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García-Pérez P, Lozano-Milo E, Landin M, Gallego PP. From Ethnomedicine to Plant Biotechnology and Machine Learning: The Valorization of the Medicinal Plant Bryophyllum sp. PHARMACEUTICALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:ph13120444. [PMID: 33291844 PMCID: PMC7762000 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The subgenus Bryophyllum includes about 25 plant species native to Madagascar, and is widely used in traditional medicine worldwide. Different formulations from Bryophyllum have been employed for the treatment of several ailments, including infections, gynecological disorders, and chronic diseases, such as diabetes, neurological and neoplastic diseases. Two major families of secondary metabolites have been reported as responsible for these bioactivities: phenolic compounds and bufadienolides. These compounds are found in limited amounts in plants because they are biosynthesized in response to different biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, novel approaches should be undertaken with the aim of achieving the phytochemical valorization of Bryophyllum sp., allowing a sustainable production that prevents from a massive exploitation of wild plant resources. This review focuses on the study of phytoconstituents reported on Bryophyllum sp.; the application of plant tissue culture methodology as a reliable tool for the valorization of bioactive compounds; and the application of machine learning technology to model and optimize the full phytochemical potential of Bryophyllum sp. As a result, Bryophyllum species can be considered as a promising source of plant bioactive compounds, with enormous antioxidant and anticancer potential, which could be used for their large-scale biotechnological exploitation in cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascual García-Pérez
- Applied Plant & Soil Biology, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Biology Faculty, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; (P.G.-P.); (E.L.-M.)
- CITACA—Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Eva Lozano-Milo
- Applied Plant & Soil Biology, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Biology Faculty, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; (P.G.-P.); (E.L.-M.)
- CITACA—Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Mariana Landin
- Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Grupo I+D Farma (GI-1645), Pharmacy Faculty, University of Santiago, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pedro P. Gallego
- Applied Plant & Soil Biology, Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Biology Faculty, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain; (P.G.-P.); (E.L.-M.)
- CITACA—Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Witt AB, Nunda W, Beale T, Kriticos DJ. A preliminary assessment of the presence and distribution of invasive and potentially invasive alien plant species in Laikipia County, Kenya, a biodiversity hotspot. KOEDOE: AFRICAN PROTECTED AREA CONSERVATION AND SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v62i1.1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Hseu YC, Cho HJ, Gowrisankar YV, Thiyagarajan V, Chen XZ, Lin KY, Huang HC, Yang HL. Kalantuboside B induced apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy in human melanoma A2058 cells: An in vitro and in vivo study. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:397-411. [PMID: 31442557 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Kalantuboside B (KB), a natural bufadienolide derivative extracted from the succulent plant Kalanchoe tubiflora, is well-known for its cardiotonic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we tested in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer efficacy with low concentrations of KB (5-30 ng/mL; 8.7-52.2 nM) on A2058 melanoma cells; and for the molecular mechanisms that underlie them. KB significantly inhibited the cell viability and colony formation via arresting the cell cycle at G2/M phase. There was an association with a decrease in Cyclin A/B1, Cdc25C, and Cdc2 expressions. Further, this treatment indicated the induction of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3, -8, -9, and -12 activation, and PARP cleavage, which shows that mitochondrial, death-receptor, and ER-stress signaling pathways are involved. KB-induced autophagy was apparent from enhanced LC3-II accumulation, GFP-LC3 puncta, and AVO formation. Surprisingly, KB-mediated cell death was potentiated by 3-MA and CQ to suggest the role of autophagy as a cytoprotective mechanism. Moreover, KB-treated A2058 cells enhanced intracellular ROS generation and antioxidant NAC prevented apoptosis and reversed cytoprotective autophagy. Interestingly, KB-induced apoptosis (PARP cleavage) and cytoprotective autophagy (LC3-II accumulation) were mediated by the up-regulation of the ERK signaling pathway. It was also shown that KB promoted cytoprotective autophagy by a calcium dependent-p53 downregulation pathway. In vivo data showed that KB suppressed tumor growth significantly in A2058-xenografted nude mice. A Western blot indicated cell-cycle inhibition (cyclin A reduction), apoptosis induction (PARP cleavage and Bcl-2 inhibition), and cytoprotective autophagy (LC3-II upregulation and p53 downregulation) in KB-treated A2058-xenografted mice. Our findings suggested that KB-induced ROS pathway plays a role in mediating the apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy in human melanoma cells. Thus, KB is considered to be a putative anti-tumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ju Cho
- Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yugandhar Vudhya Gowrisankar
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Varadharajan Thiyagarajan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Zao Chen
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 71004, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Gao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
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Abstract
In this review, we consider the general principles and specific methods for the purification of different classes of phytosteroids which have been isolated from plant sources: brassinosteroids, bufadienolides, cardenolides, cucurbitacins, ecdysteroids, steroidal saponins, steroidal alkaloids, vertebrate-type steroids and withanolides. For each class we give a brief summary of the characteristic structural features, their distribution in the plant world and their biological effects and applications. Most classes are associated with one or a few plant families, e.g., the withanolides with the Solanaceae, but others, e.g., the saponins, are very widespread. Where a compound class has been extensively studied, a large number of analogues are present across a range of species. We discuss the general principles for the isolation of plant steroids. The predominant methods for isolation are solvent extraction/partition followed by column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography/HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dinan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Devon, UK.
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Van der Walt JJ, Van Rooyen JM, Kellerman T, Carmeliet EE, Verdonck F. Neurospecificity of phyto-bufadienolides is not related to differences in pump inhibition. Eur J Pharmacol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)89181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Two adult cattle died within 48 h of being fed a large amount of Bryophyllum pinnatum plants collected from a house garden. Clinical signs became apparent the day after feeding and included hypersalivation, ataxia, severe cardiac arrhythmia and laboured respiration. The main necropsy findings were acute rumenitis, reduction of bronchiolar lumens and emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Reppas
- Department of Animal Health, University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales
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