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Tharakan S, Khondkar S, Ilyas A. Bioprinting of Stem Cells in Multimaterial Scaffolds and Their Applications in Bone Tissue Engineering. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:7477. [PMID: 34833553 PMCID: PMC8618842 DOI: 10.3390/s21227477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting stem cells into three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds has emerged as a new avenue for regenerative medicine, bone tissue engineering, and biosensor manufacturing in recent years. Mesenchymal stem cells, such as adipose-derived and bone-marrow-derived stem cells, are capable of multipotent differentiation in a 3D culture. The use of different printing methods results in varying effects on the bioprinted stem cells with the appearance of no general adverse effects. Specifically, extrusion, inkjet, and laser-assisted bioprinting are three methods that impact stem cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation potential. Each printing method confers advantages and disadvantages that directly influence cellular behavior. Additionally, the acquisition of 3D bioprinters has become more prominent with innovative technology and affordability. With accessible technology, custom 3D bioprinters with capabilities to print high-performance bioinks are used for biosensor fabrication. Such 3D printed biosensors are used to control conductivity and electrical transmission in physiological environments. Once printed, the scaffolds containing the aforementioned stem cells have a significant impact on cellular behavior and differentiation. Natural polymer hydrogels and natural composites can impact osteogenic differentiation with some inducing chondrogenesis. Further studies have shown enhanced osteogenesis using cell-laden scaffolds in vivo. Furthermore, selective use of biomaterials can directly influence cell fate and the quantity of osteogenesis. This review evaluates the impact of extrusion, inkjet, and laser-assisted bioprinting on adipose-derived and bone-marrow-derived stem cells along with the effect of incorporating these stem cells into natural and composite biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shebin Tharakan
- Bio-Nanotechnology and Biomaterials (BNB) Lab, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (S.T.); (S.K.)
- New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Shams Khondkar
- Bio-Nanotechnology and Biomaterials (BNB) Lab, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (S.T.); (S.K.)
- Department of Bioengineering, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Azhar Ilyas
- Bio-Nanotechnology and Biomaterials (BNB) Lab, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (S.T.); (S.K.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
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2
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Klarmann GJ, Gaston J, Ho VB. A review of strategies for development of tissue engineered meniscal implants. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2021; 4:100026. [PMID: 36824574 PMCID: PMC9934480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2021.100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The meniscus is a key stabilizing tissue of the knee that facilitates proper tracking and movement of the knee joint and absorbs stresses related to physical activity. This review article describes the biology, structure, and functions of the human knee meniscus, common tears and repair approaches, and current research and development approaches using modern methods to fabricate a scaffold or tissue engineered meniscal replacement. Meniscal tears are quite common, often resulting from sports or physical training, though injury can result without specific contact during normal physical activity such as bending or squatting. Meniscal injuries often require surgical intervention to repair, restore basic functionality and relieve pain, and severe damage may warrant reconstruction using allograft transplants or commercial implant devices. Ongoing research is attempting to develop alternative scaffold and tissue engineered devices using modern fabrication techniques including three-dimensional (3D) printing which can fabricate a patient-specific meniscus replacement. An ideal meniscal substitute should have mechanical properties that are close to that of natural human meniscus, and also be easily adapted for surgical procedures and fixation. A better understanding of the organization and structure of the meniscus as well as its potential points of failure will lead to improved design approaches to generate a suitable and functional replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J. Klarmann
- 4D Bio³ Center, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD 20814, USA,The Geneva Foundation, 917 Pacific Ave., Tacoma, WA 98402, USA,Corresponding author at: USU-4D Bio³ Center, 9410 Key West Ave., Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Joel Gaston
- 4D Bio³ Center, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD 20814, USA,The Geneva Foundation, 917 Pacific Ave., Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Vincent B. Ho
- 4D Bio³ Center, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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3
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Belk L, Tellisi N, Macdonald H, Erdem A, Ashammakhi N, Pountos I. Safety Considerations in 3D Bioprinting Using Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:924. [PMID: 33154961 PMCID: PMC7588840 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has demonstrated great potential for the fabrication of biomimetic human tissues and complex graft materials. This technology utilizes bioinks composed of cellular elements placed within a biomaterial. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an attractive option for cell selection in 3D bioprinting. MSCs can be isolated from a variety of tissues, can pose vast proliferative capacity and can differentiate to multiple committed cell types. Despite their promising properties, the use of MSCs has been associated with several drawbacks. These concerns are related to the ex vivo manipulation throughout the process of 3D bioprinting. The herein manuscript aims to present the current evidence surrounding these events and propose ways to minimize the risks to the patients following widespread expansion of 3D bioprinting in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Belk
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nazzar Tellisi
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hamish Macdonald
- Gloucester Royal Hospital, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmet Erdem
