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Ortiz-Placín C, Castillejo-Rufo A, Estarás M, González A. Membrane Lipid Derivatives: Roles of Arachidonic Acid and Its Metabolites in Pancreatic Physiology and Pathophysiology. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114316. [PMID: 37298790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important constituents of the cell membrane is arachidonic acid. Lipids forming part of the cellular membrane can be metabolized in a variety of cellular types of the body by a family of enzymes termed phospholipases: phospholipase A2, phospholipase C and phospholipase D. Phospholipase A2 is considered the most important enzyme type for the release of arachidonic acid. The latter is subsequently subjected to metabolization via different enzymes. Three enzymatic pathways, involving the enzymes cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450, transform the lipid derivative into several bioactive compounds. Arachidonic acid itself plays a role as an intracellular signaling molecule. Additionally, its derivatives play critical roles in cell physiology and, moreover, are involved in the development of disease. Its metabolites comprise, predominantly, prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. Their involvement in cellular responses leading to inflammation and/or cancer development is subject to intense study. This manuscript reviews the findings on the involvement of the membrane lipid derivative arachidonic acid and its metabolites in the development of pancreatitis, diabetes and/or pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cándido Ortiz-Placín
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Alba Castillejo-Rufo
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Matías Estarás
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Antonio González
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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Human milk oligosaccharides 3′-sialyllactose and 6′-sialyllactose protect intestine against necrotizing enterocolitis damage induced by hypoxia. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Tripathi S, Flobak Å, Chawla K, Baudot A, Bruland T, Thommesen L, Kuiper M, Lægreid A. The gastrin and cholecystokinin receptors mediated signaling network: a scaffold for data analysis and new hypotheses on regulatory mechanisms. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26205660 PMCID: PMC4513977 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-015-0181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The gastrointestinal peptide hormones cholecystokinin and gastrin exert their biological functions via cholecystokinin receptors CCK1R and CCK2R respectively. Gastrin, a central regulator of gastric acid secretion, is involved in growth and differentiation of gastric and colonic mucosa, and there is evidence that it is pro-carcinogenic. Cholecystokinin is implicated in digestion, appetite control and body weight regulation, and may play a role in several digestive disorders. Results We performed a detailed analysis of the literature reporting experimental evidence on signaling pathways triggered by CCK1R and CCK2R, in order to create a comprehensive map of gastrin and cholecystokinin-mediated intracellular signaling cascades. The resulting signaling map captures 413 reactions involving 530 molecular species, and incorporates the currently available knowledge into one integrated signaling network. The decomposition of the signaling map into sub-networks revealed 18 modules that represent higher-level structures of the signaling map. These modules allow a more compact mapping of intracellular signaling reactions to known cell behavioral outcomes such as proliferation, migration and apoptosis. The integration of large-scale protein-protein interaction data to this literature-based signaling map in combination with topological analyses allowed us to identify 70 proteins able to increase the compactness of the map. These proteins represent experimentally testable hypotheses for gaining new knowledge on gastrin- and cholecystokinin receptor signaling. The CCKR map is freely available both in a downloadable, machine-readable SBML-compatible format and as a web resource through PAYAO (http://sblab.celldesigner.org:18080/Payao11/bin/). Conclusion We have demonstrated how a literature-based CCKR signaling map together with its protein interaction extensions can be analyzed to generate new hypotheses on molecular mechanisms involved in gastrin- and cholecystokinin-mediated regulation of cellular processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12918-015-0181-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Tripathi
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7489, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Åsmund Flobak
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7489, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Konika Chawla
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Anaïs Baudot
- I2M, Marseilles Institute of Mathematics CNRS - AMU, Case 907, 13288, Marseille, Cedex 9, France.
| | - Torunn Bruland
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7489, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Liv Thommesen
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7489, Trondheim, Norway. .,Department of Technology, Sør-Trøndelag University College, N-7004, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Martin Kuiper
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Astrid Lægreid
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7489, Trondheim, Norway. .,Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7489, Trondheim, Norway.
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Heme oxygenase 1-generated carbon monoxide and biliverdin attenuate the course of experimental necrotizing pancreatitis. Pancreas 2013; 42:265-71. [PMID: 23000891 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e318264cc8b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is highly up-regulated in acute pancreatitis (AP). In this study, we tested its metabolites as potential therapeutic agents for AP in rats. METHODS Acute necrotizing pancreatitis was induced by retrograde intraductal injection of sodium taurocholate in rats. Biliverdin hydrochloride (BV HCl) (50 μmol/kg subcutaneously), the carbon monoxide, donor methylene chloride (MC) (500 mg/kg orally), or iron-chelating desferrioxamine (DFO) (125 mg/kg subcutaneously) were administered in a therapeutic manner starting with the first dose 4 hours after taurocholate injection to mimic the effects of HO-1 metabolites. RESULTS Administration of BV HCl, MC, or DFO showed significant reduction of inflammatory activity in comparison to controls leading to lower myeloperoxidase activity in the pancreas, less edema, lower ascites volumes, and preservation of tissue integrity (P < 0.05). Administration of either BV HCl or MC markedly increased 5-day survival rate (70% and 75% vs 40%; P < 0.05), whereas DFO had no significant effect on survival (60%). When given in therapeutic manner, all 3 substances led to diminished nuclear factor κB activity in the pancreas (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic use of BV HCl and MC led to marked reduction of mortality in experimental pancreatitis. Thus, HO-1 metabolites may present a novel therapeutic approach in AP treatment.
