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AlAwadhi Z, Abraham D, Oswal N, Kasem M. A rare cause of ischemic heart failure in a neonate. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2022; 15:297-299. [PMID: 36589653 PMCID: PMC9802627 DOI: 10.4103/apc.apc_87_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present a case of ischemic heart failure that occurred immediately after birth in a neonate due to coronary artery fistula (CAF) from the left main coronary artery to the left atrial appendage associated with high pulmonary artery pressure. Ischemic heart failure in a neonate with a structurally normal heart is rare. Furthermore, CAF resulting in ischemic heart failure is very rare in neonates. We believe that the small CAF caused symptoms during the first few days of life due to moderate pulmonary hypertension which resulted in a low cardiac output. The coronary perfusion improved after the normalization of the pulmonary blood pressure and improvement of the cardiac output. Echocardiography is helpful when a CAF is suspected and can be confirmed using a cardiac computed tomography scan. Small CAFs are unlikely to cause symptoms in infants, provided there are no other factors affecting the cardiac output status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab AlAwadhi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Al Jalila Children's Hospital, Dubai, UAE
| | - Deepu Abraham
- Department of Neonatology, Zulekha Hospital, Dubai, UAE
| | - Nilesh Oswal
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Zulekha Hospital, Dubai, UAE
| | - Mohamed Kasem
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Al Jalila Children's Hospital, Dubai, UAE
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Yoon SA, Hong WH, Cho HJ. Congenital heart disease diagnosed with echocardiogram in newborns with asymptomatic cardiac murmurs: a systematic review. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:322. [PMID: 32605548 PMCID: PMC7325562 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 50% of newborns with congenital heart disease (CHD) are unrecognized at birth; however, the use of echocardiogram (Echo) for diagnosing CHD in newborns with asymptomatic, non-syndromic cardiac murmurs (ANCM), has not been systematically reviewed yet. We aimed to identify the incidence of CHD diagnosed with Echo and systematically review whether Echo should be recommended in this patient group. METHODS The methodology utilized in this systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework. Using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases, we performed a systematic review of publications reporting CHD diagnosed with Echo in newborns with cardiac murmurs. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Study Quality Assessment Tools developed by the National Institutes of Health. RESULTS Of the 630 studies screened, six cohort studies, four cross-sectional studies, and two case reports were included in this review. The incidence of cardiac murmurs ranged from 0.6-8.6%. Among the 1928 newborns with ANCM, 719 (37.3%) were diagnosed with Echo as having CHD, and ventricular septal defect was the most common congenital malformation. More than 50% of the newborns showed moderate CHD necessitating outpatient cardiology follow-up, and 2.5% had severe CHD requiring immediate interventions, such as cardiac catheterization and heart surgery. CONCLUSIONS In this systematic review, a high incidence of CHD in newborns with ANCM was detected using Echo. This indicates that the use of Echo for diagnosing CHD in healthy newborns with cardiac murmurs could be helpful in earlier detection of CHD, thereby improving clinical outcomes for newborns with severe CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ae Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, (28644) 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do South Korea
| | - Woi Hyun Hong
- College of Medicine, Medical Research Information Center, Chungbuk National University, (28644) 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do South Korea
| | - Hwa Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, (47392) 75 Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, South Korea
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Abstract
We present two patients, one 10 years old and another 43 years old, who both had successful transcatheter closure of left main coronary artery to right atrium fistulas. The older patient had a larger fistula as well as more symptoms and a complicated post-procedure course. Closure of medium or large coronary artery fistulas should be considered at younger ages to minimise future complications.
