The resistance of antimicrobial agents in salmonella from veterinary sources in Australia from 1975 to 1982

Study of antimicrobial resistance and physiological biomarkers with special reference to Salmonellosis in diarrheic foals in Punjab, Pakistan

Antimicrobial resistance results in selective colonization in animals. In the present study, 447 diarrheic foals (235 horse foals, 165 donkey foals and 47 mule foal) were selected from Lahore and Sahiwal districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Fresh fecal and blood samples from diarrheic foals were collected for isolation and confirmation of Salmonella Polymerase chain reaction. Results revealed that 50 (11.25%) foals (horse n=29, donkey n=12 and mule n=9) were positive. Fifty Salmonella enterica isolates belonging to 7 serovars S. Paratyphi B (15), S. Saintpaul (7), S. Newport (6), S. Typhimu-rium (11), S. Kottbus (4), S. Lagos (2), and S. enterica ssp salamae (5). Salmonella was common in foals that visited veterinary hospital, as compared to those in stud farms and individual foals reared in low income household. Out of the total 50 samples, 92% of isolates were resistant to three or more than three antimicrobials. The highest resistance (86%) was against Sulphamethoxazole (23.75mg) and lowest (4%) against trimethoprime (5mg). The isolates also showed resistance against Doxycycline (30mg), Oxytetracycline (30mg), Streptomycin (10mg), Neomycin (30mg), Amikacin (30mg), chloramphenicol (30mg), Ampicillin (10mg), Amoxicillin (10mg), kanamycin (30mg), Norfloxacin (10mg), Gentamicin 10mg, Cefotaxime (30mg), Ciprofloxacin (5mg) and Ceftriaxone (30mg). Blood analysis of salmonella infected foals showed That Hemoglobin, PCV and TEC were significantly higher and (while) TLC, PCV, Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Basophils, Eosinophil and Neutrophils were significantly lower than normal. Albumin were lower and BNU, Biluribin, ALT and creatinine were higher than normal values.

Resistance to antimicrobial agents used for animal therapy in pathogenic-, zoonotic- and indicator bacteria isolated from different food animals in Denmark: a baseline study for the Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Programme (DANMAP)

This study describes the establishment and first results of a continuous surveillance system of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria isolated from pigs, cattle and broilers in Denmark. The three categories of bacteria tested were: 1) indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium), 2) zoonotic bacteria (Campylobacter coli/jejuni, Salmonella enterica, Yersinia enterocolitica), and 3) animal pathogens (E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), Staphylococcus hyicus, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae). A total of 3304 bacterial isolates collected from October 1995 through December 1996 were tested for susceptibility to all major classes of antimicrobial agents used for therapy in Denmark. Bacterial species intrinsically resistant to an antimicrobial were not tested towards that antimicrobial. Acquired resistance to all antimicrobials was found. The occurrence of resistance varied by animal origin and bacterial species. In general, resistance was observed more frequently among isolates from pigs than from cattle and broilers. The association between the occurrence of resistance and the consumption of the antimicrobial is discussed, as is the occurrence of resistance in other countries. The results of this study show the present level of resistance to antimicrobial agents among a number of bacterial species isolated from food animals in Denmark. Thus, the baseline for comparison with future prospective studies has been established, enabling the determination of trends over time.

Isolation and characterization of Salmonella from broiler carcasses or parts

A study was conducted to determine and characterize Salmonella contamination on ready-to-cook broilers or parts in the Columbus, OH, metropolitan area. Ten to twelve samples per store were examined, using a whole-carcass rinse method. The Salmonella cultures isolated were tested for resistance to a series of nine drugs and, subsequently, were sent to the National Veterinary Services Laboratory at Ames, IA for serotype identification. Cultures identified as Salmonella were also examined for the presence of plasmids. Salmonella was isolated from one or more samples obtained from 11 of the 12 stores, and from 43% of the 142 samples examined. The serotypes isolated most often were Salmonella hadar, Salmonella heidelberg, and Salmonella johannesburg. Of the 55 cultures tested for drug resistance, 32.7% were sensitive to all nine drugs. The most-common patterns of drug resistance were triple sulfa (41.8% of the cultures) and tetracycline (34.5% of the cultures). Plasmids were found in 41.7% of the 36 cultures analyzed. The results of the present study indicate that the probability is high that carcasses from retail stores will have at least a few drug-resistant Salmonella cells.