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Bonser CAR, Tamez C, White JC, Astete CE, Sabliov CM, Davis JA. Field applications of zein as a precise nanoscale delivery system for methoxyfenozide. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2023; 23:8. [PMID: 36960889 PMCID: PMC10037269 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
When insecticides are applied in the environment, much of the product does not reach the target pest. Biopolymeric nanoparticles as nanocarriers have the potential to improve insecticide efficacy by improving absorption, coverage, and permeability while protecting the insecticide active ingredient from abiotic conditions and extending efficacy through controlled release. We conducted a series of experiments using a biopolymeric nanoparticle synthesized from zein, a biodegradable maize protein, to compare efficacy of a nanodelivered hydrophobic insect growth regulator (methoxyfenozide) against a commercial formulation. Positively charged zein nanoparticles (empty and loaded with methoxyfenozide) were compared to the formulated product, Intrepid 2F, as a foliar spray in-field on soybean. Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) was used as a model and was fed sprayed soybean leaves to evaluate efficacy of the tested foliar products over time. A separate set of leaves was sampled to measure residue levels of methoxyfenozide (MFZ) over time following foliar application using QuEChERS extraction and high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Regression analysis found no differences in mortality slopes between positively charged zein nanoparticles loaded with methoxyfenozide [(+)ZNP(MFZ)] and Intrepid 2F, suggesting comparable efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles to a commercial product. Higher concentrations of MFZ were present in (+)ZNP(MFZ)-treated in leaf tissue at 3 d following spray when compared to Intrepid 2F. The multiyear study results demonstrate that nanoparticles loaded with MFZ are comparable to Intrepid 2F under field conditions, with potential short-term benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Tamez
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - J C White
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - C E Astete
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, LSU Agricultural Center, 149 E. B. Doran Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - C M Sabliov
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, LSU Agricultural Center, 149 E. B. Doran Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - J A Davis
- Department of Entomology, LSU Agricultural Center, 404 Life Science Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Bonser CAR, Astete CE, Sabliov CM, Davis JA. Life History of Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Positively Charged Zein Nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:763-771. [PMID: 35727137 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Research indicates that nanoparticles can be an effective agricultural pest management tool, though unintended effects on the insect must be evaluated before their use in agroecosystems. Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) was used as a model to evaluate chronic parental and generational exposure to empty, positively charged zein nanoparticles ((+)ZNP) and methoxyfenozide-loaded zein nanoparticles (+)ZNP(MFZ) at low-lethal concentrations. To determine concentration limits, an acute toxic response test on meridic diet evaluated (+)ZNP(MFZ) and technical grade methoxyfenozide using two diet assay techniques. No differences in acute toxicity were observed between the two treatments within their respective bioassays. With these results, population dynamics following chronic exposure to low-lethal concentrations were evaluated. Parental lifetables evaluated cohorts of C. includens reared on diet treated with LC5 equivalents of (+)ZNP, (+)ZNP(MFZ), or technical grade methoxyfenozide. Compared to technical grade methoxyfenozide, (+)ZNP(MFZ) lowered both the net reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of increase, and was more deleterious to C. includens throughout its lifespan. This was contrasted to (+)ZNP, which showed no differences in population dynamics when compared with the control. To evaluate chronic exposure to (+)ZNP, generational lifetables reared cohorts of C. includens on LC5 equivalent values of (+)ZNP and then took the resulting offspring to be reared on either (+)ZNP or untreated diet. No differences in lifetable statistics were observed between the two treatments, suggesting that (+)ZNP at low ppm do not induce toxic generational effects. This study provides evidence into the effects of nanodelivered methoxyfenozide and the generational impact of (+)ZNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin A R Bonser
- Department of Entomology, LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Carlos E Astete
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Cristina M Sabliov
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Davis
- Department of Entomology, LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Li P, Yang Z, Wang X. Design, Synthesis, and Insecticidal Activity of Novel Diacylhydrazine Derivatives Containing an Isoxazole Carboxamide or a Pyridine Carboxamide Moiety. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang Z, Ma Y, Ma X, Hu H, Wang D, Song X, Ren X, Ma Y. Combined Transcriptomic Analysis and RNA Interference Reveal the Effects of Methoxyfenozide on Ecdysone Signaling Pathway of Spodoptera exigua. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169080. [PMID: 34445782 PMCID: PMC8396458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Spodoptera exigua is a worldwide pest afflicting edible vegetables and has developed varying levels of resistance to insecticides. Methoxyfenozide (MET), an ecdysteroid agonist, is effective against lepidopteran pests such as S. exigua. However, the mechanism of MET to S. exigua remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns of genes related to the ecdysone signaling pathway in transcriptome data treated with sublethal doses of MET and analyzed how expression levels of key genes affect the toxicity of MET on S. exigua. Our results demonstrated that 2639 genes were up-regulated and 2512 genes were down-regulated in S. exigua treated with LC30 of MET. Of these, 15 genes were involved in the ecdysone signaling pathway. qPCR results demonstrated that ecdysone receptor A (EcRA) expression levels significantly increased in S. exigua when treated with different doses of MET, and that the RNAi-mediated silencing of EcRA significantly increased mortality to 55.43% at 72 h when L3 S. exigua larvae were exposed to MET at the LC30 dose. Additionally, knocking down EcRA suppressed the most genes expressed in the ecdysone signaling pathway. The combination of MET and dsEcRA affected the expression of E74 and enhanced the expression of TREA. These results demonstrate that the adverse effects of sublethal MET disturb the ecdysone signaling pathway in S. exigua, and EcRA is closely related to MET toxic effect. This study increases our collective understanding of the mechanisms of MET in insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.Z.); (X.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (Y.M.); (H.H.); (D.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Yajie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (Y.M.); (H.H.); (D.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.Z.); (X.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (Y.M.); (H.H.); (D.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Hongyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (Y.M.); (H.H.); (D.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (Y.M.); (H.H.); (D.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Xianpeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (Y.M.); (H.H.); (D.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiangliang Ren
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.Z.); (X.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (Y.M.); (H.H.); (D.W.); (X.S.)
