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Dohrmann J, Hildebrand F, Straub J, Wadephul R, Pusterla N, Freise F, Venner M. Equine proliferative enteropathy in weanling foals on a German breeding farm: clinical course, treatment and long-term outcome. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 111:103873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.103873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Loublier C, Cerri S, Gryspeerdt A, Amory H, Bauwens C, Cesarini C. High Seroprevalence Against Lawsonia intracellularis Among Adult Horses in Belgium. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 95:103304. [PMID: 33276923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lawsonia intracellularis (LI) is an obligate intracellular gram-negative rod causing equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE). Occasional cases of EPE have been reported in foals living in Belgium, but the seroprevalence of equine LI in this country is unknown. The target population included clinically healthy adult horses, whose blood samples were collected and analyzed for specific IgG antibodies against LI using a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. The results were expressed as percentage of inhibition (PI). Samples that had a PI <20% were judged as negative, those between 20 and 30% as inconclusive, and those >30% were considered positive. A total of 356 blood samples were analyzed with 352 horses (98.8%) testing positive, 2 horses (0.6%) testing negative, and 2 horses (0.6%) showing inconclusive results. The large percentage of seropositive samples obtained in this study confirms a widespread exposure of Belgian horses to LI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Loublier
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine Internal Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Simona Cerri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine Internal Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Hélène Amory
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine Internal Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bauwens
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Carla Cesarini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine Internal Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Antimicrobial-Resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis Isolated From Healthy Thoroughbred Racehorses in Japan. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 94:103232. [PMID: 33077095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) enterococci was evaluated in Thoroughbred (TB) racehorses in Japan. Fecal samples were collected from 212 healthy TB racehorses at the Miho and Ritto Training Centers of the Japan Racing Association from March 2017 to August 2018. Isolation and identification were performed by enterococcus selective medium and confirmed to the species using MALDI-TOF MS. Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against 11 antimicrobials by minimum inhibitory concentration based on recommendation from Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Among 583 enterococcus isolates, E. faecium and E. faecalis were identified for 48.2% (281/583) and 7.4% (43/583), respectively. One isolate that was representing E. faecium (153 isolates) and E. faecalis (31 isolates) from each sample was selected for antimicrobial susceptibility test. The highest rate of resistance for E. faecium isolates was observed against enrofloxacin (57.5%; 88/153), followed by streptomycin (32.0%; 49/153), kanamycin (18.3%; 28/153), gentamycin (5.9%; 9/153), erythromycin (5.9%; 9/153), and oxytetracycline (4.6%; 7/153). For E. faecium isolates, the highest resistance was observed against streptomycin (90.3%; 28/31), followed by kanamycin (41.9%; 13/31), gentamycin (29.0%; 9/31), lincomycin (9.7%; 3/31), oxytetracycline (6.5%; 2/31), erythromycin (6.5%; 2/31), tylosin (6.5%; 2/31), enrofloxacin (6.5%; 2/31), and chloramphenicol (3.2%; 1/31). The results indicated that enrofloxacin and aminoglycosides were highly resistant among tested antimicrobials. Continuous monitoring studies are useful to increase the awareness of the potential for AMR bacteria to arise from imprudent use of antimicrobials in TB racehorses in Japan.
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Bohlin AM, Olsen SN, Laursen SH, Öhman A, van Galen G. Lawsonia intracellularis associated equine proliferative enteropathy in Danish weanling foals. Acta Vet Scand 2019; 61:12. [PMID: 30850006 PMCID: PMC6407178 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-019-0447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lawsonia intracellularis, an obligate intracellular bacterium, causes equine proliferative enteropathy, mainly in horses around weaning. This disease is rarely reported in the Scandinavian countries. Results Five cases of equine proliferative enteropathy were diagnosed between 2008–2016 at the University of Copenhagen Large Animal Teaching Hospital. Cases were Danish Warmbloods and a Friesian horse, aged 6–7 months, presenting with typical clinical signs of lethargy, poor body condition, pyrexia and diarrhea. Clinical pathology was consistent with previous reports of severe hypoalbuminemia and leukocytosis. Diagnosis was confirmed by fecal polymerase chain reaction, serum immunomonolayer peroxidase assay and/or immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization performed on formalin-fixed ileum samples. Concurrent intestinal parasitism was present in all five cases. Treatment consisted of antimicrobial therapy, anti-inflammatories, intravenous crystalloids and plasma. Three foals were euthanised due to deterioration and poor response to treatment, one with complications of septic arthritis and Strongylus vulgaris associated intestinal infarct. The other two foals survived and were reported by the owners to be healthy on long-term follow-up. Conclusions Equine proliferative enteropathy is a disease to consider in young horses presenting with diarrhea and hypoproteinemia in Denmark.
