1
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Torres R, Giovanella C, Sessums K. Type I and type IV dermoid sinus with associated cervical spina bifida in a Labrador Retriever mixed breed dog. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1319. [PMID: 37965842 PMCID: PMC10789649 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A 6-month-old female Labrador Retriever mix rescued by a local shelter developed respiratory distress and later became tetraplegic. After transferring to a specialty centre, diagnostic imaging (CT and MRI) revealed spina bifida at C3 and dermoid sinuses at the level of C3 and T1. Surgery was performed to remove the dermoid sinuses. The dog was placed on broad-spectrum antibiotics and a tapering anti-inflammatory dose of prednisone, postoperatively. Independent ambulation was regained within 14 days with no recurrence of neurologic clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Torres
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMississippi State University College of Veterinary MedicineMississippi StateMississippiUSA
| | - Carley Giovanella
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryGulf Coast Veterinary SpecialistsHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Kara Sessums
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryGulf Coast Veterinary SpecialistsHoustonTexasUSA
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2
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Marc S, Savici J, Sicoe B, Boldura OM, Paul C, Otavă G. Exencephaly-Anencephaly Sequence Associated with Maxillary Brachygnathia, Spinal Defects, and Palatoschisis in a Male Domestic Cat. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3882. [PMID: 38136919 PMCID: PMC10741185 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anencephaly, a severe neural tube defect characterized by the absence of major parts of the brain and skull, is a rare congenital disorder that has been observed in various species, including cats. Considering the uncommon appearance of anencephaly, this paper aims to present anencephaly in a stillborn male kitten from an accidental inbreeding using various paraclinical methods. Histological examination of tissue samples from the cranial region, where parts of the skull were absent, revealed the presence of atypical nerve tissue with neurons and glial cells organized in clusters, surrounded by an extracellular matrix and with an abundance of blood vessels, which are large, dilated, and filled with blood, not characteristic of nerve tissue structure. In CT scans, the caudal part of the frontal bone, the fronto-temporal limits, and the parietal bone were observed to be missing. CT also revealed that the dorsal tubercle of the atlas, the dorsal neural arch, and the spinal process of the C2-C7 bones were missing. In conclusion, the kitten was affected by multiple congenital malformations, a combination of exencephaly-anencephaly, maxillary brachygnathism, closed cranial spina bifida at the level of cervical vertebrae, kyphoscoliosis, palatoschisis, and partial intestinal atresia. The importance of employing imaging techniques cannot be overstated when it comes to the accurate diagnosis of neural tube defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Marc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (S.M.); (J.S.); (B.S.); (O.M.B.); (G.O.)
| | - Jelena Savici
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (S.M.); (J.S.); (B.S.); (O.M.B.); (G.O.)
| | - Bogdan Sicoe
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (S.M.); (J.S.); (B.S.); (O.M.B.); (G.O.)
| | - Oana Maria Boldura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (S.M.); (J.S.); (B.S.); (O.M.B.); (G.O.)
| | - Cristina Paul
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering of Organic and Natural Compounds, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timisoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gabriel Otavă
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (S.M.); (J.S.); (B.S.); (O.M.B.); (G.O.)
