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McKearney D, Roberts RJ, Mitchell D, Cheung JCF, Williams VE, Leznoff DB. Preferential Formation of Side‐Pocket‐Substituted Zinc Phthalocyanines Emitting Beyond 800 nm. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Declan McKearney
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Ryan J. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Devon Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Jeffrey C. F. Cheung
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Vance E. Williams
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Daniel B. Leznoff
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
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2
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Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of tetra-tert-butylphthalocyanine indium(III). MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Phillips D, Dhami S, Ostler R, Petrasek Z. The Dimerisation of Phthalocyanines. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/007967403322807390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we have shown that the dimerisation of phthalocyanine compounds, notably here the sulphonated aluminium phthalocyanines, is dependent upon concentration, on the medium in which the dye is dissolved, and upon pH. Complex equilibria between various monomer and dimer species are observed as a function of pH, and the probable structures of the dimers elucidated by semi-empirical and ab initio calculations. The formation of a red-shifted dimer leads to the quenching of monomer singlet state in concentrated solution, in reverse micelles, and in lipid vesicles, and this behaviour can account for the fluorescence intensity distributions and decay characteristics of phthalocyanine dyes in living cells as a function of irradiation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 1AZ, UK
| | - Suman Dhami
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 1AZ, UK
| | - Richard Ostler
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 1AZ, UK
| | - Zdenek Petrasek
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 1AZ, UK
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4
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Photophysical and photochemical properties of non-peripheral butoxy-substituted phthalocyanines with absorption in NIR range. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Kamal A, Sathish M, Prasanthi AVG, Chetna J, Tangella Y, Srinivasulu V, Shankaraiah N, Alarifi A. An efficient one-pot decarboxylative aromatization of tetrahydro-β-carbolines by using N-chlorosuccinimide: total synthesis of norharmane, harmane and eudistomins. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A mild one-pot synthesis of β-carbolines from their tetrahydro-β-carboline acids has been developed via decorboxylative aromatization using N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500 007
- India
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
| | - Manda Sathish
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500 007
- India
| | - A. V. G. Prasanthi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad-500 037
- India
| | - Jadala Chetna
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad-500 037
- India
| | - Yellaiah Tangella
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500 007
- India
| | - Vunnam Srinivasulu
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500 007
- India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad-500 037
- India
| | - Abdullah Alarifi
- Catalytic Chemistry Research Chair
- Chemistry Department
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
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Observation on symmetry properties of sodium zinc(II)-2,9,16,23-phthalocyanine tetracarboxylate in water:NaOH solution. J Fluoresc 2014; 24:835-9. [PMID: 24573531 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-014-1359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The shift of the Q-band of sodium zinc(II)-2,9,16,23-phthalocyanine tetracarboxylate (ZnPc(COONa)4) to about 800 nm is attributed to the influence of the electron-donating property of the carboxylate groups substituted in the β-position. ZnPc(COONa)4 which was found to have a symmetry of D 2h characterized by a splitting of the Q transition. This splitting was interpreted by the formation of dianionic symmetric ZnPc(COONa)4 resulting from the dissociation of the pyrrole protons as well as the possibility of Na(+) dissolution of ZnPc(COONa)4 in the aqueous solution of NaOH.
