Correlation of the experience of peer relational aggression victimization and depression among African American adolescent females

Cross-cultural validation of the Child Adolescent Teasing Scale for Colombian students

ABSTRACT Objective: to carry out the cross-cultural validation of the instrument “Child Adolescent Teasing Scale” for the Colombian student population. Method: methodological study carried out with students aged 8 to 15, from public and private educational institutions in the municipality of Ibagué, Colombia. The form for the characterization of students and the Child Adolescent Teasing Scale were used. Results: the cross-cultural adaptation process was organized in seven steps: comparison of the Spanish version of the instrument with the original English version, back-translation, consensus version, face validity and terminology adjustment by students, face and content validity by experts, assessment committee for the final version, pilot test and reliability. Conclusion: the version adapted to the Spanish spoken in Colombia of the Child Adolescent Teasing Scale (Escala de burlas para niños y adolescentes), which assesses the frequency and distress caused by teasing, showed desirable results in terms of validity and reliability.

Prevalence of and risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury in rural China: Results from a nationwide survey in China

BACKGROUND

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a highly prevalent and serious public health problem among adolescents worldwide. However, to date there were no studies assessing the prevalence of NSSI defined by suggested DSM-5 criteria among Chinese adolescents. We aimed to conduct a nationwide survey to explore the prevalence of and risk factors for NSSI among school-based adolescents in rural China.

METHODS

A total sample of 15,623 adolescents in rural China were enrolled by using a multistage sampling method. Data was collected by self-report questionnaires including demographic characteristics, neglect, maltreatment, loneliness, resilience, social support and emotional management ability. NSSI was defined by suggested DSM-5 criteria, according to which the engagement in self-injury took place more than 5 times a year. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between risk factors and NSSI.

RESULTS

There were 12.2% of adolescents (n = 1908) met the suggested DSM-5 criteria. Approximately 29% reported a history of NSSI at least once during the last year. Significant differences were found in several demographic factors including gender, ethnicity, grade, and family structure between adolescents with and without experiencing NSSI. The top three NSSI behaviors among adolescents with NSSI experience were hitting self, pinching, and pulling hair, with a prevalence rate of 16.7%, 14.1% and 11.2%, respectively. Female, Han ethnicity, fathers' education level, neglect, maltreatment, loneliness, social support, suicidal behaviors and emotional management ability were significantly associated with NSSI by multivariate analysis. No significant relationship was found between resilience and risk of NSSI.

LIMITATION

The DSM-5 has proposed 6 groups of criteria for NSSI, we only used criteria on frequency given its more accepted feasibility and pragmatic application. Consequently, it may different from other prevalence that estimated by other criteria.

CONCLUSION

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting prevalence of NSSI defined by suggested DSM-5 criteria among adolescent in rural China. In comparison to finding from the similar samples of adolescents, Chinese rural adolescents seem to have a relative higher prevalence. The potential risk factors for NSSI include female, father's education, Han ethnicity, psychosocial factors and suicide behaviors. More evidence for further understanding of context of the occurrence, improving access to health care utilization, and identifying the role of psychosocial factors and family relationship, is needed for the prevention and management of NSSI.

BULLYING O INTIMIDACIÓN ESCOLAR: APORTES DESDE LA EVIDENCIA DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN ENFERMERÍA

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar aspectos teóricos y metodológicos relevantes desde la evidencia científica en enfermería relacionada con la intimidación escolar. Metodo: revisión integrativa de la literatura de estudios de enfermería en ocho bases de datos: PubMed, MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, Ovid nursing, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Redalyc y Embase, con las palabras clave: bullying, nursing, child school bullying, peer aggression, adolescent y límite de tiempo entre 2004 a 2016. Se encontraron 30 estudios de los cuales se eligieron 19 estudios que cumplieron los criterios de selección. El análisis se desarrolló en seis etapas: búsqueda de estudios, selección, crítica de estudios cualitativos y cuantitativos, comparación de hallazgos/agrupación por temas, interpretación, conclusiones por niveles de evidencia de enfermería. Resultados: se identificaron cuatro temas prevalentes: consecuencias en la salud, causas, intervenciones de enfermería y afrontamiento. El principal aporte en la temática desde la evidencia de investigación en enfermería permitio identificar desarrollos investigativos tanto en el paradigma cualitativo y cuantitativo, diferentes abordajes metodológicos en los niveles de evidencia VII, VI, V, IV, III. Conclusiones: se requieren políticas de salud que intervengan em la prevención del fenómeno, conocer las causas y consecuencias relacionadas, además deben diseñarse estrategias de identificación de los escolares en riesgo para evitar consecuencias en su salud, igualmente generar estudios de intervención y apoyar los procesos de afrontamiento en escolares que reciben burla o son intimidados.