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Adams AA, Elzinga S, Lyman J, Little J. Effects of an Immunostimulant Containing Propionibacterium acnes (EqStim) on Cell-Mediated Immunity and Nasal Shedding of Respiratory Pathogens Using a Model of “Weaning” Stress in Foals. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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ENDO Y, NIWA H, KATAYAMA Y, MURASE H, SATO F, KOROSUE K, ISHIMARU M, SUEYOSHI M. Lawsonia intracellularis Infection in Thoroughbred Foals on a Breeding Farm in Japan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.12935/jvma.68.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro ENDO
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association
| | - Hidekazu NIWA
- Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association
| | - Yoshinori KATAYAMA
- Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association
| | - Harutaka MURASE
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association
| | - Fumio SATO
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association
| | - Kenji KOROSUE
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association
| | | | - Masuo SUEYOSHI
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki
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Equine Proliferative Enteropathy Caused by Lawsonia intracellularis in a Foal in Brazil. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pusterla N, Gebhart CJ, Lavoie JP, Drolet R. Lawsonia intracellularis. EQUINE INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014. [PMCID: PMC7151967 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-0891-8.00034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pusterla N, Gebhart C. Lawsonia intracellularis infection and proliferative enteropathy in foals. Vet Microbiol 2013; 167:34-41. [PMID: 23871678 PMCID: PMC7126703 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE) is a disease of foals caused by the obligate intracellular organism Lawsonia intracellularis. This organism is unique in that it causes proliferation of infected enterocytes, resulting in thickening of the intestinal epithelium, most often the small intestine. This disease affects mainly weanling foals and causes fever, lethargy, peripheral edema, diarrhea, colic and weight loss. The diagnosis of EPE may be challenging and relies on the presence of hypoproteinemia, thickening of segments of the small intestinal wall observed on abdominal ultrasonography, positive serology and molecular detection of L. intracellularis in feces. The epidemiology and genetic basis for pathogenesis for this disease is beginning to be elucidated. Phenotypic traits, genomic features, and gene expression profiles during L. intracellularis infection in vitro and in vivo are presented. In addition, this article reviews the epidemiology, pathological and clinicopathological findings, diagnosis, and control of EPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pusterla
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Mayer JR, Fielding CL, Pusterla N, Magdesian KG, Higgins JC. Lawsonia intracellularisproliferative enteropathy in a 3.5-year-old miniature horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - N. Pusterla
- VM: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California Davis; California USA
| | - K. G. Magdesian
- VM: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California Davis; California USA
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Pusterla N, Gebhart CJ. Equine proliferative enteropathy--a review of recent developments. Equine Vet J 2013; 45:403-9. [PMID: 23662705 PMCID: PMC7163532 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE) is a disease of foals caused by the obligate intracellular organism Lawsonia intracellularis. This emerging disease affects mainly weanling foals and causes fever, lethargy, peripheral oedema, diarrhoea, colic and weight loss. The diagnosis of EPE may be challenging and relies on the presence of hypoproteinaemia, thickening of segments of the small intestinal wall observed upon abdominal ultrasonography, positive serology and molecular detection of L. intracellularis in faeces. Although the clinical entity, diagnostic approach and treatment of EPE are well established and described, the epidemiology for this disease has remained largely unaddressed. This article focuses on new developments in the field of EPE, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
The Summary is available in Chinese – see Supporting information.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pusterla
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA.