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ZEUG A, PAUL A, RÖDER B. Observation of the phase transition in phospholipid liposomes taking advantage of the particular optical properties of octa-α-butyloxy-H2phthalocyanines. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jpp.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this work we report on the influence of the polarity of the environment on the optical properties of octa-α-butyloxy-H2phthalocyanine ( H 2 PC ( OBu )8) in organic solvents and liposomes using steady-state absorption as well as time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC). A change was found in Q-band absorption in various solvents. Taking into account that the absorption properties of H 2 PC ( OBu )8 are modulated by the polarity of the direct surrounding, polarities inside micro-heterogeneous systems can be probed. This was demonstrated for liposomes of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), with regard to the behavior during the phase transition between the gel and liquid-crystal state. Absorption spectra of H 2 PC ( OBu )8 embedded in DPPC-liposomes have been recorded in the temperature range from 15 to 70 °C, covering the phase transition region at about 36–39 °C. The Q-band absorption at temperatures below and above the phase transition resembles those in polar and non-polar solvents, respectively. Measurements of fluorescence lifetime confirm this equivalence. We explain this behavior by a change of the localization of the dye molecules inside the membrane. For H 2 PC ( OBu )8 embedded in DPPC-liposomes we demonstrated by using optical methods that the position of the dye molecules strongly depends on the phase-state of the phospholipid. In addition, H 2 PC ( OBu )8 can be used as a probe for phase transition processes taking advantage of the specific behavior in surroundings with different polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. ZEUG
- Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Institut für Physik, Invalidenstraße 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. PAUL
- Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Institut für Physik, Invalidenstraße 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - B. RÖDER
- Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Institut für Physik, Invalidenstraße 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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SPILLER WOLFGANG, KLIESCH HOLGER, WÖHRLE DIETER, HACKBARTH STEFFEN, RÖDER BEATE, SCHNURPFEIL G. Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yields of Different Photosensitizers in Polar Solvents and Micellar Solutions. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(199803/04)2:2%3c145::aid-jpp60%3e3.0.co%3b2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The singlet oxygen luminescence method and the photochemical methods using 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran ( DPBF ) or bilirubin ditaurate ( BDT ) as chemical quenchers were employed to determine the single oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) of different phthalocyanines and tris(2,2″-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) dichloride in dimethylformamide ( DMF ) or aqueous micellar solution of 0.1 M CTAC (cetyltrimethylammonium chloride). Additionally, a perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide derivative was examined in DMF . In a series of tetrasulfonated phthalocyanines ( PTS ) the following order was found: ZnPTS > GaPTS > AlPTS ≈ H 2 PTS > CoPTS . In general, the singlet oxygen quantum yields are higher in DMF than in 0.1 M CTAC/H 2 O . The results obtained with the photochemical systems are comparable with those obtained by the photophysical method. The photochemical DPBF method results in absolute values of ΦΔ. However, in micellar solution, chain reactions occur when DPBF is used as chemical quencher in the photo-oxidative process. This problem can be overcome by adding sodium thiosulphate which is able to destroy the endoperoxide initially formed. BDT can be used as quencher in different solvents to determine ΦΔ relative to a photosensitizer with known singlet oxygen quantum yield in the respective solvent. In comparison to the chemical methods the luminescence method exhibits the advantage that side reactions of the quencher are excluded. But normally the ΦΔ values obtained are relative to a reference, since absolute determinations need much larger efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- WOLFGANG SPILLER
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - HOLGER KLIESCH
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - DIETER WÖHRLE
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - STEFFEN HACKBARTH
- Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Institut für Physik, Photobiophysik, Invalidenstr. 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - BEATE RÖDER
- Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Institut für Physik, Photobiophysik, Invalidenstr. 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - GüNTER SCHNURPFEIL
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
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10
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SPILLER WOLFGANG, KLIESCH HOLGER, WÖHRLE DIETER, HACKBARTH STEFFEN, RÖDER BEATE, SCHNURPFEIL G. Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yields of Different Photosensitizers in Polar Solvents and Micellar Solutions. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(199803/04)2:2<145::aid-jpp60>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The singlet oxygen luminescence method and the photochemical methods using 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran ( DPBF ) or bilirubin ditaurate ( BDT ) as chemical quenchers were employed to determine the single oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) of different phthalocyanines and tris(2,2″-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) dichloride in dimethylformamide ( DMF ) or aqueous micellar solution of 0.1 M CTAC (cetyltrimethylammonium chloride). Additionally, a perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide derivative was examined in DMF . In a series of tetrasulfonated phthalocyanines ( PTS ) the following order was found: ZnPTS > GaPTS > AlPTS ≈ H 2 PTS > CoPTS . In general, the singlet oxygen quantum yields are higher in DMF than in 0.1 M CTAC/H 2 O . The results obtained with the photochemical systems are comparable with those obtained by the photophysical method. The photochemical DPBF method results in absolute values of ΦΔ. However, in micellar solution, chain reactions occur when DPBF is used as chemical quencher in the photo-oxidative process. This problem can be overcome by adding sodium thiosulphate which is able to destroy the endoperoxide initially formed. BDT can be used as quencher in different solvents to determine ΦΔ relative to a photosensitizer with known singlet oxygen quantum yield in the respective solvent. In comparison to the chemical methods the luminescence method exhibits the advantage that side reactions of the quencher are excluded. But normally the ΦΔ values obtained are relative to a reference, since absolute determinations need much larger efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- WOLFGANG SPILLER
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - HOLGER KLIESCH
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - DIETER WÖHRLE
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - STEFFEN HACKBARTH
- Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Institut für Physik, Photobiophysik, Invalidenstr. 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - BEATE RÖDER
- Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Institut für Physik, Photobiophysik, Invalidenstr. 110, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - GüNTER SCHNURPFEIL
- Universität Bremen, Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Fachbereich 2, NW II, PO Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
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11
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Jarota A, Tondusson M, Galle G, Freysz E, Abramczyk H. Ultrafast dynamics of metal complexes of tetrasulphonated phthalocyanines. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:4000-9. [PMID: 22471342 DOI: 10.1021/jp3017979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A promising material in medicine, electronics, optoelectronics, electrochemistry, catalysis, and photophysics, tetrasulphonated aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPcS(4)), is investigated by means of steady-state and time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopies. Absorption and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy indicate that AlPcS(4) is essentially monomeric. Spectrally resolved pump-probe data are recorded on time scales ranging from femtoseconds to nanoseconds. The nature of these fast processes and pathways of the competing relaxation processes from the initially excited electronic states in aqueous and organic (dimethyl sulfoxide) solutions are discussed. The decays and bleaching recovery have been fitted in the ultrafast window (0-10 ps) and later time window extending to nanoseconds (0-1 ns). While the excited-state dynamics have been found to be sensitive to the solvent environment, we were able to show that the fast dynamics is described by three time constants in the ranges of 115-500 fs, 2-25 ps, and 150-500 ps. We were able to ascribe these three time constants to different processes. The shortest time constants have been assigned to vibrational wavepacket dynamics. The few picosecond components have been assigned to vibrational relaxation in the excited electronic states. Finally, the 150-500 ps components represent the decay from S(1) to the ground state. The experimental and theoretical treatment proposed in this paper provides a basis for a substantial revision of the commonly accepted interpretation of the Soret transition (B transition) that exists in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Jarota
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Technical University of Lodz, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
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12
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Honda T, Kojima T, Fukuzumi S. Control of electron-transfer reduction by protonation of zinc octabutoxyphthalocyanine assisted by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:7986-8. [PMID: 21681320 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12710a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Facile protonation of α-octabutoxyphthalocyaninato zinc(II) (Zn(OBu)(8)Pc) occurs to afford up to tetra-protonated species stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding, resulting in positive shifts of the reduction potentials of Zn(OBu)(8)PcH(n)(n+) (n = 1-4) with increasing the number of protons attached to facilitate electron-transfer reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Honda
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, and ALCA, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Ostler RB, Scully AD, Taylor AG, Gould IR, Smith TA, Waite A, Phillips D. The Effect of pH on the Photophysics and Photochemistry of Di-sulphonated Aluminum Phthalocyanine. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)0710397teopot2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Banfi S, Caruso E, Buccafurni L, Ravizza R, Gariboldi M, Monti E. Zinc phthalocyanines-mediated photodynamic therapy induces cell death in adenocarcinoma cells. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abdurrahmanoğlu Ş, Altındal A, Bulut M, Bekaroğlu Ö. Synthesis and electrical properties of novel supramolecular octa-phthalocyaninato-dicobalt(II)-hexazinc(II) and dicobalt(II)-dimeric-phthalocyanine with six ferrocenylimin pendant groups. Polyhedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2006.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang S, Gan Q, Zhang Y, Li S, Xu H, Yang G. Optical-Limiting and Photophysical Properties of Two Soluble Chloroindium Phthalocyanines with α- and β-Alkoxyl Substituents. Chemphyschem 2006; 7:935-41. [PMID: 16526074 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200500595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two soluble heavy-metal phthalocyanine derivatives, namely, tetra-alpha-(2-ethylbutoxy) chloroindium phthalocyanine (alpha-InPcCl) and tetra-beta-(2-ethylbutoxy) chloroindium phthalocyanine (beta-InPcCl), were synthesized. Their optical-limiting properties in THF solution were investigated with a 532 nm nanosecond laser. The differences in the optical-limiting properties are attributed to their different photophysical properties. alpha-InPcCl is superior to beta-InPcCl as optical-limiting material, alpha substitution could be a useful factor to be considered in designing optical limiting materials based on metal phthalocyanines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