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3
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Chen Y, Su D, Sun X, Gui W. Open spina bifida characterisation in a dog foetus. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2452-2457. [PMID: 37705413 PMCID: PMC10650236 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Open spina bifida is an uncommon malformation in animals, and there is a lack of imaging, clinical, and pathological characterisation of this condition in dogs. OBJECTIVE Open spina bifida is rarely observed in animals due to high levels of perinatal mortality and frequent euthanasia. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case of spina bifida in a dog was diagnosed in-utero and then followed post-partum. METHODS A 3-year-old Poodle was presented with twin pregnancy. Radiographic and ultrasonographic findings were suggestive of vertebral malformation and open spina bifida with myelomeningocele in one foetus. Conservative treatment was given but the puppy died 3 days after birth. Thereafter, anatomical and histopathological analysis of several organs was performed to characterise the disease. RESULTS When the twins were born, one puppy had a linear dorsal midline cutaneous defect extending from the level of vertebrae L2-L6. R Radiographic examination showed several congenital vertebral malformations involving the thoracic segment, lumbar segment, sacrum and scapula. Histopathological examinations confirmed the presence of open spina bifida and identified additional abnormalities in several internal organs. CONCLUSIONS This case presents a complete characterisation of open spina bifida, before birth and after death, using imaging and histopathology techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Chengdu Bio‐HT Company LimitedChengduSichuanChina
| | - Dan Su
- Chengdu Bio‐HT Company LimitedChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xiaorong Sun
- Chengdu Bio‐HT Company LimitedChengduSichuanChina
| | - Wenjuan Gui
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanNingxiaChina
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4
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SATO R, SONODA M, MATSUO R, TAKADA R, KANDA I, SATOH H, FUKE N, YAMADA K, HIRAI T. Surgical management of a dermoid cyst with mandibular gland tissue in a Japanese Black calf. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1110-1115. [PMID: 37648457 PMCID: PMC10600543 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A 131-day-old male Japanese Black calf presented with a swollen right cheek from birth. Imaging examination revealed a cyst under the right buccal area and debris-containing fluid inside the cyst, and puncture aspiration revealed a mildly cloudy fluid containing hair and tissue fragments. Histological examination of the excised cyst revealed stratified squamous epithelium with skin appendages in the cyst wall, which was diagnosed as a dermoid cyst. In addition, some submandibular gland tissue was found within the cyst wall. After removal of the cyst, there was swelling in the same area, which resolved with steroid administration. Surgical treatment of buccal dermoid cysts should be performed with caution to avoid damage to adjacent salivary gland tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiichiro SATO
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine,
University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki,
Japan
| | - Misaki SONODA
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki,
Japan
| | - Ringo MATSUO
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki,
Japan
| | - Ren TAKADA
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki,
Japan
| | - Isamu KANDA
- Miyazaki Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Miyazaki,
Japan
| | - Hiroyuki SATOH
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine,
University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki,
Japan
| | - Naoyuki FUKE
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki,
Japan
| | - Kazutaka YAMADA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa,
Japan
| | - Takuya HIRAI
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine,
University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki,
Japan
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5
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Manzanedo‐Delgado A, Mielke B, Sánchez‐Masián D. Multiple sacro‐coccygeal dermoid sinuses on a Thai Ridgeback. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Mielke
- Hamilton Specialist Referrals High Wycombe UK
| | - Daniel Sánchez‐Masián
- Hamilton Specialist Referrals High Wycombe UK
- Daniel Sánchez‐Masián, Hospital de Referencia Veterios Madrid Spain
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6
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Takahashi K, Kimura S, Chambers JK, Nakano Y, Ishikawa T, Maeda S, Kamishina H. Case Report: Surgical Treatment of Type IV Spinal Dermoid Sinus in a Shiba Inu. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:849025. [PMID: 35400090 PMCID: PMC8985408 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.849025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2-year-old spayed female Shiba Inu was presented with progressive non-ambulatory bilateral paraparesis, back pain, and urinary incontinence. CT and MRI revealed multiple vertebral malformations and type IV dermoid sinus. Hemilaminectomy was performed in T1–T5 to remove the dermoid sinus and granulomatous lesion that infiltrated into the spinal cord parenchyma. Histopathological examination of the excised tissue revealed type IV dermoid sinus with granulomatous meningomyelitis. After surgery, back pain was resolved, and the dog recovered ambulation and voluntary urination at the time of follow-up 4 months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Takahashi
