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Hegg D, Larson T, Yuen PF. A theoretical study of the effect of relative humidity on light scattering by tropospheric aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Koutrakis P, Kelly BP. Equilibrium size of atmospheric aerosol sulfates as a function of particle acidity and ambient relative humidity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd03028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Malm WC, Sisler JF, Huffman D, Eldred RA, Cahill TA. Spatial and seasonal trends in particle concentration and optical extinction in the United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd02916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 955] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hegg DA, Ferek RJ, Hobbs PV. Reply [to “Comment on ‘Light scattering and cloud condensation nucleus activity of sulfate aerosol measured over the Northeast Atlantic Ocean’ by D.A. Hegg et al.”]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kitto AMN, Harrison RM. Processes affecting concentrations of aerosol strong acidity at sites in eastern England. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90369-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chen LC, Fine JM, Qu QS, Amdur MO, Gordon T. Effects of fine and ultrafine sulfuric acid aerosols in guinea pigs: alterations in alveolar macrophage function and intracellular pH. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1992; 113:109-17. [PMID: 1553743 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(92)90014-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acidic sulfate is the most toxicologically important sulfur oxide which exists in the ambient air. To determine if particle size influences toxic effects of sulfuric acid, we investigated the effects of sulfuric acid aerosols of two different sizes on biochemical and cellular parameters of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from exposed guinea pigs. Guinea pigs were exposed to fine (mass median diameter, 0.3 micron), and ultrafine (mass median diameter, 0.04 micron) sulfuric acid aerosols at 300 micrograms/m3 for 3 hr/day. The animals were euthanized immediately and 24 hr after 1 and 4 days of exposure and lungs were lavaged. Elevated beta-glucuronidase, lactate dehydrogenase activities, and total protein concentration as well as decreased cell viability were observed in the lavage after a single exposure to sulfuric acid aerosols of both sizes. These alterations were small, though statistically significant, and transient. No alteration in these parameters was observed after 4 days of exposure to acid aerosols. In contrast, sulfuric acid-induced alterations in alveolar macrophage function were more pronounced and longer lasting. Immediately after a single exposure to fine acid, there was a 2.7-fold increase in the spontaneous tumor necrosis factor (TNF) release over that in the control group while endotoxin-stimulated TNF release was increased by 2.2-fold. In addition, acid aerosols of both sizes increased the TNF release from macrophages after 4 days of exposure, although there was no clear temporal pattern of induction or recovery. Furthermore, immediately after 4 days of exposure to either fine or ultrafine acid, the amount of H2O2 that could be induced from baseline production by alveolar macrophages was 2.2-fold higher than that of the controls. The phagocytic function of macrophages was also altered by exposure to sulfuric acid aerosols. Twenty-four hours after single or multiple exposure, fine acid enhanced (as high as 78% above control) the in vitro phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages while ultrafine acid depressed the phagocytic capacity (as much as 50% below that in the control). In addition to these biochemical parameters and cellular functions, we also measured the intracellular pH (pHi) of macrophages harvested after exposures to these acid aerosols using a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye. The resting pHi was depressed after a single exposure to both acid aerosols. The depression in pHi persisted 24 hr after ultrafine acid exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Chen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, Tuxedo 10987
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Measurements of sulfate aerosol and its acidity in the SO2 source region of Chestnut Ridge, PA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Husain L, Dutkiewicz VA, Hussain MM, Khwaja HA, Burkhard EG, Mehmood G, Parekh PP, Canelli E. A study of heterogeneous oxidation of SO2in summer clouds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pierson WR, Brachaczek WW, Gorse RA, Japar SM, Norbeck JM, Keeler GJ. Atmospheric acidity measurements on allegheny mountain and the origins of ambient acidity in the Northeastern United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(89)90588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Design of a personal annular denuder sampler to measure atmospheric aerosols and gases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(89)90557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Vossler TL, Lewis CW, Stevens RK, Dzubay TG, Gordon GE, Tuncel SG, Russwurm GM, Keeler GJ. Composition and origin of summertime air pollutants at Deep Creek Lake, Maryland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(89)90413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Koutrakis P, Wolfson JM, Spengler JD, Stern B, Franklin CA. Equilibrium size of atmospheric aerosol sulfates as a function of the relative humidity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id05p06442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Spatial pattern of non-urban Se concentrations in the Northeastern U.S. and its pollution source implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(88)90132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Pierson WR, Brachaczek WW. Coarse- and fine-particle atmospheric nitrate and HNO3(g) in Claremont, California, during the 1985 nitrogen species methods comparison study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(88)90394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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An improved method for measuring aerosol strong acidity: Results from a nine-month study in St Louis, Missouri and Kingston, Tennessee. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(88)90308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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ten Brink H, Schwartz S, Daum P. Efficient scavenging of aerosol sulfate by liquid-water clouds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(87)90164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Pierson WR, Chang TY, Pack DH. Acid rain in Western Europe and northeastern United States — a technical appraisal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1080/10643388609381744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Leaitch WR, Strapp JW, Wiebe HA, Anlauf KG, Isaac GA. Chemical and microphysical studies of nonprecipitating summer cloud in Ontario, Canada. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/jd091id11p11821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Altshuller A. Relationships involving fine particle mass, fine particle sulfur and ozone during episodic periods at sites in and around St. Louis, Mo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(85)90094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Schlesinger RB. Comparative irritant potency of inhaled sulfate aerosols--effects on bronchial mucociliary clearance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 1984; 34:268-279. [PMID: 6745229 DOI: 10.1016/0013-9351(84)90095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The effect of 1-hr oral inhalation exposures to submicrometer aerosols of ammonium bisulfate (NH4HSO4), ammonium sulfate [NH4)2SO4), and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) upon mucociliary clearance from the bronchial tree of rabbits was examined. Exposures to NH4HSO4 at concentrations of approximately 600-1700 micrograms/m3 produced a significant depression of clearance rate only at the highest exposure level. No significant effects were observed with the other sulfates at levels up to approximately 2000 micrograms/m3. When results were compared to those from another study in this laboratory using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) aerosol, the ranking of irritant potency was H2SO4 greater than NH4HSO4 greater than (NH4)2SO4, Na2SO4. Alteration in bronchial mucociliary clearance due to sulfate aerosols appears to be related to the deposition of [H+] on the mucus lining of conducting airways.
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Tanner RL, Kumar R, Johnson S. Vertical distribution of aerosol strong acid and sulfate in the atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1029/jd089id05p07149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Fraser RS, Kaufman YJ, Mahoney R. Satellite measurements of aerosol mass and transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(84)90322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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P. Altshuller A. Atmospheric particle sulfur and sulfur dioxide relationships at urban and nonurban locations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(84)90049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Stevens RK, Dzubay TG, Lewis CW, Shaw RW. Source apportionment methods applied to the determination of the origin of ambient aerosols that affect visibility in forested areas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(84)90099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Shaw RW, Paur RJ. Measurements of sulfur in gases and particles during sixteen months in the Ohio River Valley. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(83)90296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Wolff GT, Kelly NA, Ferman MA, Morrissey ML. Rural measurements of the chemical composition of airborne particles in the eastern United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1029/jc088ic15p10769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Trijonis J. Existing and natural background levels of visibility and fine particles in the rural east. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(82)90133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Pierson WR, Semb A, Hirschler M. The distribution and transport of sulfate “species” in the New York metropolitan area during the 1977 súmmer aerosol study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(81)90328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Parekh P, Ghauri B, Siddiqi ZR, Husain L. The use of chemical and statistical methods to identify sources of selected elements in ambient air aerosols in Karachi, Pakistan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(67)90073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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