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Imaging of coronary artery fistulas by multidetector CT angiography using third generation dual source CT scanner. Clin Imaging 2019; 53:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Agarwal PP, Dennie C, Pena E, Nguyen E, LaBounty T, Yang B, Patel S. Anomalous Coronary Arteries That Need Intervention: Review of Pre- and Postoperative Imaging Appearances. Radiographics 2017; 37:740-757. [PMID: 28388272 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2017160124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery anomalies constitute a diverse group of abnormalities, ranging from anatomic variants to those having hemodynamic consequences. This review focuses on major anomalies that have clinical implications requiring treatment, including anomalous origin of the coronary artery from the opposite sinus with interarterial course specifically with an intramural course, coronary artery origin from the pulmonary artery, and coronary artery fistula. Comprehensive imaging evaluation is necessary to precisely delineate the anatomy as well as pathophysiologic aspects of the anomaly before determining treatment options for a specific patient. Coronary computed tomographic angiography provides elegant depiction of coronary arterial anatomy and the relationship of the vessel to the adjacent structures, with the ability to perform three-dimensional reconstructions. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is emerging as an alternative noninvasive imaging strategy, particularly in young individuals, due to the lack of ionizing radiation and avoidance of iodinated contrast agents. This review describes the roles and recent technical advancements in computed tomography and MR imaging pertinent to coronary artery imaging. Additionally, this article will familiarize readers with the cross-sectional imaging appearance of clinically relevant coronary anomalies, hemodynamic considerations, and complex decision making. The different management strategies used for these anomalies, such as coronary unroofing, reimplantation, bypass grafting, Takeuchi repair, and surgical and interventional closure of fistulas, as well as specific posttreatment complications, are also discussed. ©RSNA, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi P Agarwal
- From the Department of Radiology (P.P.A., S.P.), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.L.), and Department of Cardiac Surgery (B.Y.), University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont, Canada (C.D., E.P.); and Department of Radiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (E.N.)
| | - Carole Dennie
- From the Department of Radiology (P.P.A., S.P.), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.L.), and Department of Cardiac Surgery (B.Y.), University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont, Canada (C.D., E.P.); and Department of Radiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (E.N.)
| | - Elena Pena
- From the Department of Radiology (P.P.A., S.P.), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.L.), and Department of Cardiac Surgery (B.Y.), University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont, Canada (C.D., E.P.); and Department of Radiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (E.N.)
| | - Elsie Nguyen
- From the Department of Radiology (P.P.A., S.P.), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.L.), and Department of Cardiac Surgery (B.Y.), University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont, Canada (C.D., E.P.); and Department of Radiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (E.N.)
| | - Troy LaBounty
- From the Department of Radiology (P.P.A., S.P.), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.L.), and Department of Cardiac Surgery (B.Y.), University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont, Canada (C.D., E.P.); and Department of Radiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (E.N.)
| | - Bo Yang
- From the Department of Radiology (P.P.A., S.P.), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.L.), and Department of Cardiac Surgery (B.Y.), University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont, Canada (C.D., E.P.); and Department of Radiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (E.N.)
| | - Smita Patel
- From the Department of Radiology (P.P.A., S.P.), Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.L.), and Department of Cardiac Surgery (B.Y.), University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont, Canada (C.D., E.P.); and Department of Radiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (E.N.)
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Zhu F, Zheng Z, Yao L, Mou Y, Cheng Y, Gao H. Isolated right ventricular hypoplasia caused by giant aneurysm of right coronary artery to left ventricle fistula in an adult: a case report. J Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 11:93. [PMID: 27377631 PMCID: PMC4932758 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-016-0494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Right ventricular hypoplasia (RVH) is often caused by tricuspid valve atresia and pulmonary valve atresia. this condition leads to low right ventricular blood volume and right ventricular maldevelopment. But, in adults, the main cause of RVH may also be associated with alloplasia of the right coronary artery, which results in an insufficient blood supply to the right ventricular myocardium. Isolated RVH caused by a right coronary artery fistula is very rare and requires immediate treatment. Case presentation We herein report a case involving a 45-year-old man who presented with isolated RVH caused by a giant aneurysm from the right coronary artery to a left ventricle fistula. Echocardiography showed that the right coronary artery was extremely tortuous and obviously dilated with a huge aneurysm. A fistula drained from the right coronary artery into the left ventricle. Moreover, the right heart chamber was significantly collapsed due to extrinsic compression of multiple tortuous, dilated vascular structures. The patient was referred to cardiac surgery. The giant aneurysm was resected, and the proximal and distal openings were closed directly. The fistula was also closed directly, and bypasses were constructed sequentially from the ascending aorta to three branches of the right coronary artery. Conclusions Although standard therapeutic strategies of isolated RVH secondary to a right coronary artery fistula are not well established because of the rarity of this condition, our clinical results show that diagnostic echocardiography, coronary artery angiography, and cardiac computed tomography angiography followed by surgical treatment may be an effective management option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawang Zhu