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kimura
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- The Animal Medical Center of Gifu University, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - James K. Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- The Animal Medical Center of Gifu University, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Sadatoshi Maeda
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- The Animal Medical Center of Gifu University, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kamishina
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- The Animal Medical Center of Gifu University, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hiroaki Kamishina
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7
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Prevalence and segregation analysis of dermoid sinus in Rhodesian Ridgebacks. Vet J 2022; 280:105803. [PMID: 35150843 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhodesian Ridgebacks a characteristic dorsal hair ridge with backward-growing hair. Dermoid sinus was reported as a prevalent congenital condition in ridged dogs and as a sporadic finding in other dog breeds. This condition presents as a tubular skin indentation to variable degree into underlying tissues on the dorsal midline or cranial or caudal to the ridge. In the present study, data from 12,700 puppies born to 1622 litters from Rhodesian Ridgebacks in 2001-2019 in Germany were analysed for the prevalence of dermoid sinus and ridgless animals. Data from litters with dogs segregating for dermoid sinus were used to test compatibility with an autosomal recessive Mendelian trait. Overall prevalence of dermoid sinus in 12,700 puppies was 2.53%. In 1269 litters with only ridged animals, prevalence was 2.81%. In 46 litters, segregation of ridgeless dogs was observed, and two ridgeless animals had dermoid sinus. The overall trend for dermoid sinus prevalence significantly decreased by -0.099% per birth year, whereas a significant trend for ridgelessness was not found. A more complex genetic determination for dermoid sinus seems likely, due to the insufficient fit of a monogenic autosomal recessive model of inheritance and a heritability estimate of 0.78 ± 0.11. Genetic correlation with ridgelessness was -0.11. In conclusion, our data revealed a decreasing trend for the prevalence of dermoid sinus and a complex genetic basis for this condition. The ridge locus was unlikely to determine the expression of dermoid sinus, given the low segregation ratio for dermoid sinus in a population selected for the ridge allele.
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8
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Lopez-Jimenez C, Morrissey AM, Groth A, de la Puerta B, Lee KCL, Lamb CR. Use of CT sinography in 27 dogs and one cat. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 63:142-146. [PMID: 33939184 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical findings, imaging findings and outcome in patients in which CT sinography was performed, and assess to what degree this technique adds information about the extent of a tract or increases the accuracy of diagnosis of foreign bodies on CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective review of medical records of 27 dogs and one cat with draining tracts that had CT sinography. Pre- and post-intravenous (IV) contrast CT series were compared with CT sinography in each patient. RESULTS Median duration of clinical signs before referral was 85 days (range 2 to 1478 days). The most common reported clinical signs were swelling (14/28, 50%) and regional pain (5/28, 18%). CT sinography revealed a more extensive tract than post-IV contrast CT in 21% cases. On post-IV contrast CT, 31% of foreign bodies were detected compared to 23% on CT sinography. All four foreign bodies detected by CT were observed in the non-contrast images. Surgery was performed after CT in 22 (79%) cases. Thirteen (46%) draining tracts resolved after surgery, three (11%) resolved without surgery, six (21%) persisted or recurred after surgery, and six (21%) were lost to follow-up. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE CT sinography provides limited additional information about the extent of draining tracts compared to pre- and post-IV contrast CT images and did not increase the number of foreign bodies identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lopez-Jimenez
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, The Friesian Buildings 3 & 4, The Brewerstreet Dairy Business Park, Brewer Street, Bletchingley, RH1 4QP, UK
| | - A M Morrissey
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - A Groth
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, The Friesian Buildings 3 & 4, The Brewerstreet Dairy Business Park, Brewer Street, Bletchingley, RH1 4QP, UK
| | - B de la Puerta
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, The Friesian Buildings 3 & 4, The Brewerstreet Dairy Business Park, Brewer Street, Bletchingley, RH1 4QP, UK
| | - K C L Lee
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - C R Lamb
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, The Friesian Buildings 3 & 4, The Brewerstreet Dairy Business Park, Brewer Street, Bletchingley, RH1 4QP, UK
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9
