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Rowland LM, Demyanovich HK, Wijtenburg SA, Eaton WW, Rodriguez K, Gaston F, Cihakova D, Talor MV, Liu F, McMahon RR, Hong LE, Kelly DL. Antigliadin Antibodies (AGA IgG) Are Related to Neurochemistry in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:104. [PMID: 28674504 PMCID: PMC5474459 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation may play a role in schizophrenia; however, subgroups with immune regulation dysfunction may serve as distinct illness phenotypes with potential different treatment and prevention strategies. Emerging data show that about 30% of people with schizophrenia have elevated antigliadin antibodies of the IgG type, representing a possible subgroup of schizophrenia patients with immune involvement. Also, recent data have shown a high correlation of IgG-mediated antibodies between the periphery and cerebral spinal fluid in schizophrenia but not healthy controls, particularly AGA IgG suggesting that these antibodies may be crossing the blood-brain barrier with resulting neuroinflammation. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique that allows the quantification of certain neurochemicals in vivo that may proxy inflammation in the brain such as myoinositol and choline-containing compounds (glycerophosphorylcholine and phosphorylcholine). The objective of this exploratory study was to examine the relationship between serum AGA IgG levels and MRS neurochemical levels. We hypothesized that higher AGA IgG levels would be associated with higher levels of myoinositol and choline-containing compounds (glycerophosphorylcholine plus phosphorylcholine; GPC + PC) in the anterior cingulate cortex. Thirty-three participants with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder had blood drawn and underwent neuroimaging using MRS within 9 months. We found that 10/33 (30%) had positive AGA IgG (≥20 U) similar to previous findings. While there were no significant differences in myoinositol and GPC + PC levels between patients with and without AGA IgG positivity, there were significant relationships between both myoinositol (r = 0.475, p = 0.007) and GPC + PC (r = 0.36, p = 0.045) with AGA IgG levels. This study shows a possible connection of AGA IgG antibodies to putative brain inflammation as measured by MRS in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Rowland
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Haley K Demyanovich
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - S Andrea Wijtenburg
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - William W Eaton
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Katrina Rodriguez
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Frank Gaston
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daniela Cihakova
- Immunologic Disorders Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Monica V Talor
- Immunologic Disorders Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert R McMahon
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Deanna L Kelly
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Grau S, Schueller U, Weiss C, Tonn JC. Primary Meningeal T-Cell Lymphoma at the Clivus Mimicking a Meningioma. World Neurosurg 2010; 74:513-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2010.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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