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Palmisano M, Bender S, Johnson AL. Intracranial medulloblastoma as the cause of progressive ataxia in a 6-month-old draft horse cross gelding. Vet Med (Auckl) 2022; 37:361-365. [PMID: 36433686 PMCID: PMC9889683 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe the unique clinical presentation of a central nervous system neoplasm in a 6-month-old draft horse cross gelding. Based on the neurologic examination at admission, neurolocalization was most consistent with a mildly asymmetric cervical, multifocal, or diffuse myelopathy. Mild vestibular involvement also was considered, but no cranial nerve deficits were observed. The gelding was negative for Sarcocystis neurona or Neospora hughesi based on paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples analyzed, with no evidence of cervical compression based on contrast myelography. The horse was euthanized because of progression of clinical signs. At necropsy, a mass was identified associated with the cerebellum, and histopathology was consistent with medulloblastoma, which has not been reported previously in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Palmisano
- Department of Clinical Studies ‐ New Bolton CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaKennett SquarePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Susan Bender
- Department of PathobiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania, Kennett SquarePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Amy L. Johnson
- Department of Clinical Studies ‐ New Bolton CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaKennett SquarePennsylvaniaUSA
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2
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Lampe R, Vieson MD, Hague D, Connell D, Foss K, Selting KA. Medulloblastoma in a 6 Year Old Mixed Breed Dog: Surgical Debulking and Chemotherapy. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:401. [PMID: 31799282 PMCID: PMC6874134 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A medulloblastoma was surgically debulked from a 6 year old American Staffordshire Terrier, who then received a modified lomustine (CCNU), vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisolone (LOPP) protocol. The dog improved significantly and continued to do well until deterioration and euthanasia 5 months following surgery. This is the first known published case report of surgical cytoreductive surgery of a medulloblastoma in a dog with documented response to surgery and chemotherapy. Medulloblastoma is a primitive neuroectodermal tumor that is the most common malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumor in children, though it is less common in adults. This case illustrates the value of considering human literature when creating treatment plans for uncommon brain tumors in veterinary patients. Medulloblastoma should be a differential for cerebellar tumors in young to middle aged dogs, and surgery and chemotherapy should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lampe
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Miranda D Vieson
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Devon Hague
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Dana Connell
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Kari Foss
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Kim A Selting
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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3
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Hsieh YH, Hsu YH, Lien CY, Liu CH, Li WT. Retroperitoneal extraosseous peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor in a Formosan serow: case report and literature review. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:883-888. [PMID: 31585511 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719879198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A 10-y-old female captive Formosan serow (Capricornis swinhoei) was inactive and was azotemic. An autopsy was performed following her death, and multiple irregularly shaped, white-to-gray masses of 0.5-2 cm diameter were noted on both ureters, the left adrenal gland, urinary bladder, and uterus. Microscopically, organs were effaced by a poorly demarcated, highly infiltrative neoplasm, composed of neoplastic round cells arranged in islands, sheets, or nests with occasional rosette formation. The neoplastic cells were small: ≤2 red blood cell (≤ 15 μm) diameter. The neoplastic cells were positive for CD56, CK, FLI-1, and NSE, but negative for desmin, GFAP, melan A, NF, PAX-8, S100, synaptophysin, and vimentin. Therefore, the diagnosis of retroperitoneal extraosseous peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) was made. pPNET with FLI-1 expression has not been reported previously in animals, to our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Hsieh, Liu, Li).,Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital and Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (Hsu).,Taipei Zoo, Taipei, Taiwan (Lien).,Fishhead Labs, Stuart, FL (Li)
| | - Yung-Hsiang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Hsieh, Liu, Li).,Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital and Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (Hsu).,Taipei Zoo, Taipei, Taiwan (Lien).,Fishhead Labs, Stuart, FL (Li)
| | - Chen-Yeh Lien
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Hsieh, Liu, Li).,Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital and Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (Hsu).,Taipei Zoo, Taipei, Taiwan (Lien).,Fishhead Labs, Stuart, FL (Li)
| | - Chen-Hsuan Liu
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Hsieh, Liu, Li).,Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital and Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (Hsu).,Taipei Zoo, Taipei, Taiwan (Lien).,Fishhead Labs, Stuart, FL (Li)