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Zarzycki A, Thomas ZM, Mazrier H. Comparison of inherited neural tube defects in companion animals and livestock. Birth Defects Res 2020; 113:319-348. [PMID: 33615733 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are congenital malformations resulting from the improper or incomplete closure of the neural tube during embryonic development. A number of similar malformations of the protective coverings surrounding the central nervous system are also often included under this umbrella term, which may not strictly fit this definition. A range of NTD phenotypes exist and have been reported in humans and a wide range of domestic and livestock species. In the veterinary literature, these include cases of anencephaly, encephalocele, dermoid sinus, spina bifida, and craniorachischisis. While environmental factors have a role, genetic predisposition may account for a significant part of the risk of NTDs in these animal cases. Studies of laboratory model species (fish, birds, amphibians, and rodents) have been instrumental in improving our understanding of the neurulation process. In mice, over 200 genes that may be involved in this process have been identified and variant phenotypes investigated. Like laboratory mouse models, domestic animals and livestock species display a wide range of NTD phenotypes. They remain, however, a largely underutilized population and could complement already established laboratory models. Here we review reports of NTDs in companion animals and livestock, and compare these to other animal species and human cases. We aim to highlight the potential of nonlaboratory animal models for mutation discovery as well as general insights into the mechanisms of neurulation and the development of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zarzycki
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zoe M Thomas
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hamutal Mazrier
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Blondel M, Deprey J, Moissonnier P. Type IV dermoid sinus, intramedullary dermoid cyst and spina bifida in a Cane Corso. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 62:810-815. [PMID: 33025601 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A 1-year-old male Cane Corso was presented for progressive hindlimb neurologic deficits, with a history of suspected recurrent meningitis. Physical examination and advanced diagnostic imaging findings were suggestive of a thoracic dermoid sinus extending into the dura mater, and spina bifida. After initial medical treatment, the lesion was surgically excised, and the presence of an intramedullary cyst in continuation with the dermoid sinus was confirmed, requiring partial durectomy and myelotomy for removal. Histopathological examination of the excised tissue confirmed the diagnosis of a dermoid sinus associated with an intramedullary dermoid cyst. After surgery, the dog temporarily declined neurologically but then showed progressive neurological improvement. This report describes presentation and successful surgical treatment of a type IVa dermoid sinus associated with an intramedullary dermoid cyst and spina bifida in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Blondel
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, VetAgro Sup, Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - J Deprey
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, VetAgro Sup, Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - P Moissonnier
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, VetAgro Sup, Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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Butterfield S, Garcia-Gonzalez B, Driver CJ, Rusbridge C. Limited dorsal myeloschisis in three cats: a distinctive form of neural tube defect. JFMS Open Rep 2020; 6:2055116920924307. [PMID: 32655875 PMCID: PMC7328493 DOI: 10.1177/2055116920924307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Case series summary The aim of this case series was to describe the clinical presentation,
imaging findings and histopathology of three cats with limited dorsal
myeloschisis (LDM). The history, examination and MRI sequences were reviewed
in three cases presented to a single referral hospital. The surgery report
and histopathology were described in two cases. All cats were young (10
weeks old, 5 months old, 4 years old), presenting with varying degrees of
progressive paraparesis. All had a midline skin defect overlying the spinal
column that was either sunken or saccular, containing fluid thought to be
cerebrospinal fluid. MRI sequences demonstrated tissue extending from the
dura through an overlying bifid spinous process and attached to the dermis,
with associated spinal cord tethering, atrophy and syringomyelia. Lesions
were located at L2–L3, T8–T9 and L4. Histopathology described a fibroneural
stalk with a glio-ependymal lining, surrounded by glial nests and nerve
fibres. The youngest and most severely affected was euthanased, while the
other two underwent surgery. Both regained independent ambulation with
persistent paraparesis; however, one required ongoing management of urinary
incontinence. Relevance and novel information LDM is a primary neural tube defect that may result in neurological deficits,
including bladder dysfunction, and is characterised by a fibroneural stalk
between the dermis and the spinal cord. Distinct MRI features, such as a
visible intrathecal tract, dorsally tethered cord and syringomyelia, help
distinguish this condition from the clinically similar dermoid sinus. The
presence of progressive neurological signs, with a palpable midline defect
overlying the affected spinal cord segment, may raise suspicion for this