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Ippokratis Pountos
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom
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4
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Young SA, Riahinezhad H, Amsden BG. In situ-forming, mechanically resilient hydrogels for cell delivery. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:5742-5761. [PMID: 31531443 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01398a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Injectable, in situ-forming hydrogels can improve cell delivery in tissue engineering applications by facilitating minimally invasive delivery to irregular defect sites and improving cell retention and survival. Tissues targeted for cell delivery often undergo diverse mechanical loading including high stress, high strain, and repetitive loading conditions. This review focuses on the development of hydrogel systems that meet the requirements of mechanical resiliency, cytocompatibility, and injectability for such applications. First, we describe the most important design considerations for maintaining the viability and function of encapsulated cells, for reproducing the target tissue morphology, and for achieving degradation profiles that facilitate tissue replacement. Models describing the relationships between hydrogel structure and mechanical properties are described, focusing on design principles necessary for producing mechanically resilient hydrogels. The advantages and limitations of current strategies for preparing cytocompatible, injectable, and mechanically resilient hydrogels are reviewed, including double networks, nanocomposites, and high molecular weight amphiphilic copolymer networks. Finally, challenges and opportunities are outlined to guide future research in this developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Hossein Riahinezhad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Brian G Amsden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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Aoyama J, Homma K, Tanabe N, Usui S, Miyagi Y, Matsuura K, Kaneda M, Nitta T. Spatiotemporal imaging documented the maturation of the cardiomyocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 159:2260-2271.e7. [PMID: 31409490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells are a promising source of cells for regenerative medicine. However, contractions in such derived cardiomyocytes are often irregular and asynchronous, especially at early stages of differentiation. This study aimed to determine the differentiation stage of initiation of synchronized and regular contractions, using spatiotemporal imaging and physiological and genetic analyses. METHODS Knock-in human induced pluripotent stem cell lines were established with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 to analyze cardiac and pacemaker cell maturation. Time-frequency analysis and Ca2+ imaging were performed, and the expression of related proteins and specific cardiac/pacemaker mRNAs in contracting embryoid bodies was analyzed at various differentiation stages. RESULTS Time-frequency analysis and Ca2+ imaging revealed irregular, asynchronous contractions at the early stage of differentiation with altered electrophysiological properties upon differentiation. Genes associated with electrophysiological properties were upregulated after 70 days of culturing in differentiation media, whereas pacemaker genes were initially upregulated during the early stage and downregulated at the later stage. CONCLUSIONS A differentiation period >70 days is required for adequate development of cardiac elements including ion channels and gap junctions and for sarcomere maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Aoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Homma
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nari Tanabe
- SUWA, Tokyo University of Science, Nagano, Japan
| | - Sumiko Usui
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miyagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Matsuura
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kaneda
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nitta
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
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Eswaramoorthy SD, Ramakrishna S, Rath SN. Recent advances in three-dimensional bioprinting of stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:908-924. [PMID: 30866145 DOI: 10.1002/term.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In spite of being a new field, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has undergone rapid growth in the recent years. Bioprinting methods offer a unique opportunity for stem cell distribution, positioning, and differentiation at the microscale to make the differentiated architecture of any tissue while maintaining precision and control over the cellular microenvironment. Bioprinting introduces a wide array of approaches to modify stem cell fate. This review discusses these methodologies of 3D bioprinting stem cells. Fabricating a fully operational tissue or organ construct with a long life will be the most significant challenge of 3D bioprinting. Once this is achieved, a whole human organ can be fabricated for the defect place at the site of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhuja D Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, NUS Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, Singapore
| | - Subha N Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Sangareddy, Telangana, India
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Impact of Three-Dimentional Culture Systems on Hepatic Differentiation of Puripotent Stem Cells and Beyond. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 30357683 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0947-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Generation of functional hepatocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is a vital tool to produce large amounts of human hepatocytes, which hold a great promise for biomedical and regenerative medicine applications. Despite a tremendous progress in developing the differentiation protocols recapitulating the developmental signalling and stages, these resulting hepatocytes from hPSCs yet achieve maturation and functionality comparable to those primary hepatocytes. The absence of 3D milieu in the culture and differentiation of these hepatocytes may account for this, at least partly, thus developing an optimal 3D culture could be a step forward to achieve this aim. Hence, review focuses on current development of 3D culture systems for hepatic differentiation and maturation and the future perspectives of its application.
