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Guo H, Zhang C, Pu W, Chu X, Huang G, Cui T, Huang B, Liu H, Dai X. Role of PLC/IP 3 /IP 3 R axis in excess molybdenum exposure induced apoptosis in duck renal tubular epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:172-183. [PMID: 37676969 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Excess molybdenum (Mo) is harmful to animals, but its nephrotoxicity has not been comprehensively explained. To appraise the influences of excess Mo on Ca homeostasis and apoptosis via PLC/IP3 /IP3 R axis, primary duck renal tubular epithelial cells were exposed to 480 μM and 960 μM Mo, and joint of 960 μM Mo and 10 μM 2-APB or 0.125 μM U-73122 for 12 h (U-73122 pretreated for 1 h), respectively. The data revealed that the increment of [Ca2+ ]c induced by Mo mainly originated from intracellular Ca storage. Mo exposure reduced [Ca2+ ]ER , elevated [Ca2+ ]mit , [Ca2+ ]c , and the expression of Ca homeostasis-related factors (Calpain, CaN, CRT, GRP94, GRP78 and CaMKII). 2-APB could effectively reverse subcellular Ca2+ redistribution by inhibiting IP3 R, which confirmed that [Ca2+ ]c overload induced by Mo originated from ER. Additionally, PLC inhibitor U-73122 remarkably mitigated the change, and dramatically reduced the number of apoptotic cells, the expression of Bak-1, Bax, cleaved-Caspase-3/Caspase-3, and notably increased the expression of Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, and Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Overall, the results confirmed that the Ca2+ liberation of ER via PLC/IP3 /IP3 R axis was the main cause of [Ca2+ ]c overload, and then stimulated apoptosis in duck renal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Pu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesheng Chu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Cui
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyan Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Dai
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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Judson GJ, Babidge PJ. An assessment of the safety of copper heptonate for parenteral therapy in sheep. Aust Vet J 2004; 82:75-8. [PMID: 15088964 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2004.tb14649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate any adverse effects of an intramuscular injection (i.m.) of copper heptonate (CuHep) in sheep. PROCEDURE Merino wethers about 9 months old were retained in pens and given 1 or 2 mg Cu/kg body weight as CuHep or no Cu treatment. Sheep were weighed and samples of blood for haematology, Cu and enzyme assay and tissues for Cu and Fe assay were collected before and at intervals over 21 days after treatment. RESULTS CuHep was removed from the injection site within 7 days of treatment and most of it was retained in the liver. Wethers had adequate liver Cu reserves before treatment and the higher dosage of CuHep raised liver Cu to values associated with Cu toxicity. No clinical signs of Cu toxicity were evident. Transient increases in plasma activity of the liver enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase suggested mild liver necrosis due to CuHep, but there was no histopathological evidence of liver necrosis 7 days after treatment. CONCLUSIONS I.m. injection of Cu as CuHep appears to be readily transferred to the liver. No significant necrosis is caused at the injection site.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Judson
- South Australian Research & Development Institute, Livestock Systems, 33 Flemington Street, Glenside, South Australia 5065.
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