clinical entity in veterinary patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Colin J Driver
- Fitzpatrick Referrals Orthopaedics and Neurology, Eashing, UK
| | - Clare Rusbridge
- Fitzpatrick Referrals Orthopaedics and Neurology, Eashing, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Vet School Main Building (VSM), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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12
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Thomas ZM, Podadera JM, Donahoe SL, Foo T, Weerakoon L, Mazrier H. Neural tube defects in four Shetland sheepdog puppies: clinical characterisation and computed tomography investigation. Aust Vet J 2020; 98:312-318. [PMID: 32319083 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, we report on the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in four related Shetland sheepdog puppies. NTDs present as a range of congenital malformations affecting the spine, skull and associated structures. Despite the severity of these malformations and their relatively high prevalence in humans, the aetiology is not well understood. It is even less well characterised in veterinary medicine. CASE REPORT Affected puppies were investigated using computed tomography (CT) and then necropsy. CT identified a range of brain and spine abnormalities in the affected animals, including caudal anencephaly, encephalocele, spina bifida and malformed vertebrae. Other observed abnormalities in these puppies, including cranioschisis, atresia ani and hydrocephalus, may be secondary to, or associated with, the primary NTDs identified. CONCLUSION This case report describes multiple related cases of NTDs in an Australian cohort of dogs. This study also highlights the potential of advanced imaging techniques in identifying congenital anomalies in stillborn and neonatal puppies. Further research is required to investigate the aetiology of NTDs in this group of affected Shetland sheepdogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Thomas
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J M Podadera
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S L Donahoe
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tsy Foo
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L Weerakoon
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H Mazrier
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Martín Muñiz L, Del Magno S, Gandini G, Pisoni L, Menchetti M, Foglia A, Ródenas S. Surgical outcomes of six bulldogs with spinal lumbosacral meningomyelocele or meningocele. Vet Surg 2019; 49:200-206. [PMID: 31758707 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the surgical treatment and outcome of six bulldogs with spina bifida (SB) and meningocele (MC) or meningomyelocele (MMC). STUDY DESIGN Case series. ANIMALS Five French bulldogs and one English bulldog with MC or MMC. METHODS Medical records of dogs with spinal MC or MMC diagnosed by MRI at two institutions between 2013 and 2016 were reviewed for surgical treatment and outcomes. RESULTS Meningocele was diagnosed in two dogs, and MMC was diagnosed in four dogs. A lumbosacral dimple was noted in all dogs along with neurological deficits most commonly consisting of urinary and fecal incontinence (n = 6) and mild/moderate paraparesis (n = 3). Dorsal laminectomy was performed in all dogs to allow dissection of the meningeal sac to the vertebral column defect. In dogs with MMC, nerves were repositioned and protruded meninges were removed prior to suturing remaining meninges. Adhesions and filum terminale were resected in two dogs with suspected tethered cord syndrome. Urinary and fecal incontinence improved in two dogs and remained unchanged in four. Paraparesis improved in two dogs. CONCLUSION Surgical treatment resulted in partial improvement of the urinary and fecal incontinence (2/6 dogs) and paraparesis (2/3 dogs) or stable neurological condition (3/6 dogs), with only minor temporary complications. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In the absence of published data comparing surgical and conservative treatment of puppies affected by SB and MC or MMC, early surgical treatment can be considered to prevent deterioration of neurological signs and, eventually, facilitate improvement of neurological signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martín Muñiz
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sara Del Magno
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Gualtiero Gandini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Luciano Pisoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Marika Menchetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Armando Foglia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
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Musso C, Bismuth C, Cauzinille L. Thoracic meningomyelocele associated with spina bifida in a Malinois dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Jones S, Adin C, Thompson E, Robertson I, Rivas R. Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis and Characterization of Dermoid Sinuses in Two Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2019; 55:e55403. [PMID: 31099609 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 6 mo old male castrated bloodhound-Rhodesian ridgeback mix (case 1) presented for a mass suspected to be a dermoid sinus in the thoracolumbar region, and a 2.5 yr old male castrated Rhodesian ridgeback (case 2) presented for a mass suspected to be a dorsal cervical dermoid sinus. Both dogs underwent single-phase contrast computed tomography (CT) to characterize the extent of the dermoid sinus prior to surgical excision. Soft tissue and bony abnormalities of the vertebral spine associated with the dermoid sinuses were confirmed in both dogs prior to surgery, demonstrating communication with the dura of the spinal cord. Surgical exploration and excision of the dermoid sinus was performed in each dog, including partial laminectomy. Both cases had resolution of the sinus and an uncomplicated recovery. These cases show that single-phase contrast CT was accurate in characterizing the extent of the dermoid sinus without adjunctive tests or more invasive diagnostics. Single-phase contrast CT should be considered as a preoperative method to characterize the extent of dermoid sinuses, avoiding the risks associated with myelography or fistulography and the expense of MRI. This is also the first report of a dermoid sinus in the thoracolumbar region and the first in a bloodhound and Rhodesian ridgeback mix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Jones
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Christopher Adin
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth Thompson
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Ian Robertson
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Rudy Rivas
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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16
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Kopke MA, Jack MW, Baltzer WI, Wightman PF, Gal A. Dermoid sinus type VI associated with spina bifida and tethered cord syndrome in a French Bulldog. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:294-297. [PMID: 30734666 PMCID: PMC6838840 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719827626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-mo-old French bulldog was presented with acute onset pain and reluctance to move. A tubular structure arising in the dorsal thoracic midline and extending from a cutaneous orifice into deeper tissues was palpated on physical examination. Computed tomography with sinography revealed a dermoid sinus associated with spina bifida at the level of T3-T4. On surgical exploration, the dermoid sinus was found to communicate with the dura. Histology confirmed the diagnosis and classification as a type VI dermoid sinus. The pain response and hyperesthesia were suspected to be the result of tethered cord syndrome. Complete resolution of clinical signs was appreciated post-surgery, with the patient still free of clinical signs 3 mo later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Kopke
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey
University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Malcolm W. Jack
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey
University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wendy I. Baltzer
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey
University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Paul F. Wightman
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey
University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Arnon Gal
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey
University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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17
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Brady S, Bell E, Courtman N, Chevoir ML. Nasal dermoid cyst with intracranial extension in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2019; 5:2055116919827404. [PMID: 30792875 PMCID: PMC6376515 DOI: 10.1177/2055116919827404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Case summary An 11-month-old female neutered Ragdoll cat was presented for focal seizures, aggression and altered behaviour. A diagnosis of a nasal dermoid cyst with intracranial extension was made following MRI, cytology and histopathology. The cyst was surgically excised with a resolution of clinical signs, with the exception of ongoing seizure activity requiring anti-seizure medication. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a nasal dermoid cyst in a cat, and the first reported case in the veterinary literature of any species with a nasal dermoid cyst presenting with neurological signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Brady
- Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erin Bell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sydney Veterinary Emergency & Specialists, Sydney, Australia
| | - Natalie Courtman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthias Le Chevoir
- Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Rusbridge C, Stringer F, Knowler SP. Clinical Application of Diagnostic Imaging of Chiari-Like Malformation and Syringomyelia. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:280. [PMID: 30547039 PMCID: PMC6279941 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiari-like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM) is a frequent diagnosis in predisposed brachycephalic toy breeds since increased availability of MRI. However, the relevance of that MRI diagnosis has been questioned as CM, defined as identification of a cerebellar herniation, is ubiquitous in some breeds and SM can be asymptomatic. This article reviews the current knowledge of neuroanatomical changes in symptomatic CM and SM and diagnostic imaging modalities used for the clinical diagnosis of CM-pain or myelopathy related to SM. Although often compared to Chiari type I malformation in humans, canine CM-pain and SM is more comparable to complex craniosynostosis syndromes (i.e., premature fusion of multiple skull sutures) characterized by a short skull (cranial) base, rostrotentorial crowding with rostral forebrain flattening, small, and ventrally orientated olfactory bulbs, displacement of the neural