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Adams AA, Horohov DW. The effect of an immunomodulator (parapoxvirus ovis) on cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in abruptly weaned foals. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 153:118-22. [PMID: 23312290 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The weaning process of foals involves a period of considerable stress which likely contributes to an increased risk of infectious disease in these young horses. Mechanisms responsible for this heightened risk of infection remain unknown, although likely due to compromised cell-mediated immunity. Parapoxvirus ovis (PPVO), an immmunomodulator, has been shown to limit the severity of infectious disease outbreaks among horses and has been shown to enhance CMI responses. Thus, an objective of this study was to investigate the effect of PPVO therapy on cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses of abruptly weaned foals. A group of foals (n=6) were given an intramuscular injection of PPVO on days -2, 0 (weaning) and 9. An additional group of foals (n=5) received the diluent only on the same days serving as controls. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all foals prior to weaning (day 0) and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, and 21 after weaning. Whole blood samples were prepared to determine in vivo cytokine mRNA expression by reverse transcription and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated and stimulated to determine in vitro cytokine production by intracellular staining using flow cytometry and gene expression was measured by RT-PCR. Cytokines analyzed in this study were interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Regardless of PPVO treatment, foals undergoing the weaning process showed a significant decrease in both in vivo and in vitro cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10) production. These results indicate that abrupt weaning significantly impacts CMI of the foal which may increase susceptibility to infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Adams
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
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Kumar S, Carothers EA, Cooley AJ. Pathology in practice. Severe proliferative enteritis caused by Lawsonia intracellularis and acute diffuse severe colitis due to Salmonella sp. infection. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 240:529-31. [PMID: 22332621 DOI: 10.2460/javma.240.5.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyamesh Kumar
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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Page AE, Slovis NM, Gebhart CJ, Wolfsdorf K, Mapes SM, Pusterla N. Serial use of serologic assays and fecal PCR assays to aid in identification of subclinicalLawsonia intracellularisinfection for targeted treatment of Thoroughbred foals and weanlings. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011; 238:1482-9. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.238.11.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shimizu C, Shibahara T, Takai S, Kasuya K, Chikuba T, Murakoshi N, Kobayashi H, Kubo M. Lawsonia intracellularis and virulent Rhodococcus equi infection in a thoroughbred colt. J Comp Pathol 2010; 143:303-8. [PMID: 20471028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A 26-month-old thoroughbred colt with a 4-month history of continuous diarrhoea and weight loss was subject to necropsy examination. The small intestinal mucosa was thickened and this change particularly affected the terminal ileum. Microscopical examination revealed multifocal epithelial hyperplasia, with multifocal granulomas and marked lymphocytic infiltration of the lamina propria. Numerous gram-negative argyrophilic curved bacilli were observed within the cytoplasm of affected enterocytes. Macrophages and epithelioid cells forming the granulomas had abundant, lightly eosinophilic, foamy cytoplasm, with occasional large, clear vacuoles containing gram-positive coccobacilli. Immunohistochemical studies suggested that the argyrophilic bacilli were Lawsonia intracellularis and the gram-positive coccobacilli were Rhodococcus equi. L. intracellularis-specific DNA fragments were amplified from the affected ileocaecal mucosa by polymerase chain reaction. Virulent R. equi (VapA positive) was isolated in pure culture from the liver and mesenteric lymph nodes. These results suggested that the two intracytoplasmic organisms had induced multifocal proliferative and granulomatous enteritis accompanied by severe and extensive lymphocytic infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shimizu
- Ishikari Livestock Hygiene Service Centre, 3 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-0045, Japan