- Echocardiography and Vascular Ultrasound Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhelan Zheng
- Echocardiography and Vascular Ultrasound Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Echocardiography and Vascular Ultrasound Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Mou
- Echocardiography and Vascular Ultrasound Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yan Cheng
- Echocardiography and Vascular Ultrasound Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanhuan Gao
- Echocardiography and Vascular Ultrasound Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
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Wen B, Yang J, Jiao Z, Fu G, Zhao W. Right coronary artery fistula misdiagnosed as right atrial cardiac myxoma: A case report. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3715-3718. [PMID: 27284376 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study describes a case of right coronary artery fistula (CAF) misdiagnosed as right atrial myxoma (RAM). A 33-year-old man presented with a 13-year history of intermittent chest pain, and aggravation for 3 days. Echocardiography revealed an occupying lesion in the right atrium producing a partial dynamic tricuspid obstruction. The initial diagnosis was RAM, which causes partial right ventricular inflow tract obstruction. During cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, a giant mass was detected in the anterior wall of the right ventricle and an abnormal vascular fistula was observed at the bottom of the mass. Successful excision of the mass and closure of the fistula completely relieved the patient's presenting symptoms. The disease was subsequently diagnosed as right CAF draining to the myocardial void. The surgical management and misdiagnosis of the case are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Junya Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhouyang Jiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Wenzeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries, although uncommon, have the potential to cause serious myocardial damage, ischaemic cardiomyopathy, and sudden cardiac death. This article summarises aspects of care for these patients in the outpatient setting, including clinical history and physical examination findings, ancillary testing, decision-making regarding the need for surgical intervention, and recommendations for physical activity. Although there are limited data regarding some of these recommendations, it is hoped that these can be used as an initial benchmark against which further data will lead to a more evidence-based approach.
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Lo MH, Lin IC, Hsieh KS, Huang CF, Chien SJ, Kuo HC, Liang CD, Lin YJ. Mid- to long-term follow-up of pediatric patients with coronary artery fistula. J Formos Med Assoc 2015; 115:571-6. [PMID: 26138373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To investigate mid- to long-term outcomes in children with coronary artery fistula (CAF). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients seen between September 1996 and August 2011. We enrolled those diagnosed with CAF via echocardiography (Philips SONOS 7500 system and Philips IE33) or angiography. The mean follow time was 42.58 ± 3.4 months (range, 1-166 months). For comparative purposes, participants were grouped as acquired versus congenital, and symptomatic versus asymptomatic. We also measured the size of the coronary artery (CA) in patients with CA dilatation (CAD). RESULTS Out of 122 CAF patients, spontaneous closure was detected in 37 patients at 21.59 ± 3.45 months after diagnosis. This timeframe did not differ between the acquired and congenital groups (21.64 ± 6.26 months vs. 21.57 ± 4.15 months; p = 0.991). Ninety patients were asymptomatic and remained so; their spontaneous closure rate was 28.89%. Moreover, 24 patients had CAD, including 17 with Kawasaki disease and seven with congenital CAF. The CAs of all congenital-CAF-plus-CAD patients were initially > 5 mm; these patients underwent percutaneous transcatheter intervention, and their CA sizes decreased significantly (6.11 ± 0.79 mm vs. 3.76 ± 0.36 mm; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION With the advanced sensitivity of echocardiography, CAF can be detected more easily than ever before. Most patients with small CAFs are asymptomatic and may experience spontaneous closure. Therefore, management of CAF depends on symptoms; if patients are asymptomatic and have small CAFs, intervention may not be necessary, especially in acquired cases. However, if patients present with symptoms or persistent dilatation of the proximal CA, surgical or percutaneous closure should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Hung Lo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Sheng Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fu Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ju Chien
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Di Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jui Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Po JRF, Halpern DG, Tabaksblat M, Agarwal V, Uretsky S. Coronary artery aneurysm and fistula with left ventricular drainage. Can J Cardiol 2014; 29:1743.e5-6. [PMID: 24404615 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Yilmazer MM, Demir F, Yolbaş İ, Bilici M. Spontaneous Closure of a Symptomatic Coronary Artery Fistula Just within a Few Days of Newborn Period. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2013; 9:E27-30. [DOI: 10.1111/chd.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Muhtar Yilmazer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology; Dicle University Medical Faculty; Diyarbakır Turkey
| | - Fikri Demir
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology; Diyarbakır Teaching and Research Hospital; Diyarbakır Turkey
| | - İlyas Yolbaş
- Department of Pediatrics; Dicle University Medical Faculty; Diyarbakır Turkey
| | - Meki Bilici
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology; Dicle University Medical Faculty; Diyarbakır Turkey
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