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Li X, Su X. Multifunctional smart hydrogels: potential in tissue engineering and cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:4714-4730. [PMID: 32254299 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, clinical applications have been proposed for various hydrogel products. Hydrogels can be derived from animal tissues, plant extracts and/or adipose tissue extracellular matrices; each type of hydrogel presents significantly different functional properties and may be used for many different applications, including medical therapies, environmental pollution treatments, and industrial materials. Due to complicated preparation techniques and the complexities associated with the selection of suitable materials, the applications of many host-guest supramolecular polymeric hydrogels are limited. Thus, improvements in the design and construction of smart materials are highly desirable in order to increase the lifetimes of functional materials. Here, we summarize different functional hydrogels and their varied preparation methods and source materials. The multifunctional properties of hydrogels, particularly their unique ability to adapt to certain environmental stimuli, are chiefly based on the incorporation of smart materials. Smart materials may be temperature sensitive, pH sensitive, pH/temperature dual sensitive, photoresponsive or salt responsive and may be used for hydrogel wound repair, hydrogel bone repair, hydrogel drug delivery, cancer therapy, and so on. This review focuses on the recent development of smart hydrogels for tissue engineering applications and describes some of the latest advances in using smart materials to create hydrogels for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 1 Tong Dao Street, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, P. R. China.
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9
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Bishop ES, Mostafa S, Pakvasa M, Luu HH, Lee MJ, Wolf JM, Ameer GA, He TC, Reid RR. 3-D bioprinting technologies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: Current and future trends. Genes Dis 2017; 4:185-195. [PMID: 29911158 PMCID: PMC6003668 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing have increased feasibility towards the synthesis of living tissues. Known as 3D bioprinting, this technology involves the precise layering of cells, biologic scaffolds, and growth factors with the goal of creating bioidentical tissue for a variety of uses. Early successes have demonstrated distinct advantages over conventional tissue engineering strategies. Not surprisingly, there are current challenges to address before 3D bioprinting becomes clinically relevant. Here we provide an overview of 3D bioprinting technology and discuss key advances, clinical applications, and current limitations. While 3D bioprinting is a relatively novel tissue engineering strategy, it holds great potential to play a key role in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot S Bishop
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sami Mostafa
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mikhail Pakvasa
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer Moriatis Wolf
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Guillermo A Ameer
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R Reid
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Prathipati P, Nandi SS, Mishra PK. Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes, Autophagy, Extracellular Matrix Turnover, and miRNAs in Cardiac Regeneration during Stem Cell Therapy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:79-91. [PMID: 27807762 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy (SCT) raises the hope for cardiac regeneration in ischemic hearts. However, underlying molecular mechanisms for repair of dead myocardium by SCT in the ischemic heart is poorly understood. Growing evidences suggest that cardiac matrix stiffness and differential expressions of miRNAs play a crucial role in stem cell survival and differentiation. However, their roles on transplanted stem cells, for myocardial repair of the ischemic heart, remain unclear. Transplanted stem cells may act in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner to regenerate the dead myocardium. Paracrine mediators such as stem cell-derived exosomes are emerging as a novel therapeutic strategy to overcome some of the limitations of SCT. These exosomes carry microRNAs (miRNAs) that may regulate stem cell differentiation into a specific lineage. MicroRNAs may also contribute to stiffness of surrounding matrix by regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover. The survival of transplanted stem cell depends on its autophagic process that maintains cellular homeostasis. Therefore, exosomes, miRNAs, extracellular matrix turnover, and autophagy may have an integral role in improving the efficacy of SCT. This review elaborates the specific roles of these regulatory components on cardiac regeneration in the ischemic heart during SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Prathipati
