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Principles of the magnetic resonance imaging movie method for articulatory movement. Oral Radiol 2018; 35:91-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s11282-018-0347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ha S, Kuehn DP, Cohen M, Alperin N. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Levator Veli Palatini Muscle in Speakers with Repaired Cleft Palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2017; 44:494-505. [PMID: 17760495 DOI: 10.1597/06-220.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To obtain detailed anatomic and physiologic information on the levator veli palatini muscle from MRI in individuals with repaired cleft palate and to compare the results with those from normal subjects reported by Ettema et al. (2002). Design: Prospective study. Setting: University-based hospital. Participants: Four men (ages 22 to 43 years) with repaired cleft lip and palate. Main Outcome Measures: Four quantitative measurements of the levator veli palatini muscle from rest position and dynamic speech magnetic resonance images were obtained: the distance between the origins of the muscle, angle of origin of the muscle, muscle length, and muscle thickness. Results: The length and thickness of the levator veli palatini muscle varied among the subjects and were different from measurements obtained from normal subjects in a previous study. The distance between origin points, length, and thickness of the levator veli palatini muscle were smaller than those of the normal subjects. There were systematic changes of the levator veli palatini muscle, depending upon vowel and consonant types. Levator veli palatini muscle angle of origin and length became progressively smaller from rest, nasal consonants, low vowels, high vowels, and fricative consonants. These changes are consistent with those of the normal subjects. Conclusions: This study contributes to a better understanding of cleft palate anatomy in comparison with normal anatomy of the levator veli palatini muscle. The use of MRI shows promise as an important tool in the diagnosis and eventual aid to treatment decisions for individuals born with cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Ha
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
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A pilot study on characterization of articulatory movements during fricative /s/ sound in an anterior open-bite subject: A tooth-visualized 3-T magnetic resonance imaging video evaluation. J World Fed Orthod 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Nunthayanon K, Honda EI, Shimazaki K, Ohmori H, Inoue-Arai MS, Kurabayashi T, Ono T. Use of an advanced 3-T MRI movie to investigate articulation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 119:684-94. [PMID: 25956219 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) movie to reveal the dynamic movement of articulators and teeth. STUDY DESIGN Five healthy females with normal occlusion participated in this study. Various concentrations of MRI contrast media (ferric ammonium citrate [FAC]) were tested for visualization of teeth, according to facial markers and with the use of a gel. Custom-made circuitry was connected to synchronize pronunciation of fricative sounds (/asa/) with scans. Three gradient echo sequences (True fast imaging with steady state precession [true FISP], FISP, and fast low angle shot [FLASH]) with a segmented cine were tested with the use of repetition times (TRs) of 9 ms and 31.5 ms. The MRI movie images were superimposed over the boundaries of teeth. The images produced during pronunciation, using the two different TRs (9 ms and 31 ms), were compared to assess the position of the lips and the tongue. RESULTS Images obtained using the FLASH sequence, with a TR of 9 ms or 31.5 ms, can be used for diagnostic purposes. A TR of 9 ms, with 161 continuous images acquired, produced the highest-quality images of teeth, with few artifacts present. Pronunciation of the consonant "s" was clearly discernable. CONCLUSIONS Our 3-T MRI movie system, with a temporal resolution less than 9 ms, can provide detailed information pertaining to variations in speech or oropharyngeal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulthida Nunthayanon
- Graduate student, Graduate School, Orthodontic Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan; Lecturer, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
| | - Ei-ichi Honda
- Professor, Graduate School, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, University of Tokushima, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan; Lecturer, Graduate School, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shimazaki
- Assistant professor, Graduate School, Orthodontic Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ohmori
- Staff, Graduate School, Orthodontic Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Maristela Sayuri Inoue-Arai
- Lecturer, Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Tohru Kurabayashi
- Professor, Graduate School, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Professor, Graduate School, Orthodontic Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8549, Tokyo, Japan
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Scott AD, Wylezinska M, Birch MJ, Miquel ME. Speech MRI: morphology and function. Phys Med 2014; 30:604-18. [PMID: 24880679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an increasing role in the study of speech. This article reviews the MRI literature of anatomical imaging, imaging for acoustic modelling and dynamic imaging. It describes existing imaging techniques attempting to meet the challenges of imaging the upper airway during speech and examines the remaining hurdles and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Scott
- Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, United Kingdom; NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, The Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom
| | - Marzena Wylezinska
- Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, United Kingdom; Barts and The London NIHR CVBRU, London Chest Hospital, London E2 9JX, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm J Birch
- Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Marc E Miquel
- Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, United Kingdom; Barts and The London NIHR CVBRU, London Chest Hospital, London E2 9JX, United Kingdom.
