral part of many genetic syndromes such as the major trisomies 13, 18, and 21. Little information, however, is available with reference to the incidence of cardiac anomalies in the trisomy 7 syndromes. Two patients with partial trisomy 7q, one of whom had congenital heart disease, are presented. A review of the literature reveals incomplete description of the cardiovascular abnormalities in the majority of case reports of patients with this syndrome, however, when described it appears that there are no specific defects associated with trisomy 7p and 7q, but only an increased frequency of occurrence. Further clinical and postmortem data regarding details of the congenital heart defects associated with trisomy 7 is required to confirm this preliminary observation.

The phenotype of partial dup(7q) reconsidered: a report of five new cases

Five unrelated patients with partial trisomy 7q are described. In two of them the duplicated region was 7q21----qter and in the others 7q22----qter, 7q34----qter and 7q35----qter, respectively. Clinical features were compared with those reported in published cases. Karyotype-phenotype correlations showed a relationship between the size of the unbalanced region and the survival, and prenatal and postnatal growth. In contrast, the same proportionality was not demonstrated between the severity of dysmorphic features and the size of the duplicated region. However, cleft palate seemed associated rather characteristically with dup 7q22/31----qter.

Genetic markers on chromosome 7

Chromosome 7 is frequently associated with chromosome aberrations, rearrangements, and deletions. It also contains many important genes, gene families, and disease loci. This brief review attempts to summarise these and other interesting aspects of chromosome 7. With the rapid accumulation of cloned genes and polymorphic DNA fragments, this chromosome has become an excellent substrate for molecular genetic studies.

Duplication of 7q31.2----7qter and deficiency of 18qter: report of two patients and literature review

We describe two male patients with a 46,XY,-18,+der(18),t(7;18) (q31.2;q23)mat karyotype. Previously, 22 other patients with dup(7q) have been described, but only four of them had duplication of segment 7q31----7qter. The two patients in this study were ascertained independently and lived in different states. However, because of the rarity of this translocation, the patients were suspected to be related. The families were investigated extensively, and the patients were found to be third cousins once removed. Both patients had severe hypospadias, large fontanelles, cleft palate, and minor facial anomalies (square and prominent forehead, short, downslanting palpebral fissures, long eyelashes, long philtrum, short nose, thin vermilion border with downcurved upper lip). Their phenotypes were compared with those of previously described patients. One of the two patients described here is alive at 23 months and is the oldest known living patient with this chromosome abnormality. Apneic spells often are present and may be secondary to severe brain abnormalities, such as those identified in our two patients.

Partial trisomy for the long arm of chromosome 7. Case report and review

We reviewed partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 7 after a new case was brought to our attention. The clinical differences between the various types of trisomies 7q were evaluated by statistical analysis, and three groups were defined. These groups correspond to the segments q22 or q21 leads to q31, q31 leads to qter, and q32 leads to qter, and would seem to represent three different syndromes, of which one is more serious than the other two.