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Shyam Sundar Nandi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Paras Kumar Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Zhao F, Mc Garrigle MJ, Vaughan TJ, McNamara LM. In silico study of bone tissue regeneration in an idealised porous hydrogel scaffold using a mechano-regulation algorithm. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 17:5-18. [PMID: 28779266 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimulation, in the form of fluid perfusion or mechanical strain, enhances osteogenic differentiation and overall bone tissue formation by mesenchymal stems cells cultured in biomaterial scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. In silico techniques can be used to predict the mechanical environment within biomaterial scaffolds, and also the relationship between bone tissue regeneration and mechanical stimulation, and thereby inform conditions for bone tissue engineering experiments. In this study, we investigated bone tissue regeneration in an idealised hydrogel scaffold using a mechano-regulation model capable of predicting tissue differentiation, and specifically compared five loading cases, based on known experimental bioreactor regimes. These models predicted that low levels of mechanical loading, i.e. compression (0.5% strain), pore pressure of 10 kPa and a combination of compression (0.5%) and pore pressure (10 kPa), could induce more osteogenic differentiation and lead to the formation of a higher bone tissue fraction. In contrast greater volumes of cartilage and fibrous tissue fractions were predicted under higher levels of mechanical loading (i.e. compression strain of 5.0% and pore pressure of 100 kPa). The findings in this study may provide important information regarding the appropriate mechanical stimulation for in vitro bone tissue engineering experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Zhao
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Myles J Mc Garrigle
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ted J Vaughan
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Laoise M McNamara
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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12
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Valarmathi MT, Fuseler JW, Potts JD, Davis JM, Price RL. Functional Tissue Engineering: A Prevascularized Cardiac Muscle Construct for Validating Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Engraftment Potential In Vitro. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 24:157-185. [PMID: 28457188 PMCID: PMC5770135 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of somatic stem cells in the stimulation of mammalian cardiac muscle regeneration is still in its early stages, and so far, it has been difficult to determine the efficacy of the procedures that have been employed. The outstanding question remains whether stem cells derived from the bone marrow or some other location within or outside of the heart can populate a region of myocardial damage and transform into tissue-specific differentiated progenies, and also exhibit functional synchronization. Consequently, this necessitates the development of an appropriate in vitro three-dimensional (3D) model of cardiomyogenesis and prompts the development of a 3D cardiac muscle construct for tissue engineering purposes, especially using the somatic stem cell, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). To this end, we have created an in vitro 3D functional prevascularized cardiac muscle construct using embryonic cardiac myocytes (eCMs) and hMSCs. First, to generate the prevascularized scaffold, human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (hCMVECs) and hMSCs were cocultured onto a 3D collagen cell carrier (CCC) for 7 days under vasculogenic culture conditions; hCMVECs/hMSCs underwent maturation, differentiation, and morphogenesis characteristic of microvessels, and formed dense vascular networks. Next, the eCMs and hMSCs were cocultured onto this generated prevascularized CCCs for further 7 or 14 days in myogenic culture conditions. Finally, the vascular and cardiac phenotypic inductions were characterized at the morphological, immunological, biochemical, molecular, and functional levels. Expression and functional analyses of the differentiated progenies revealed neo-cardiomyogenesis and neo-vasculogenesis. In this milieu, for instance, not only were hMSCs able to couple electromechanically with developing eCMs but were also able to contribute to the developing vasculature as mural cells, respectively. Hence, our unique 3D coculture system provides us a reproducible and quintessential in vitro 3D model of cardiomyogenesis and a functioning prevascularized 3D cardiac graft that can be utilized for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani T Valarmathi
- 1 Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois
| | - John W Fuseler
- 2 Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Jay D Potts
- 3 Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Jeffrey M Davis
- 3 Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Robert L Price
- 3 Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina
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13