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Barge J, Decréau R, Julliard M, Hubaud JC, Sabatier AS, Grob JJ, Verrando P. Killing efficacy of a new silicon phthalocyanine in human melanoma cells treated with photodynamic therapy by early activation of mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis. Exp Dermatol 2004; 13:33-44. [PMID: 15009114 DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.00147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising therapeutic modality that utilizes a combination of a photosensitizer and visible light for the destruction of diseased tissues. Using human-pigmented melanoma cells, we examined the photokilling efficacy of new silicon-phthalocyanines (SiPc) that bore bulky axial substituents. The bis(cholesteryloxy) derivate (Chol-O-SiPc) displayed the best in vitro photokilling efficacy (LD(50) = 6-8 x 10(-9) M) and was seven to nine times more potent than chloro-aluminium Pc (ClAlPc), a known photosensitizer used as a reference. Although Chol-O-SiPc was half as potent as ClAlPc for promoting photo-oxidative membrane damage in a cell-free assay, early events of mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis upon PDT were triggered much faster, as demonstrated by kinetics studies examining cells with permeabilized mitochondrial membranes, cytochrome c release and caspase-9 activation. Inhibition of caspase-9 activity by a substrate analogue argued for its central role in the proapoptotic events leading to cell death by Chol-O-SiPc PDT. In addition, immunoblots showed that Bcl-2 antiapoptotic oncoprotein was not a primary target of Chol-O-SiPc in M3Dau cells treated with PDT. Conclusively, Chol-O-SiPc is a useful new photosensitizer with the property of triggering cell apoptosis mediated by mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Barge
- Laboratoire Activation, Mécanismes, Modélisation Moléculaire, ESA CNRS 6009, Faculté des Sciences de Saint Jérôme, Marseille, France
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Freyer W, Mueller S, Teuchner K. Photophysical properties of benzoannelated metal-free phthalocyanines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2003.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Schweitzer C, Schmidt R. Physical mechanisms of generation and deactivation of singlet oxygen. Chem Rev 2003; 103:1685-757. [PMID: 12744692 DOI: 10.1021/cr010371d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1295] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claude Schweitzer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Marie-Curie-Strasse 11, D60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Cheng G, Peng X, Hao G, Kennedy VO, Ivanov IN, Knappenberger K, Hill TJ, Rodgers MAJ, Kenney ME. Synthesis, Photochemistry, and Electrochemistry of a Series of Phthalocyanines with Graded Steric Hindrance. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp027006q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gongzhen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, 141 Overman, Room 141, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403-0213
| | - Xinzhan Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, 141 Overman, Room 141, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403-0213
| | - Guolun Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, 141 Overman, Room 141, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403-0213
| | - Vance O. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, 141 Overman, Room 141, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403-0213
| | - Ilya N. Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, 141 Overman, Room 141, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403-0213
| | - Kenneth Knappenberger
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, 141 Overman, Room 141, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403-0213
| | - Tessa J. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, 141 Overman, Room 141, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403-0213
| | - Michael A. J. Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, 141 Overman, Room 141, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403-0213
| | - Malcolm E. Kenney
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, 141 Overman, Room 141, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403-0213
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Pelliccioli AP, Henbest K, Kwag G, Carvagno TR, Kenney ME, Rodgers MAJ. Synthesis and Excited State Dynamics of μ-Oxo Group IV Metal Phthalocyanine Dimers: A Laser Photoexcitation Study. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp003599y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paola Pelliccioli
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Kevin Henbest
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Gwanghoon Kwag
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Terri R. Carvagno
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Malcolm E. Kenney
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Michael A. J. Rodgers
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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Abstract
The results of a study of the effect of pH on the photophysics and photochemistry of di-sulphonated aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPcS2) in aqueous solution are presented. The pH dependence of the triplet quantum yield, fluorescence quantum yield, singlet-oxygen quantum yield, triplet lifetime, fluorescence lifetime and apparent dimerization constants is investigated and the results interpreted in terms of the pH dependence of the nature of the axial ligands. Evidence that the aluminum-axial ligand bond strength, rather than dimer binding energy that determines the extent of dimerization is provided by semi-empirical and ab initio calculations. Possible dimer structures obtained using ab initio calculations are discussed.