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Scott AD, Boubertakh R, Birch MJ, Miquel ME. Towards clinical assessment of velopharyngeal closure using MRI: evaluation of real-time MRI sequences at 1.5 and 3 T. Br J Radiol 2012; 85:e1083-92. [PMID: 22806623 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/32938996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to demonstrate soft palate MRI at 1.5 and 3 T with high temporal resolution on clinical scanners. METHODS Six volunteers were imaged while speaking, using both four real-time steady-state free-precession (SSFP) sequences at 3 T and four balanced SSFP (bSSFP) at 1.5 T. Temporal resolution was 9-20 frames s(-1) (fps), spatial resolution 1.6 × 1.6 × 10.0-2.7 × 2.7 × 10.0 mm(3). Simultaneous audio was recorded. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), palate thickness and image quality score (1-4, non-diagnostic-excellent) were evaluated. RESULTS SNR was higher at 3 T than 1.5 T in the relaxed palate (nasal breathing position) and reduced in the elevated palate at 3 T, but not 1.5 T. Image quality was not significantly different between field strengths or sequences (p=NS). At 3 T, 40% acquisitions scored 2 and 56% scored 3. Most 1.5 T acquisitions scored 1 (19%) or 4 (46%). Image quality was more dependent on subject or field than sequence. SNR in static images was highest with 1.9 × 1.9 × 10.0 mm(3) resolution (10 fps) and measured palate thickness was similar (p=NS) to that at the highest resolution (1.6 × 1.6 × 10.0 mm(3)). SNR in intensity-time plots through the soft palate was highest with 2.7 × 2.7 × 10.0 mm(3) resolution (20 fps). CONCLUSIONS At 3 T, SSFP images are of a reliable quality, but 1.5 T bSSFP images are often better. For geometric measurements, temporal should be traded for spatial resolution (1.9 × 1.9 × 10.0 mm(3), 10 fps). For assessment of motion, temporal should be prioritised over spatial resolution (2.7 × 2.7 × 10.0 mm(3), 20 fps). Advances in knowledge Diagnostic quality real-time soft palate MRI is possible using clinical scanners and optimised protocols have been developed. 3 T SSFP imaging is reliable, but 1.5 T bSSFP often produces better images.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Scott
- Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
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Ng IW, Ono T, Inoue-Arai MS, Honda EI, Kurabayashi T, Moriyama K. Differential articulatory movements during Japanese /s/ and /t/ as revealed by MR image sequences with tooth visualization. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 57:749-59. [PMID: 22138260 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the spatio-temporal relationships between articulators in the anterior oral cavity, during the production of Japanese fricative and plosive articulation using our proposed method for tooth visualization in MR image sequences. DESIGN Ten healthy adults without malocclusion participated in the study. Customized maxillary and mandibular plates with space around the central incisors that was to be filled with MR-compatible contrast medium were made. During image-acquisition by a cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, the subjects repeated vowel-consonant-vowel syllables (/asa/ and /ata/) without wearing the plates. The subjects then wore the plates for tooth imaging. All data were acquired in the midsagittal plane. Tooth boundaries were superimposed using landmarks. Several parameters and spatio-temporal changes in the centre of gravity (CoG) of the tongue were measured. RESULTS During /t/, the duration and amount of tongue-to-palate/incisor contact were significantly greater and the radius of the inscribed circle between the tongue-maxillary incisor-mandibular incisor was significantly shorter than those during /s/. /t/ also had a more anteriorly located CoG of the tongue than /s/ during maximum constriction. The spatio-temporal changes in the CoG of the tongue were significantly different between /asa/ and /ata/. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that increased tongue-to-palate/incisor contact and greater anterior closure are necessary for the production of Japanese /t/ compared to /s/. With the use of this new method for tooth visualization in MR image sequences, it should be possible to evaluate the interaction of teeth and other articulators during speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inn Wo Ng