tissue to give increased height of the cranium and further reduction of the functional caudotentorial space with hindbrain herniation. MRI may further reveal changes suggesting raised intracranial pressure such as loss of sulci definition in conjunction with ventriculomegaly. In addition to these brachycephalic changes, dogs with SM are more likely to have craniocervical junction abnormalities including rostral displacement of the axis and atlas with increased odontoid angulation causing craniospinal junction deformation and medulla oblongata elevation. Symptomatic SM is diagnosed on the basis of signs of myelopathy and presence of a large syrinx that is consistent with the neuro-localization. The imaging protocol should establish the longitudinal and transverse extent of the spinal cord involvement by the syrinx. Phantom scratching and cervicotorticollis are associated with large mid-cervical syringes that extend to the superficial dorsal horn. If the cause of CSF channel disruption and syringomyelia is not revealed by anatomical MRI then other imaging modalities may be appropriate with radiography or CT for any associated vertebral abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Rusbridge
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Godalming, United Kingdom.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susan P Knowler
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Gamito-Gómez A, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Wessmann A. Congenital Malformations Resembling VACTERL Association in a Golden Retriever. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2018; 54:60-64. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A 2 mo old golden retriever presented with malformation of the left thoracic limb and a small circular indentation of the skin in the cranial thoracic spine. Radiographs showed a cleft between the second and fifth metacarpal bones of the left thoracic limb compatible with ectrodactyly and spina bifida affecting T4 and T5 vertebrae. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine showed dorsal reposition of the spinal cord and a tract connecting from the dura mater to the skin. No other malformations were detected. Surgical excision of the tract was performed and histopathological examination diagnosed a dermoid sinus type IV. Dermoid sinus and spina bifida are well-recognized congenital spinal and spinal cord defects, yet association with other congenital malformation are rarely reported in dogs. The here-reported dog had spinal and spinal cord abnormalities with concurrent limb malformation, which are two components of a nonrandom association of birth defects described as VACTERL in people. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing concurrent dermoid sinus type IV, spina bifida, and ectrodactyly in a dog, and highlights the importance of patient examination for occurrence of multiple malformations to provide an appropriate prognosis for an owner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Gamito-Gómez
- From the Teaching Veterinary Hospital University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (A.G.-G.); School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.G-G., R.G-Q., A.W.); Hospital Veterinario Guadiamar, Sevilla, Spain (A.G-G.); and Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, United Kingdom (A.W.)
| | - Rodrigo Gutierrez-Quintana
- From the Teaching Veterinary Hospital University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (A.G.-G.); School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.G-G., R.G-Q., A.W.); Hospital Veterinario Guadiamar, Sevilla, Spain (A.G-G.); and Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, United Kingdom (A.W.)
| | - Annette Wessmann
- From the Teaching Veterinary Hospital University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (A.G.-G.); School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.G-G., R.G-Q., A.W.); Hospital Veterinario Guadiamar, Sevilla, Spain (A.G-G.); and Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, United Kingdom (A.W.)
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20
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Appelgrein C, Hosgood G, Reese SL. Computed tomography findings and surgical outcomes of dermoid sinuses: a case series. Aust Vet J 2016; 94:461-466. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Appelgrein
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Murdoch University; Perth Australia
| | - G Hosgood
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Murdoch University; Perth Australia
| | - SL Reese
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Murdoch University; Perth Australia
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21
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da Costa RC, Cook LB. Cystic Abnormalities of the Spinal Cord and Vertebral Column. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2015; 46:277-93. [PMID: 26706913 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cystic lesions of the vertebral column and spinal cord are important differential diagnoses in dogs with signs of spinal cord disease. Synovial cysts are commonly associated with degenerative joint disease and usually affect the cervical and lumbosacral regions. Arachnoid diverticulum (previously known as cyst) is seen in the cervical region of large breed dogs and thoracolumbar region of small breed dogs. This article reviews the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of these and other, less common, cystic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo C da Costa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1089, USA.
