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Sato S, Kanno C, Ando R, Ono HK, Nakamura T, Hashimoto Y, Maeda Y, Park CH, Takahashi F, Kawaguchi H. Surgical treatment of bovine nasal granuloma and an allergological exploration. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1915-1920. [PMID: 38443589 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Nasal granuloma in cattle results from inflammation within, and attendant proliferation of, the nasal mucosa possibly in response to an allergic response. However, the relationship between nasal granuloma and allergies remains unclear. Furthermore, severe cases have a poor prognosis because there is currently no effective treatment. Herein, we report three cases of nasal granuloma with severe stertorous breathing that were treated surgically. We also conducted an allergological exploration. Following surgical removal clinical signs did not recur in two of the three cases; however, stertorous breathing persisted in one case, and the cow was sacrificed 4 months later. A histopathological examination revealed that all nasal granulomas featured varying infiltrations of macrophages eosinophils, mast cells, and lymphocytes. The number of mast cells and the proportion of these cells that had degranulated were significantly higher in the granulomas than in normal nasal mucosae. In addition, serum histamine levels were higher in nasal granuloma cases than in normal cows, although serum immunoglobulin E levels were similar, and lymphocyte infiltration in the submucosal layer suggested type I and type IV allergies. Collectively, the results indicate the efficacy of complete surgical curettage for the treatment of allergic nasal granuloma in cattle. Further studies are required to identify the causes and risk factors of allergic nasal granuloma in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sato
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1, Higashi-23bancho, Towadashi, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kanno
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1, Higashi-23bancho, Towadashi, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Ryo Ando
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1, Higashi-23bancho, Towadashi, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Hisaya K Ono
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1, Higashi-23bancho, Towadashi, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Takuto Nakamura
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1, Higashi-23bancho, Towadashi, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yota Hashimoto
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1, Higashi-23bancho, Towadashi, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yosuke Maeda
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1, Higashi-23bancho, Towadashi, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Chun-Ho Park
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1, Higashi-23bancho, Towadashi, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Takahashi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1, Higashi-23bancho, Towadashi, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kawaguchi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1, Higashi-23bancho, Towadashi, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
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Li DM, Lun LD. Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mycosis and Extranodal Natural Killer or/and T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:851208. [PMID: 35783622 PMCID: PMC9248758 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.851208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type is a syndrome of middle face destruction with an association to Epstein-Barr virus. Fungi have been recovered from the diseased tissue now and then but were often seen as a lymphoma-associated secondary infection. However, there are ENKTL-NT cases with the recoveries of fungi and complete recovery with antifungal therapy, which are quite similar to rhino-orbital-cerebral mycosis (ROCM) that often confuses the physicians. Methods We searched Medline for English-language manuscripts limited to “human” and “case reports,” “letters,” “reviews,” and “clinical conferences” from 1966 to 2022. We used MeSH terms “lymphoma, extranodal nk-t-cell” [MeSH Terms] or “lethal midline granuloma” [MeSH Terms], in combination with MeSH terms “microbiology” [subheading] or “microbiology” [all fields] or “fungi” [all fields] or “fungi” [MeSH Terms] for ENKTL-NT with infections. We used MeSH terms “Mycoses” in combination with “Nose” [Mesh] OR “Orbital Diseases” [Mesh] for rhino-orbital-cerebral fungal infections. Results We appraised 149 included articles and extracted references related to ENKTL-NT and/or ROCM. Themes and subcategories were subsequently derived. Our findings revealed that ROCM and ENKTL-NT are characterized by progressive and destructive ulcers in the midline face or rhino-orbital structures. ROCM is mainly caused by fungi in the order of Mucorales, and ENKTL-NT is usually associated with Epstein-Barr virus and sometimes fungi. Radiologically, both are characterized by non-specific features of sinusitis, soft tissue infection, and necrosis. Pathologically, ROCM and ENKTL-NT share the same characteristics of inflammation, necrosis, and granuloma. ROCM is characterized by the detection of fungi in tissue, while ENKTL-NT is typically positive for NK/T-cell markers and cytotoxic granule-associated proteins, proliferation, and vascular damage of angioinvasion, which could be incited by Mucor irregularis and Rhizopus arrhizus in patients and mice. Conclusion ENKTL-NT and ROCM share many similarities in clinical presentations, radiology, and histopathology, and might have the same etiology. This may explain why the two diseases are tangled together in the reported cases, and suggests the role that the fungi may play in the development of these ENKTL-NT/ROCM diseases. The reason why ENKTL-NT and ROCM are sometimes confused is that the main pathogens of ROCM, Mucor irregularis and Rhizopus arrhizus, are the fungal causative agents of ENKTL-NT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ming Li
- Division of Dermatology and Mycological Lab, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Ming Li, ,
| | - Li De Lun
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatism, Air Force General Hospital PLA, Beijing, China
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Nichols S. Respiratory Surgery. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2016; 32:593-615. [PMID: 27614772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is a review of the most frequent disorders affecting the upper airway of cattle that are suitable for surgery. Information regarding the clinical signs, diagnostic methods, and the chemical restraint of cattle in respiratory distress are highlighted. Surgeries that can be performed in a field setting are thoroughly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Nichols
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 2M2, Canada.