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Ng IW, Ono T, Inoue-Arai MS, Honda E, Kurabayashi T, Moriyama K. Application of MRI movie for observation of articulatory movement during a fricative /s/ and a plosive /t/. Angle Orthod 2011; 81:237-44. [PMID: 21208075 DOI: 10.2319/060210-301.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use an accurate method of tooth visualization in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) movie for the observation of spatio-temporal relationships among articulators. MATERIALS AND METHODS The subjects were two volunteers. Each subject repeated a vowel-consonant-vowel syllable (ie, /asa/; /ata/), and the run was measured using a gradient echo sequence. A custom-made clear retainer filled with the jelly form of ferric ammonium citrate was then fit onto the dental arch, and a T1-weighted turbo-spin-echo sequence was taken. Landmarks were used for superimposition of the incisor boundary onto sequential images of MRI movie. Tracings were conducted to observe the spatio-temporal relationships among articulators. RESULTS The incisor boundary was clearly visible in the magnetic resonance images. After superimposition, the contact distance of the tongue to palate/incisor was found to be longer during /t/-articulation than during /s/-articulation. There were prominent differences in images with and without tooth superimposition in the front oral cavity. CONCLUSIONS The method could distinctly extract a tooth boundary in MRI. Detailed configurational relationships between the tongue and tooth were observed during the production of a fricative and a plosive in MRI movie using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- I W Ng
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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Paine TL, Conway CA, Malandraki GA, Sutton BP. Simultaneous dynamic and functional MRI scanning (SimulScan) of natural swallows. Magn Reson Med 2011; 65:1247-52. [PMID: 21360741 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In studies of swallowing, dynamic and functional MRI are increasingly used to observe motor oropharyngeal behaviors and identify associated brain regions. However, monitoring of motor performance during a functional examination requires disruptive monitoring sensors, visual or auditory cued tasks, and strict subject compliance to stimuli. In this work, a simultaneous acquisition (SimulScan) was developed to provide dynamic images to monitor oropharyngeal motions during swallowing (1 mid-sagittal slice at 14.5 frames per second) simultaneous with functional MRI (24 oblique-axial slices with a TR of 1.6512 s). Data were acquired while three healthy adult subjects passively viewed a movie during three 15-min scans with the purpose of covertly studying uncued natural swallows. Dynamic MR images were used to determine timing of swallow onsets for subsequent functional analysis. Resulting functional maps show significant areas of activation that agree with previous functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of cued water swallows, except for regions associated with processing the task stimulus. SimulScan may prove a useful tool in developing new techniques for studying swallowing and associated neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Paine
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
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Sutton BP, Conway CA, Bae Y, Seethamraju R, Kuehn DP. Faster dynamic imaging of speech with field inhomogeneity corrected spiral fast low angle shot (FLASH) at 3 T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 32:1228-37. [PMID: 21031529 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of magnetic field inhomogeneity correction on achievable imaging speeds for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of articulating oropharyngeal structures during speech and to determine if sufficient acquisition speed is available for visualizing speech structures with real-time MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS We designed a spiral fast low angle shot (FLASH) sequence that combines several acquisition techniques with an advanced image reconstruction approach that includes magnetic field inhomogeneity correction. A simulation study was performed to examine the interaction between imaging speed, image quality, number of spiral shots, and field inhomogeneity correction. Six volunteer subjects were scanned to demonstrate adequate visualization of articulating structures during simple speech samples. RESULTS The simulation study confirmed that magnetic field inhomogeneity correction improves the available tradeoff between image quality and speed. Our optimized sequence co-acquires magnetic field maps for image correction and achieves a dynamic imaging rate of 21.4 frames per second, significantly faster than previous studies. Improved visualization of anatomical structures, such as the soft palate, was also seen from the field-corrected reconstructions in data acquired on volunteer subjects producing simple speech samples. CONCLUSION Adequate temporal resolution of articulating oropharyngeal structures during speech can be obtained by combining outer volume suppression, multishot spiral imaging, and magnetic field corrected image reconstruction. Correcting for the large, dynamic magnetic field variation in the oropharyngeal cavity improves image quality and allows for higher temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley P Sutton
- Bioengineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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Bae Y, Kuehn DP, Conway CA, Sutton BP. Real-time magnetic resonance imaging of velopharyngeal activities with simultaneous speech recordings. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2010; 48:695-707. [PMID: 21214321 DOI: 10.1597/09-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationships between acoustic and physiologic aspects of the velopharyngeal mechanism during acoustically nasalized segments of speech in normal individuals by combining fast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with simultaneous speech recordings and subsequent acoustic analyses. DESIGN Ten normal Caucasian adult individuals participated in the study. Midsagittal dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and simultaneous speech recordings were performed while participants were producing repetitions of two rate-controlled nonsense syllables including /zanaza/ and /zunuzu/. Acoustic features of nasalization represented as the peak amplitude and the bandwidth of the first resonant frequency (F1) were derived from speech at the rate of 30 sets per second. Physiologic information was based on velar and tongue positional changes measured from the dynamic MRI data, which were acquired at a rate of 21.4 images per second and resampled with a corresponding rate of 30 images per second. Each acoustic feature of nasalization was regressed on gender, vowel context, and velar and tongue positional variables. RESULTS Acoustic features of nasalization represented by F1 peak amplitude and bandwidth changes were significantly influenced by the vowel context surrounding the nasal consonant, velar elevated position, and tongue height at the tip. CONCLUSIONS Fast MRI combined with acoustic analysis was successfully applied to the investigation of acoustic-physiologic relationships of the velopharyngeal mechanism with the type of speech samples employed in the present study. Future applications are feasible to examine how anatomic and physiologic deviations of the velopharyngeal mechanism would be acoustically manifested in individuals with velopharyngeal incompetence.
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Motor coordination of articulators depends on the place of articulation. Behav Brain Res 2009; 199:307-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Revised: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sato-Wakabayashi M, Inoue-Arai MS, Ono T, Honda EI, Kurabayashi T, Moriyama K. Combined fMRI and MRI movie in the evaluation of articulation in subjects with and without cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2008; 45:309-14. [PMID: 18452364 DOI: 10.1597/07-070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to explore the application of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and MRI movies in the evaluation of articulatory function in subjects with and without cleft lip and palate (CLP). DESIGN The authors examined brain activation and the dynamic movement of articulators during bilabial and velar plosives using fMRI and MRI movies. SUBJECTS Two subjects, one with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and one with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), and 12 non-CLP volunteers. RESULTS Activation foci were found in the precentral gyrus, thalamus, and cerebellum in non-CLP volunteers. In comparison, similar regions were activated in the UCLP subject during both plosives, whereas the regions activated in the BCLP subject were different, particularly during the velar plosive. The dynamic movement of articulators in the UCLP subject was comparable to that in a non-CLP volunteer but different from that in the BCLP subject. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that these two MRI modalities may be a promising evaluation methodology for articulatory function in CLP from central and peripheral perspectives.
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