Association of aggression and non-suicidal self injury: a school-based sample of adolescents

PURPOSE

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescent has drawn increasing attention because it is associated with subsequent depression, drug abuse, anxiety disorders, and suicide. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in a school-based sample of Chinese adolescents and to explore the association between aggression and NSSI.

METHODS

This study was part of a nationwide study on aggression among adolescents in urban areas of China. A sample of 2907 school students including 1436 boys and 1471 girls were randomly selected in Guangdong Province, with their age ranging from 10 to 18 years old. NSSI, aggression, emotional management and other factors were measured by self-administrated questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the association between aggression and NSSI, after adjustment for participants' emotional management, and other potential confounding variables.

RESULTS

The one year self-reported prevalence of NSSI was 33.6%. Of them, 21.7% engaged in 'minor NSSI', 11.9% in 'moderate/severe NSSI'. 96.9% of self-injuries engaged in one to five different types of NSSI in the past year. Hostility, verbal and indirect aggression was significantly associated with self-reported NSSI after adjusting for other potential factors both in 'minor NSSI' and 'moderate/severe NSSI'. Hostility, verbal and indirect aggression was significantly associated with greater risk of 'minor NSSI' and 'moderate/severe NSSI' in those who had poor emotional management ability.

CONCLUSION

These findings highlight a high prevalence of NSSI and indicate the importance of hostility, verbal and indirect aggression as potentially risk factor for NSSI among Chinese adolescents.

Associations among depressive symptoms, dating violence, and relationship power in urban, adolescent girls

OBJECTIVE

To explore the associations among dating violence (DV), aggression, relationship power, and depressive symptoms.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional survey secondary analysis.

SETTING

An urban, school based health center, October, 2009 through May, 2009.

PARTICIPANTS

Low income, adolescent girls (n = 155), ages 14-18.

METHODS

Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted to illustrate patterns and associations among variables. Key variables included depressive symptoms, DV victimization and aggression, and relationship power. We used mediation analyses to determine the direct and indirect effects among variables.

RESULTS

Both DV victimization and aggression were reported frequently. Furthermore, DV victimization had a significant direct effect on depression and an indirect effect through relationship power. Depressive symptoms and relationship power were associated with DV aggression. Although relationship power did have a significant inverse effect on depressive symptoms, it was not through DV aggression.

CONCLUSIONS

Complex associations remain between mental health and DV; however, relationship power partially accounts for DV victimization's effect on depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms are associated with DV victimization and aggression; therefore, nurses should address relationship power in clinical and community interventions.

Examining the Coping Response to Peer Relational Aggression Victimization

Purpose. Relational aggression, rumor spreading, backstabbing, and social isolation, is psychologically damaging for adolescent girls. The purpose of this study was to provide an explanation of victimization response after experiencing peer relational aggression victimization. Methods. Grounded theory techniques were used to gain an understanding of the victimization experience and the coping responses used. Findings. A theory of coping after experiencing peer relational aggression victimization was generated. Girls voiced feelings of hurt and anger after the experience and expressed the following ways of coping as a result: distancing from others, retaliation against the aggressor, discussing their feelings with friends and family, writing their feelings down, and/or confronting the aggressor. Clinical Implications. Nurses should be aware of the phenomenon and asses, for incidences of relational aggression victimization so that they may provide strategies to assist the adolescent and her family with positive coping mechanisms in order to prevent maladaptive responses.