| | - Wen-Ta Li
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Hsieh, Liu, Li).,Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital and Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (Hsu).,Taipei Zoo, Taipei, Taiwan (Lien).,Fishhead Labs, Stuart, FL (Li)
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Francesio A, Durand A, Viora L, Orr J, Millins C, José‐López R. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a cerebellar medulloblastoma in a heifer. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:94-99. [PMID: 30656017 PMCID: PMC6332746 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports of medulloblastoma in cattle are scarce; however, this neoplasm should be included as a differential diagnosis in cases of cerebellar or central vestibular signs in young cattle. The MRI appearance of the medulloblastoma reported here, previously unreported in cattle, consisted of a T1-weighted hypointense and T2-weighted heterogeneously hyperintense intra-axial mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Francesio
- Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Alexane Durand
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Present address:
School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsin
| | - Lorenzo Viora
- Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Jayne Orr
- Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Caroline Millins
- Division of Pathology, Public Health and Disease InvestigationSchool of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Roberto José‐López
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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McHale B, Armién AG, Clarke LL, Rissi DR. Embryonal central nervous system tumor in the brain of a goose. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 31:385-389. [PMID: 30204056 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718799390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonal central nervous system (CNS) tumor is a rare malignant neoplasm that arises from the neural crest. Herein we describe an embryonal tumor in the brain of an adult male domestic goose ( Anser anser) that was euthanized after a short history of wandering and lethargy. Grossly, a focal, bright-red, soft plaque was present on the ventral aspect of the brain, extending from the optic chiasm to the midbrain, as well as into the dorsal neuroparenchyma. Histologically, the nodule consisted of a poorly demarcated population of neoplastic cells arranged in streams and bundles, and occasionally palisading around small capillaries (pseudorosettes). Neoplastic cells were elongate and had scant, finely granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm, and elongate nuclei with dense chromatin. Mitoses were uncommon. Scattered foci of intratumoral necrosis and microvascular proliferation were present. Neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for doublecortin and neuronal nuclei. Ultrastructurally, neoplastic cells had elongated-to-polyhedral cytoplasm with short processes, scarce intermediate filaments, and small round mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The cell membrane had varied numbers of intercellular anchoring-like junctions, and nuclei were round-to-elongate and had marginal aggregates of heterochromatin. Morphologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings in our case are consistent with a poorly differentiated embryonal tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany McHale
- Department of Pathology (McHale, Clarke, Rissi) and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi), University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA.,Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN (Armién)
| | - Anibal G Armién
- Department of Pathology (McHale, Clarke, Rissi) and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi), University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA.,Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN (Armién)
| | - Lorelei L Clarke
- Department of Pathology (McHale, Clarke, Rissi) and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi), University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA.,Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN (Armién)
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- Department of Pathology (McHale, Clarke, Rissi) and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Rissi), University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA.,Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN (Armién)
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7
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Abstract
A 3-yr-old female spayed grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) was evaluated for seizure activity along with lethargy, inappetence, dull mentation, and aggressive behavior. Magnetic resonance (MR) examination of the brain revealed a contrast-enhanced right cerebellar mass with multifocal smaller nodules located in the left cerebellum, thalamus, hippocampus, and cerebrum with resultant obstructive hydrocephalus. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed mild mononuclear pleocytosis, with differentials including inflammatory versus neoplastic processes. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid were also submitted for polymerase chain reaction and agar gel immunodiffusion to rule out infectious causes of meningitis/encephalitis. While awaiting these results, the bear was placed on steroid and antibiotic therapy. Over the next week, the bear deteriorated; she died 1 wk after MR. A complete postmortem examination, including immunohistochemisty, revealed the cerebellar mass to be a medulloblastoma. This is the only case report, to the authors' knowledge, describing a medulloblastoma in a grizzly bear.