- Correspondence: (X.R.); or (Y.M.)
| | - Yan Ma
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.Z.); (X.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (Y.M.); (H.H.); (D.W.); (X.S.)
- Correspondence: (X.R.); or (Y.M.)
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Tang T, Hu F, Wang P, Fu W, Liu X. Broflanilide effectively controls Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua exhibiting diverse susceptibilities to chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1262-1272. [PMID: 33063419 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), and the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), are two major polyphagous lepidopteran pests of cultivated crops. They develop various levels of resistance to many frequently applied broad-spectrum insecticides. Here, the larval susceptibilities of a laboratory population and six field-collected populations per pest from Hunan Province, China to three insecticides were determined using a standard leaf-dipping method in the laboratory. Field-plot trials were conducted to verify the control efficacies of broflanilide 100 g L-1 suspension concentrate (SC), chlorantraniliprole 5% SC and emamectin benzoate 5.7% water-dispersible granule, against H. armigera and S. exigua larvae using foliar sprays in 2013 and 2019. RESULTS Variations among H. armigera and S. exigua field populations in their susceptibility levels to the three insecticides were observed in Linli, Yueyang and Changsha counties from 2013 to 2019. They were still high susceptibility to broflanilide only, but developed low and/or moderate levels of resistance to chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate. In addition, broflanilide at 25 g ha-1 provided an excellent control efficacy of 81.92% to 96.46% against these pests during the 3-14-days period after treatment in both years, whereas chlorantraniliprole at 50 g ha-1 and emamectin benzoate at 4.5 g ha-1 exhibited significantly decreased efficacies, which were consistent with their corresponding toxicity levels. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that broflanilide should be an important new tool for the effective control of diamide- and avermectin-resistant H. armigera and S. exigua. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Changsha Ecology and Environment Monitoring Center, Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xueyuan Liu
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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Chen Y, Liu X, Dong F, Xu J, Wu X, Zheng Y. Characterization of the fate and distribution of methoxyfenozide in a water-plant-fish-sediment microcosm using a multimedia fugacity model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142482. [PMID: 33011597 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methoxyfenozide is widely employed in paddy land and can flow out into the aquatic environment. The present study combines two approaches, namely, an aquatic microcosm simulation experiment and a multimedia fugacity model, to study the fate and distribution of methoxyfenozide in an aquatic microcosm containing water, sediment, aquatic plants, and zebrafish. The model results indicated that the simulated concentrations agreed with the observed values within one order of magnitude. The degradation rate was less than 7.0% in the three types of aquatic microcosms at 740 h in the model. Methoxyfenozide exhibited very high persistence in the aquatic microcosm. Water played a key role in the fate of methoxyfenozide, acting as a sink in the simulated aquatic environment, followed by sediment. Only approximately 2% of methoxyfenozide entered the organisms (zebrafish and Egeria densa Planch). Methoxyfenozide underwent a significant transport process between the water and sediment. The applications of multimedia fugacity models are useful for understanding the behaviors, fate, and transport of pesticides after their release into the environment and to facilitate risk assessment and management activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Sun H, Zhou L, Zhang X, Luo F, Yang M, Wang X, Lou Z, Chen Z. Residue dissipation and dietary exposure risk assessment of methoxyfenozide in cauliflower and tea via modified QuEChERS using UPLC/MS/MS. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:2358-2363. [PMID: 31802504 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methoxyfenozide possesses efficacy against a variety of lepidopteron pests, including the major pests in cauliflower and tea, so it is of great importance to generalize the practical use of methoxyfenozide in the field. RESULTS An efficient method was developed and validated in both vegetable matrix and extract-rich matrix (cauliflower and tea) using modified QuEChERS combined with UPLC/MS/MS analysis. The recoveries in cauliflower, made tea and tea shoots ranged from 94.5 to 108.0%, from 85.0 to 91.6% and from 77.3 to 82.0% respectively, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 17.3% in all cases. The field results showed that methoxyfenozide dissipated in cauliflower with half-life (t1/2 ) at 2.5-3.5 days and in tea with t1/2 at 1.2 days. Combining the above experimental data and statistical food intake values, the risk quotient (RQ) values were significantly lower than 1. CONCLUSION The quantification method of methoxyfenozide in cauliflower or tea has not been established until this study. The dissipation and dietary exposure risk assessment of methoxyfenozide in cauliflower and tea were investigated in the field. Methoxyfenozide dissipated rapidly in cauliflower despite different climates, and it dissipated faster in tea. The dietary risk of methoxyfenozide through cauliflower or tea was negligible to humans. This study not only provides guidance for the safe use of methoxyfenozide but also serves as a reference for the establishment of maximum residue limits (MRLs) in China. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhi Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengjian Luo