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Foster AA, Marquardt LM, Heilshorn SC. The Diverse Roles of Hydrogel Mechanics in Injectable Stem Cell Transplantation. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2017; 15:15-23. [PMID: 29085771 PMCID: PMC5659597 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell delivery by local injection has tremendous potential as a regenerative therapy but has seen limited clinical success. Several mechanical challenges hinder therapeutic efficacy throughout all stages of cell transplantation, including mechanical forces during injection and loss of mechanical support post-injection. Recent studies have begun exploring the use of biomaterials, in particular hydrogels, to enhance stem cell transplantation by addressing the often-conflicting mechanical requirements associated with each stage of the transplantation process. This review explores recent biomaterial approaches to improve the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells delivered through local injection, with a focus on strategies that specifically address the mechanical challenges that result in cell death and/or limit therapeutic function throughout the stages of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbygail A Foster
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Laura M Marquardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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14
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Irvine SA, Venkatraman SS. Bioprinting and Differentiation of Stem Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:E1188. [PMID: 27617991 PMCID: PMC6273261 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3D bioprinting of stem cells directly into scaffolds offers great potential for the development of regenerative therapies; in particular for the fabrication of organ and tissue substitutes. For this to be achieved; the lineage fate of bioprinted stem cell must be controllable. Bioprinting can be neutral; allowing culture conditions to trigger differentiation or alternatively; the technique can be designed to be stimulatory. Such factors as the particular bioprinting technique; bioink polymers; polymer cross-linking mechanism; bioink additives; and mechanical properties are considered. In addition; it is discussed that the stimulation of stem cell differentiation by bioprinting may lead to the remodeling and modification of the scaffold over time matching the concept of 4D bioprinting. The ability to tune bioprinting properties as an approach to fabricate stem cell bearing scaffolds and to also harness the benefits of the cells multipotency is of considerable relevance to the field of biomaterials and bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Irvine
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Subbu S Venkatraman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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15
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van Marion MH, Bax NA, van Turnhout M, Mauretti A, van der Schaft DW, Goumans MJT, Bouten CV. Behavior of CMPCs in unidirectional constrained and stress-free 3D hydrogels. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 87:79-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Park SH, Sim WY, Min BH, Yang SS, Khademhosseini A, Kaplan DL. Chip-based comparison of the osteogenesis of human bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells under mechanical stimulation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46689. [PMID: 23029565 PMCID: PMC3460891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are considered as an attractive stem cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. We compared human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and hASCs under dynamic hydraulic compression to evaluate and compare osteogenic abilities. A novel micro cell chip integrated with microvalves and microscale cell culture chambers separated from an air-pressure chamber was developed using microfabrication technology. The microscale chip enables the culture of two types of stem cells concurrently, where each is loaded into cell culture chambers and dynamic compressive stimulation is applied to the cells uniformly. Dynamic hydraulic compression (1 Hz, 1 psi) increased the production of osteogenic matrix components (bone sialoprotein, oateopontin, type I collagen) and integrin (CD11b and CD31) expression from both stem cell sources. Alkaline phosphatase and Alrizarin red staining were evident in the stimulated hMSCs, while the stimulated hASCs did not show significant increases in staining under the same stimulation conditions. Upon application of mechanical stimulus to the two types of stem cells, integrin (β1) and osteogenic gene markers were upregulated from both cell types. In conclusion, stimulated hMSCs and hASCs showed increased osteogenic gene expression compared to non-stimulated groups. The hMSCs were more sensitive to mechanical stimulation and more effective towards osteogenic differentiation than the hASCs under these modes of mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyug Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jungwon University, Goesan-eup, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Woo Young Sim
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Byoung-Hyun Min