| | - Laurie B Cook
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1089, USA
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Song RB, Glass EN, Kent M, Sánchez MD, Smith DM, de Lahunta A. Surgical correction of a sacral meningomyelocele in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2014; 50:436-43. [PMID: 25251428 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 15 wk old male unilateral cryptorchid German shepherd dog weighing 18 kg was referred for a nonhealing cutaneous lesion dorsally at the level of the sacrum, urinary incontinence, and a deviated tail. MRI revealed spina bifida and meningomyelocele continuous with the skin surface. Surgical correction of the meningomyelocele involved closure of the open meningeal defect, transection of the abnormal spinal nerves to the skin surface, and closure of the skin defect with a good outcome. Histopathology confirmed a meningomyelocele. This case report describes the MRI findings, surgical procedure, and proposed pathogenesis of spina bifida and meningomyelocele in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel B Song
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (R.S.); Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (E.G.), Department of Oncology (D.S.), Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ; Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (M.K.); Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (M.S.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University (A.D.)
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Barrios N, Gómez M, Mieres M, Vera F, Alvial G. Spinal dermoid sinus in a Dachshund with vertebral and thoracic limb malformations. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:54. [PMID: 24593884 PMCID: PMC3975874 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermoid sinus is an uncommon epithelial-lined fistula that may be associated with vertebral malformations. In humans, Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is a rare condition characterized by congenital cervical vertebral fusion and may be associated with other developmental defects, including dermoid sinus. The present case report describes an adult Dachshund with cervical and cranial thoracic vertebral malformations as well as thoracic limb malformations resembling KFS with a concurrent type IV dermoid sinus. CASE PRESENTATION A 1.5 year-old Dachshund with congenital thoracic limbs deformities and cervical-thoracic vertebral malformations presented with cervical hyperesthesia, rigidity of the cervical musculature and tetraparesis. Neurologic, radiographic, and computed tomography (CT) (2D, 3D, CT fistulography) examinations revealed skeletal anomalies, a dermoid sinus in the cranial thoracic region and epidural gas within the vertebral canal. Surgical resection and histopathological evaluation of the sinus tract were performed and confirmed a type IV dermoid sinus. The clinical signs progressively recovered postoperatively, and no recurrent signs were observed after 6 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Cervical vertebral malformations associated with limbs anomalies have not been reported in dogs and may represent a condition similar to KFS in humans. KFS can occur concurrently with other congenital conditions including dermoid sinus and should be included among the complex congenital anomalies described in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Barrios
- Hospital Veterinario, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Marcelo Gómez
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marcelo Mieres
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Frank Vera
- Hospital Veterinario, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Genaro Alvial
- Institutio de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
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Perazzi A, Berlanda M, Bucci M, Ferro S, Rasotto R, Busetto R, Iacopetti I. Multiple dermoid sinuses of type Vb and IIIb on the head of a Saint Bernard dog. Acta Vet Scand 2013; 55:62. [PMID: 24006855 PMCID: PMC3846701 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-55-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermoid sinus, a congenital malformation of neural tube development, has been reported in humans and several animal species including dogs. It is typically found in the dorsal midline and commonly occurs in the Rhodesian Ridgeback breed. A case of multiple dermoid sinuses in the fronto-occipital region is described. An 11-month-old, intact female Saint Bernard dog was presented with a 2 day history of discharge from a large irregular subcutaneous mass in the fronto-occipital region. The dog was otherwise healthy. The dog had two circular skin lesions (approximately 4 × 4 and 4 × 2 cm diameter) surrounded by multiple irregular elevated masses. The masses had multiple small openings on the skin surface with tufts of hair protruding from the apertures. The masses were surgically removed, and the diagnosis of multiple dermoid sinuses was confirmed by histological examination. Histopathological examination showed multiple, variably sized, spherical to tubular cysts expanding the dermis and subcutis. Cysts were filled with hair shafts and lamellar keratin and were lined by a stratified squamous epithelium. Sebaceous and apocrine gland adnexal structures were also observed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of multiple dermoid sinuses of two different types in the head of a Saint Bernard dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Perazzi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Berlanda
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Bucci
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Rasotto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Busetto
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacopetti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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