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Hegyi P, Rakonczay Z. The role of nitric oxide in the physiology and pathophysiology of the exocrine pancreas. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2723-41. [PMID: 21777142 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nitric oxide (NO), a ubiquitous gaseous signaling molecule, contributes to both pancreatic physiology and pathophysiology. RECENT ADVANCES The present review provides a general overview of NO synthesis, signaling, and function. Further, it specifically discusses NO metabolism and its effects in the exocrine pancreas and focuses on the role of NO in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. CRITICAL ISSUES Unfortunately, the role of NO in pancreatic physiology and pathophysiology remains controversial in numerous areas. Many questions regarding the messenger molecule still remain unanswered. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Probably the least is known about the downstream targets of NO, which need to be identified, especially at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Hegyi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Berna MJ, Tapia JA, Sancho V, Thill M, Pace A, Hoffmann KM, Gonzalez-Fernandez L, Jensen RT. Gastrointestinal growth factors and hormones have divergent effects on Akt activation. Cell Signal 2009; 21:622-38. [PMID: 19166928 PMCID: PMC2677382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Akt is a central regulator of apoptosis, cell growth and survival. Growth factors and some G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) regulate Akt. Whereas growth-factor activation of Akt has been extensively studied, the regulation of Akt by GPCR's, especially gastrointestinal hormones/neurotransmitters, remains unclear. To address this area, in this study the effects of GI growth factors and hormones/neurotransmitters were investigated in rat pancreatic acinar cells which are high responsive to these agents. Pancreatic acini expressed Akt and 5 of 7 known pancreatic growth-factors stimulate Akt phosphorylation (T308, S473) and translocation. These effects are mediated by p85 phosphorylation and activation of PI3K. GI hormones increasing intracellular cAMP had similar effects. However, GI-hormones/neurotransmitters [CCK, bombesin, carbachol] activating phospholipase C (PLC) inhibited basal and growth-factor-stimulated Akt activation. Detailed studies with CCK, which has both physiological and pathophysiological effects on pancreatic acinar cells at different concentrations, demonstrated CCK has a biphasic effect: at low concentrations (pM) stimulating Akt by a Src-dependent mechanism and at higher concentrations (nM) inhibited basal and stimulated Akt translocation, phosphorylation and activation, by de-phosphorylating p85 resulting in decreasing PI3K activity. This effect required activation of both limbs of the PLC-pathway and a protein tyrosine phosphatase, but was not mediated by p44/42 MAPK, Src or activation of a serine phosphatase. Akt inhibition by CCK was also found in vivo and in Panc-1 cancer cells where it inhibited serum-mediated rescue from apoptosis. These results demonstrate that GI growth factors as well as gastrointestinal hormones/neurotransmitters with different cellular basis of action can all regulate Akt phosphorylation in pancreatic acinar cells. This regulation is complex with phospholipase C agents such as CCK, because both stimulatory and inhibitory effects can be seen, which are mediated by different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J. Berna
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, USA
- Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Medizinische Klinik I, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jose A. Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres 10071, Spain
| | - Veronica Sancho
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, USA
| | - Michelle Thill
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Pace
- Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Medizinische Klinik I, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K. Martin Hoffmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 30, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Robert T. Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, USA
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Gutiérrez G, Mendoza C, Montaño LF, López-Marure R. Ceramide induces early and late apoptosis in human papilloma virus+ cervical cancer cells by inhibiting reactive oxygen species decay, diminishing the intracellular concentration of glutathione and increasing nuclear factor-kappaB translocation. Anticancer Drugs 2007; 18:149-59. [PMID: 17159601 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3280115111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide is regarded as an important cellular signal for the induction of cell death. We have previously shown that ceramide induces the death of cervical tumor cells without biochemical and morphological markers of apoptosis. The mechanisms by which ceramide induces cell death are not understood, therefore we evaluated the effect of C6-ceramide, a synthetic cell-permeable analog of endogenous ceramides, in signaling pathways involved in the oxidative stress of three cervical human papilloma virus cancer cell lines. Reactive oxygen species production was determined by fluorescent 2,7-dichlorofluorescein, nitrite concentration by the Griess reaction (as an indirect measure of nitric oxide production), mitochondrial membrane potential by staining with Rh123, reduced-glutathione concentration by high-pressure liquid chromatography, nuclear factor-kappaB translocation by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, inhibitory protein of nuclear factor-kappaB expression by Western blot and cell death by a poly-caspases fluorochrome-labeled inhibitors of caspases apoptosis assay. C6-ceramide induced early and late apoptosis, which was associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production, a loss in mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in nuclear factor-kappaB translocation, and a decrease in reduced glutathione concentration. C6-ceramide did not modify the expression of inhibitory protein of nuclear factor-kappaB and its antiproliferative effect was not abrogated by Bay 11-7082, an inhibitory protein of nuclear factor-kappaB kinase inhibitor. Our results suggest that oxidative stress might participate in the ceramide-induced damage to human papilloma virus cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Gutiérrez
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Colonia Sección 16, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Mexico DF, Mexico
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Chvanov M, Petersen OH, Tepikin A. Free radicals and the pancreatic acinar cells: role in physiology and pathology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2006; 360:2273-84. [PMID: 16321797 PMCID: PMC1569596 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2005.1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) play an important role in signal transduction and cell injury processes. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-the key enzyme producing nitric oxide (NO)-is found in neuronal structures, vascular endothelium and, possibly, in acinar and ductal epithelial cells in the pancreas. NO is known to regulate cell homeostasis, and its effects on the acinar cells are reviewed here. ROS are implicated in the early events within the acinar cells, leading to the development of acute pancreatitis. The available data on ROS/RNS involvement in the apoptotic and necrotic death of pancreatic acinar cells will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chvanov
- The University of Liverpool The Physiological Laboratory Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
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