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyun Lou
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - ZongMao Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Morales SI, Martínez AM, Figueroa JI, Campos-García J, Gómez-Tagle A, Lobit P, Smagghe G, Pineda S. Foliar persistence and residual activity of four insecticides of different mode of action on the predator Engytatus varians (Hemiptera: Miridae). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:76-83. [PMID: 31255768 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the degradation kinetics of spinosad, flufenoxuron, dimethoate and imidacloprid in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) foliage and their residual toxicity on Engytatus varians (Distant) (Hemiptera: Miridae), a predator of the tomato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Sulcer) (Hemiptera: Triozidae). Insecticides were sprayed at 100% and 50% of their maximum field-registered concentrations (MFRC). Starting 6 h after spraying, leaf samples were taken every 10 d for 40 d and analyzed while E. varians adults were exposed to treated leaves to evaluate residual toxicity. Immediately after application at 100% MFRC, the residue concentrations were 73.34 μg g-1 spinosyn A and 59.2 μg g-1 spinosyn D, 9.21 μg g-1 flufenoxuron, 71.49 μg g-1 dimethoate and 31.74 μg g-1 imidacloprid. At 50% MFRC, initial residue concentrations were between 75% and 90% those at 100% MFRC. The estimated half-life (DT50) of spinosyns A and D, flufenoxuron, and dimethoate was between 34 and 40 d, while that of imidacloprid was 112 d. Flufenoxuron caused no mortality, while mortality due to spinosad was less than 10%, and only during the first 10 d. Mortality caused by either imidacloprid or dimethoate was around 100% up to 10 d after application, then decreased to around 30% after 40 d. Dimethoate toxicity was approximately proportional to residue concentration, while for imidacloprid there was an apparent threshold around 15 μg g-1. These results can be used to establish periods harmless for release of E. varians in the control of B. cockerelli on tomato crops under greenhouse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinue I Morales
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Km. 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, 58880, Tarímbaro, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Ana M Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Km. 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, 58880, Tarímbaro, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - José I Figueroa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Km. 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, 58880, Tarímbaro, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Campos-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Edif. B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Alberto Gómez-Tagle
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Naturales. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. San Juanito Itzícuaro S/N Col. Nueva Esperanza, 58330, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Philippe Lobit
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Km. 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, 58880, Tarímbaro, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
| | - Samuel Pineda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Km. 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, 58880, Tarímbaro, Michoacán, Mexico.
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Design, synthesis, and insecticidal activity of some novel diacylhydrazine and acylhydrazone derivatives. Molecules 2015; 20:5625-37. [PMID: 25830791 PMCID: PMC6272438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20045625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study a series of diacylhydrazine and acylhydrazone derivatives were designed and synthesized according to the method of active group combination and the principles of aromatic group bioisosterism. The structures of the novel derivatives were determined on the basis on 1H-NMR, IR and ESI-MS spectral data. All of the compounds were evaluated for their in vivo insecticidal activity against the third instar larvae of Spodopteraexigua Hiibner, Helicoverpaarmigera Hubner, Plutellaxyllostella Linnaeus and Pierisrapae Linne, respectively, at a concentration of 10 mg/L. The results showed that all of the derivatives displayed high insecticidal activity. Most of the compounds presented higher insecticidal activity against S. exigua than the reference compounds tebufenozide, metaflumizone and tolfenpyrad, and approximately identical insecticidal activity against H.armigera, P.xyllostella and P.rapae as the references metaflumizone and tolfenpyrad.
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