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Medical School, Ajou University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang Sik Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nikolaev NI, Liu Y, Hussein H, Williams DJ. The sensitivity of human mesenchymal stem cells to vibration and cold storage conditions representative of cold transportation. J R Soc Interface 2012; 9:2503-15. [PMID: 22628214 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the mechanical and hypothermic damage induced by vibration and cold storage on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) stored at 2-8°C was quantified by measuring the total cell number and cell viability after exposure to vibration at 50 Hz (peak acceleration 140 m s(-2) and peak displacement 1.4 mm), 25 Hz (peak acceleration 140 m s(-2), peak displacement 5.7 mm), 10 Hz (peak acceleration 20 m s(-2), peak displacement 5.1 mm) and cold storage for several durations. To quantify the viability of the cells, in addition to the trypan blue exclusion method, the combination of annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide was applied to understand the mode of cell death. Cell granularity and a panel of cell surface markers for stemness, including CD29, CD44, CD105 and CD166, were also evaluated for each condition. It was found that hMSCs were sensitive to vibration at 25 Hz, with moderate effects at 50 Hz and no effects at 10 Hz. Vibration at 25 Hz also increased CD29 and CD44 expression. The study further showed that cold storage alone caused a decrease in cell viability, especially after 48 h, and also increased CD29 and CD44 and attenuated CD105 expressions. Cell death would most likely be the consequence of membrane rupture, owing to necrosis induced by cold storage. The sensitivity of cells to different vibrations within the mechanical system is due to a combined effect of displacement and acceleration, and hMSCs with a longer cold storage duration were more susceptible to vibration damage, indicating a coupling between the effects of vibration and cold storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Nikolaev
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
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Mishra PK, Chavali V, Metreveli N, Tyagi SC. Ablation of MMP9 induces survival and differentiation of cardiac stem cells into cardiomyocytes in the heart of diabetics: a role of extracellular matrix. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:353-60. [PMID: 22394373 DOI: 10.1139/y11-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of extracellular matrix (ECM) to stem cell survival and differentiation is unequivocal, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) induces ECM turn over; however, the role of MMP9 in the survival and differentiation of cardiac stem cells is unclear. We hypothesize that ablation of MMP9 enhances the survival and differentiation of cardiac stem cells into cardiomyocytes in diabetics. To test our hypothesis, Ins2(+/-) Akita, C57 BL/6J, and double knock out (DKO: Ins2(+/-)/MMP9(-/-)) mice were used. We created the DKO mice by deleting the MMP9 gene from Ins2(+/-). The above 3 groups of mice were genotyped. The activity and expression of MMP9 in the 3 groups were determined by in-gel gelatin zymography, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy. To determine the role of MMP9 in ECM stiffness (fibrosis), we measured collagen deposition in the histological sections of hearts using Masson's trichrome staining. The role of MMP9 in cardiac stem cell survival and differentiation was determined by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) of MMP9 with c-kit (a marker of stem cells) and measuring the level of troponin I (a marker of cardiomyocytes) by confocal microscopy in the 3 groups. Our results revealed that ablation of MMP9 (i) reduces the stiffness of ECM by decreasing collagen accumulation (fibrosis), and (ii) enhances the survival (elevated c-kit level) and differentiation of cardiac stem cells into cardiomyocytes (increased troponin I) in diabetes. We conclude that inhibition of MMP9 ameliorates stem cell survival and their differentiation into cardiomyocytes in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Kumar Mishra
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Aoki S, Ikeda S, Takezawa T, Kishi T, Makino J, Uchihashi K, Matsunobu A, Noguchi M, Sugihara H, Toda S. Prolonged effect of fluid flow stress on the proliferative activity of mesothelial cells after abrupt discontinuation of fluid streaming. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 416:391-6. [PMID: 22120632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) often develops after transfer to hemodialysis and transplantation. Both termination of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and transplantation-related factors are risks implicated in post-PD development of EPS, but the precise mechanism of this late-onset peritoneal fibrosis remains to be elucidated. We previously demonstrated that fluid flow stress induced mesothelial proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Therefore, we speculated that the prolonged bioactive effect of fluid flow stress may affect mesothelial cell kinetics after cessation of fluid streaming. To investigate how long mesothelial cells stay under the bioactive effect brought on by fluid flow stress after removal of the stress, we initially cultured mesothelial cells under fluid flow stress and then cultured the cells under static conditions. Mesothelial cells exposed to fluid flow stress for a certain time showed significantly high proliferative activity compared with static conditions after stoppage of fluid streaming. The expression levels of protein phosphatase 2A, which dephosphorylates MAPK, in mesothelial cells changed with time and showed a biphasic pattern that was dependent on the duration of exposure to fluid flow stress. There were no differences in the fluid flow stress-related bioactive effects on mesothelial cells once a certain time had passed. The present findings show that fluid flow stress exerts a prolonged bioactive effect on mesothelial cells after termination of fluid streaming. These findings support the hypothesis that a history of PD for a certain period could serve as a trigger of EPS after stoppage of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehisa Aoki