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Vemireddi V, Sharma A, Wu CC, Lin TL. Systemic Nocardiosis in a Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus). J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 19:326-9. [PMID: 17459869 DOI: 10.1177/104063870701900320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic infection by Nocardia asteroides was diagnosed in a reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus tarandus). At necropsy, the animal had enlarged tracheobronchial lymph nodes, pleural and peritoneal effusions, and numerous, multifocal to coalescing, yellow, firm nodules with inspissated pus in the lung, pleura, omentum, liver, heart, adrenal glands, and left kidney. Microscopically, the nodules consisted of foci of pyogranulomatous inflammation. Microscopic lesions were present in the grossly affected organs as well as spleen and brain. Sections stained with Gram and modified Fite-Faraco histochemical stains had numerous gram-positive, variably acid fast, beaded and branching filamentous organisms in the necrotic centers. N. asteroides was isolated from the lung, bronchial lymph nodes, liver, and left kidney. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of systemic N. asteroides infection in a reindeer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimala Vemireddi
- Purdue University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, 406 South University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Murakami K, Hata E, Hatama S, Wada Y, Ito M, Ishikawa Y, Kadota K. Eosinophilic granuloma with Splendore-Hoeppli material caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans in a heifer. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:931-5. [PMID: 24632861 PMCID: PMC4108783 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Raised lesions were present on
the left nasal vestibule of a 20-month-old Japanese Brown heifer. The largest mass which
caused partial nasal obstruction was removed surgically. Corynebacterium
ulcerans was identified in the mass. 16S ribosomal RNA and RNA polymerase beta
subunit genes were 100% and 98% identical to other C. ulcerans strains.
Histologically, multiple foci of eosinophilic granuloma with Splendore-Hoeppli material
were seen. Rod-shaped Gram-positive organisms were detected with metachromatic granules,
producing diphtheria toxin with 5, 30 and 48 amino acid differences to another C.
ulcerans strain, C. diphtheriae or C.
pseudotuberculosis, respectively. The toxin is highly cytotoxic and may be
responsible for the formation of abundant Splendore-Hoeppli material. The lesion was
therefore judged to be an allergic reaction to bacterial antigens or diphtheria toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Murakami
- Naka-Sorachi Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, 1-5-14 Omachi, Takikawa 073-0022, Japan
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Li DM, Sun TT. Facial ulcerations due to Acinetobacter baumannii: Vessel thrombosis with bacterial mycelia. IDCases 2014; 1:89-91. [PMID: 26839783 PMCID: PMC4735083 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 14-year-old girl presented with a 2-week history of progressive facial ulcerations that did not respond to cephalexin and topical dexamethasone. Biopsy on the ulcer showed rod-shaped bacteria and actinomycetes-like mycelia in the vessel walls and within thrombi. Tissue culture yielded Acinetobacter baumannii, which was resistant to cephalexin. A favourite outcome was achieved with minocycline treatment. This is the first case report of A. baumannii-related vasculitis.
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Li DM, Lun LD. Mucor irregularis infection and lethal midline granuloma: a case report and review of published literature. Mycopathologia 2012; 174:429-39. [PMID: 22744721 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-012-9559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mucor irregularis (Rhizomucor variabilis) infection and lethal midline granuloma (LMG) are characterized by progressive swelling, ulceration, and destruction of the central face that is usually fatal. Pathological features are inflammation, necrosis, and granulation. LMG has been called by various names, and in recent years, it has been known as NK/T cell lymphoma. However, diagnosis still relies on the progressive necrosis course rather than malignancy in histology. The disease has long challenged physicians, particularly when it worsens with radiotherapy or chemotherapy but sometimes achieves total remission without anti-malignancy therapies. We describe a 35-year-old man who had typical clinical-pathological symptoms of LMG, which turned out to be primary M. irregularis infection; that was diagnosed by positive tissue culture and fungal elements in histology. The patient was successfully treated with antifungal therapy (liposomal amphotericin B, total 4,600 mg and amphotericin B total 277 mg, over a duration of 70 days). We hereby review current knowledge about the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, radiographic characteristics, and pathologic features of LMG with those of M. irregularis infection and their associations. We conclude that primary M. irregulars infection can mimic the clinico-pathological symptoms of LMG and the condition responds favorably to aggressive antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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Wessels M, Harwood D, Welchman D, Isaacs A. Rhinitis due to actinobacillosis in a UK suckler cow herd. Vet Rec 2012; 170:599. [PMID: 22550121 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Wessels
- AHVLA Regional Laboratory, Barton Hall, Garstang Road, Barton, Preston, Lancashire, UK.
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Shibahara T, Sato K, Kato M, Takeda A, Yokota T, Ishikawa Y, Kadota K. Acute haemorrhagic leucoencephalitis in a Californian sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Vet Rec 2004; 154:270-2. [PMID: 15029968 DOI: 10.1136/vr.154.9.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Shibahara
- Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-0045, Japan
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Conti Díaz IA, Vargas R, Apolo A, Moraña JA, Pedrana G, Cardozo E, Almeida E. Mycotic bovine nasal granuloma. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2003; 45:163-6. [PMID: 12870067 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652003000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of mycotic bovine nasal granuloma in a 10 year-old Jersey cow, produced by Drechslera halodes is presented. Histopathological sections showed abundant hyaline and pigmented extra and intracellular fungal structures together with a polymorphic cellular granuloma formed by neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasmocytes, histiocytes and giant cells of the Langhans type. It is the first case of mycotic bovine nasal granuloma recognized in Uruguay although this disease seems to be frequent according to the opinion of veterinarian specialists. Another similar clinical case also in a Jersey cow from the same dairy house with an intense cellular infiltrate rich in eosinophils without granulomatous image, together with extracellular hyaline and fuliginous fungal forms, is also referred for comparative purposes. Geotrichum sp. was isolated. The need of an early diagnosis and treatment of the disease is stressed.
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