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Bentley RT. Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of brain tumors in dogs. Vet J 2015; 205:204-16. [PMID: 25792181 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A great deal of information is now available regarding the range of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of many primary and secondary brain tumors from dogs. In this review, these canine neoplasms are grouped into meningeal masses, ventricular masses, intra-axial enhancing lesions, intra-axial mildly to non-enhancing lesions, and multifocal lesions. For each of these patterns, the major and sporadic neoplastic differential diagnoses are provided, and guidance on how to rank differential diagnoses for each individual patient is presented. The implication of MRI features such as contrast-enhancement, signal intensities and location is discussed. However, the information garnered from MRI must be correlated with all available clinical information and with epidemiological data before creating a differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Timothy Bentley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026, USA.
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Bentley RT, Ober CP, Anderson KL, Feeney DA, Naughton JF, Ohlfest JR, O'Sullivan MG, Miller MA, Constable PD, Pluhar GE. Canine intracranial gliomas: relationship between magnetic resonance imaging criteria and tumor type and grade. Vet J 2013; 198:463-71. [PMID: 24051197 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Limited information is available to assist in the ante-mortem prediction of tumor type and grade for dogs with primary brain tumors. The objective of the current study was to identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria related to the histopathological type and grade of gliomas in dogs. A convenience sample utilizing client-owned dogs (n=31) with gliomas was used. Medical records of dogs with intracranial lesions admitted to two veterinary referral hospitals were reviewed and cases with a complete brain MRI and definitive histopathological diagnosis were retrieved for analysis. Each MRI was independently interpreted by five investigators who were provided with standardized grading instructions and remained blinded to the histopathological diagnosis. Mild to no contrast enhancement, an absence of cystic structures (single or multiple), and a tumor location other than the thalamo-capsular region were independently associated with grade II tumors compared to higher grade tumors. In comparison to oligodendrogliomas, astrocytomas were independently associated with the presence of moderate to extensive peri-tumoral edema, a lack of ventricular distortion, and an isointense or hyper-intense T1W-signal. When clinical and MRI features indicate that a glioma is most likely, certain MRI criteria can be used to inform the level of suspicion for low tumor grade, particularly poor contrast enhancement. Information obtained from the MRI of such dogs can also assist in predicting an astrocytoma or an oligodendroglioma, but no single imaging characteristic allows for a particular tumor type to be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Bentley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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10
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Gliomatosis Cerebelli in a Saint Bernard Dog. J Comp Pathol 2012; 147:37-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hecht S, Adams WH. MRI of Brain Disease in Veterinary Patients Part 2: Acquired Brain Disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2010; 40:39-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Acer N, Sahin B, Usanmaz M, Tatoğlu H, Irmak Z. Comparison of point counting and planimetry methods for the assessment of cerebellar volume in human using magnetic resonance imaging: a stereological study. Surg Radiol Anat 2008; 30:335-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00276-008-0330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Kneissl S, Probst A. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FEATURES OF PRESUMED NORMAL HEAD AND NECK LYMPH NODES IN DOGS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2006; 47:538-41. [PMID: 17153061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2006.00182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To document the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of presumed normal lymph nodes of the head and neck in the dog, 91 studies of dogs with no detectable disease in the head acquired on a low-field unit were reviewed. If lymph nodes were imaged, symmetry, signal intensity, homogeneity, and size as well as the relation to the surrounding fat were noted. To improve the description of lymph node topography, we used corresponding E12 plastinated embedded sections of a dog. Compared with surrounding fat, lymph nodes were hypointense in T1 images. In T1-weighted images after intravenous contrast medium lymph nodes were isointense. In T2-weighted images, lymph nodes were slightly hypointense to surrounding fat. In T1 and T2 images, a hypointense band, created by the chemical shift artifact, could be seen at the lymph node-fat boundary along the frequency encoding gradient. In some dogs the lymph node hilus was characterized by vessels indenting the capsule of the lymph node. The facial vein is a consistent landmark to identify mandibular lymph nodes, and the mandibular salivary gland is a useful landmark to localize the medial pharyngeal lymph nodes. The parotid salivary gland or the external acoustic meatus were useful markers to identify the parotid lymph nodes, which were not consistently seen. In some dogs, nodules within the lymphoreticular tissue of the soft palate were seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Kneissl
- Department for Diagnostic Imaging, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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