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
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Prè D, Ceccarelli G, Gastaldi G, Asti A, Saino E, Visai L, Benazzo F, Cusella De Angelis MG, Magenes G. The differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) into osteoblasts is promoted by low amplitude, high frequency vibration treatment. Bone 2011; 49:295-303. [PMID: 21550433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that tissue culture conditions influence the differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). Recently, studies performed on SAOS-2 and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have shown the effectiveness of high frequency vibration treatment on cell differentiation to osteoblasts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low amplitude, high frequency vibrations on the differentiation of hASCs toward bone tissue. In view of this goal, hASCs were cultured in proliferative or osteogenic media and stimulated daily at 30Hz for 45min for 28days. The state of calcification of the extracellular matrix was determined using the alizarin assay, while the expression of extracellular matrix and associated mRNA was determined by ELISA assays and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed the osteogenic effect of high frequency vibration treatment in the early stages of hASC differentiation (after 14 and 21days). On the contrary, no additional significant differences were observed after 28days cell culture. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images performed on 21day samples showed evidence of structured collagen fibers in the treated samples. All together, these results demonstrate the effectiveness of high frequency vibration treatment on hASC differentiation toward osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Prè
- Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica, University of Pavia, Italy.
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Aoki S, Makino J, Nagashima A, Takezawa T, Nomoto N, Uchihashi K, Matsunobu A, Sanai T, Sugihara H, Toda S. Fluid flow stress affects peritoneal cell kinetics: possible pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis. Perit Dial Int 2011; 31:466-76. [PMID: 21532005 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2010.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal fibrosis is an essential precursor condition to the development of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS). This serious complication leads to a high mortality rate in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Although several factors, including highly concentrated glucose in the dialysis solution, are believed to be potent agents for peritoneal fibrosis, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. During PD, the dialysis solution continuously generates fluid flow stress to the peritoneum under peristalsis and body motion. Fluid flow stress has been implicated as playing a critical role in the physiologic responses of many cell types. We therefore hypothesized that fluid flow stress may be involved in the pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis leading to EPS. METHODS To generate fluid flow stress, culture containers were placed on a rotatory shaker in a thermostatic chamber. In this system, the shaker rotated at a speed of 25 rpm with a radius of 1.5 cm. Mesothelial cells were cultured in low-glucose (1000 mg/L) or high-glucose (4500 mg/L) complete medium with and without flow stress. RESULTS Fluid flow stress promoted hyperplasia and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of mesothelial cells independent of glucose concentration. Fluid flow stress inhibited expression of ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) in mesothelial cells. Administration of ERK and p38 MAPK inhibitors replicated the stress-induced morphology of mesothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicate that fluid flow stress promotes hyperplasia and EMT of mesothelial cells via the MAPK axis, suggesting that fluid flow stress may be involved in the pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehisa Aoki
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
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Mandenius CF, Steel D, Noor F, Meyer T, Heinzle E, Asp J, Arain S, Kraushaar U, Bremer S, Class R, Sartipy P. Cardiotoxicity testing using pluripotent stem cell-derived human cardiomyocytes and state-of-the-art bioanalytics: a review. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 31:191-205. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fozia Noor
- Biochemical Engineering; Saarland University; Saarbruecken; Germany
| | | | - Elmar Heinzle
- Biochemical Engineering; Saarland University; Saarbruecken; Germany
| | - Julia Asp
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine; Institute of Biomedicine; the Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Göteborg; Sweden
| | | | - Udo Kraushaar
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen; Germany
| | - Susanne Bremer
- ECVAM; Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (IHCP); European Commission Joint Research Center; Ispra; Italy
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