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Pusterla N, Wattanaphansak S, Mapes S, Collier J, Hill J, Difrancesco M, Gebhart C. Oral infection of weanling foals with an equine isolate of Lawsonia intracellularis, agent of equine proliferative enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24:622-7. [PMID: 20337907 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE) is an emerging disease of weanling foals. OBJECTIVES Describe clinical, hematologic, biochemical, serologic, molecular, and ultrasonographic findings in foals experimentally infected with Lawsonia intracellularis. ANIMALS Eight foals. METHODS Recently weaned foals were assigned to either the challenge (n = 3), the sentinel (n = 3), or the control (n = 2) group. Foals were experimentally challenged via intragastric inoculation of 3 x 10(10)L. intracellularis organisms grown in culture. Each experimentally infected foal was housed with a sentinel foal in order to assess feco-oral transmission. All foals were monitored daily for the development of clinical abnormalities and were weighed once weekly for the duration of the study (90 days). Abdominal ultrasound examination was performed weekly. Feces were collected every other day for 60 days, then weekly for an additional 30 days for the quantitative molecular detection of L. intracellularis. Blood was collected weekly for hematologic, biochemical, and serologic analysis. RESULTS Only challenged foals developed transient clinical signs of EPE consisting of anorexia, lethargy, fever, loose feces, and peripheral edema. Two challenged foals developed transient hypoalbuminemia. Fecal shedding of L. intracellularis was first detected in the challenged foals between days 12 and 18 postinoculation and lasted for 7-21 days. Seroconversion was documented in all challenged foals and in 1 sentinel foal. The remaining sentinel and control foals remained unaffected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Clinical EPE of variable severity was induced in all foals infected with L. intracellularis. Furthermore, L. intracellularis can be transmitted via the feco-oral route to susceptible herdmates.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pusterla
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Abstract
Equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE) is a disease of foals caused by the obligate intracellular organism Lawsonia intracellularis. This emerging disease affects mainly weanling foals and causes fever, lethargy, peripheral oedema, diarrhoea, colic and weight loss. The diagnosis of EPE may be challenging and relies on the presence of hypoproteinaemia, thickening of segments of the small intestinal wall observed on abdominal ultrasonography, positive serology and molecular detection of L. intracellularis in faeces. Although the clinical entity, diagnostic work‐up and treatment of EPE are well established and described, the epidemiology for this disease has remained largely unaddressed. This article reviews the aetiology, epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of EPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pusterla
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - C Gebhart
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
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Sampieri F, Hinchcliff KW, Toribio RE. Tetracycline therapy of Lawsonia intracellularis enteropathy in foals. Equine Vet J 2010; 38:89-92. [PMID: 16411593 DOI: 10.2746/042516406775374270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Sampieri
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L. Tharp Street, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Wong D, Alcott C, Sponseller B, Young J, Sponseller B. Impaired Intestinal Absorption of Glucose in 4 Foals withLawsonia intracellularisInfection. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23:940-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
Enteritis and colitis remain challenging and life-threatening diseases despite many recent advances. Successful treatment is largely dependent on early recognition and directed therapy, which is facilitated by obtaining a complete history and physical examination. A number of new therapies and methods of monitoring critically ill patients have become integral components of treatment success. The critical monitoring of equine foals and adults continues to be an exciting and emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darien J Feary
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Atherton RP, McKenzie HC. Alternative antimicrobial agents in the treatment of proliferative enteropathy in horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2006.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wuersch K, Huessy D, Koch C, Oevermann A. Lawsonia intracellularis Proliferative Enteropathy in a Filly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 53:17-21. [PMID: 16411902 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2006.00776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative enteropathy (PE) caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis is a disease of high economic impact in swine worldwide. In most other species the disease occurs as a sporadic infection. This paper reports a PE caused by L. intracellularis in a 9-month-old Pura Raza Española filly with a history of profuse diarrhoea. Pathological lesions consisted of a severe proliferative enteritis associated with argyrophilic bacteria in the apical cytoplasm of proliferating crypt epithelium. Characteristic PCR products confirmed the presumptive diagnosis of L. intracellularis infection. To our knowledge this is the first report of PE in a horse in Europe caused by L. intracellularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wuersch
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, 3001 Berne, Switzerland.
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