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24
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Redmond RW, Gamlin JN. A Compilation of Singlet Oxygen Yields from Biologically Relevant Molecules. Photochem Photobiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb08240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Kandaz M, Bekaro.Lu Ö. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Octakis(2′-aminophenoxy and 2′-Aminophenylsulfanyl)-Substituted Metallophthalocyanines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19971301220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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RuUckmann I, Zeug A, Herter R, Roder B. On the Influence of Higher Excited States on the ISC Quantum Yield of Octa-aL-alkyloxy-substituted Zn-Phthalocyanine Molecules Studied by Nonlinear Absorption. Photochem Photobiol 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb03192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Aoudia M, Cheng G, Kennedy VO, Kenney ME, Rodgers MAJ. Synthesis of a Series of Octabutoxy- and Octabutoxybenzophthalocyanines and Photophysical Properties of Two Members of the Series. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja963702q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Aoudia
- Contribution from the Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Gongzhen Cheng
- Contribution from the Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Vance O. Kennedy
- Contribution from the Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Malcolm E. Kenney
- Contribution from the Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Michael A. J. Rodgers
- Contribution from the Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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28
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Beeby A, Parker A, Stanley C. Elimination of fluorescence contributions to singlet oxygen measurements using a novel electronic switch. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(96)07410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Excitation wavelength dependence of the Z → E one-way isomerization of 4-halostilbene radical cations in excited states. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(96)01436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Lawrence DS, Whitten DG. Photochemistry and photophysical properties of novel, unsymmetrically substituted metallophthalocyanines. Photochem Photobiol 1996; 64:923-35. [PMID: 8972633 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb01857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel, unsymmetrically substituted metallo-phthalocyanines was synthesized, along with their symmetrically substituted analogs, and the effects of structure and metal substitution on their photophysical and photoredox properties were investigated. The macrocycles were synthesized using a mixed-condensation method followed by chromatographic separation of the resulting soluble products. They possess a catechol "active site" and three tert-butyl groups for enhanced solubility. The ground- and excited-state photophysical properties of the free-base, Zn(II) and Pd(II) macrocycles were measured and compared with their symmetrically substituted (tetra[tert-butyl]) analogs. The efficiency with which these macrocycles sensitize the formation of singlet oxygen was determined and discussed in the context of the excited-state photophysical properties. Several examples of photoinduced electron transfer reactions with one- and two-electron acceptors are demonstrated and discussed. These soluble molecules can be tuned to optimize their photochemical and redox properties by varying the central metal, axial ligands and other substituents, thereby providing a series of molecules for the investigation of photodynamic therapy and photoinduced electron transfer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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31
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Kaneko Y, Arai T, Sakuragi H, Tokumaru K, Pac C. Effect of excitation wavelength on photoreduction of metal-free and copper(II) 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxyphthalocyanines with triethanolamine. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/1010-6030(96)04315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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32
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Kliesch H, Weitemeyer A, Müller S, Wöhrle D. Synthesis of phthalocyanines with one sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, or amino group. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.1995199507168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Soncin M, Polo L, Reddi E, Jori G, Kenney ME, Cheng G, Rodgers MA. Effect of axial ligation and delivery system on the tumour-localising and -photosensitising properties of Ge(IV)-octabutoxy-phthalocyanines. Br J Cancer 1995; 71:727-32. [PMID: 7710936 PMCID: PMC2033732 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1995.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Four Ge(IV)-octabutoxy-phthalocyanines (GePcs) bearing two alkyl-type axial ligands were assayed for their pharmacokinetic properties and phototherapeutic efficiency in Balb/c mice bearing an intramuscularly transplanted MS-2 fibrosarcoma. The GePcs were i.v. injected at a dose of 0.35 mumol kg-1 body weight after incorporation into either Cremophor emulsions or small unilamellar liposomes of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC). Both the nature of the delivery system and the chemical structure of the phthalocyanine were found to affect the behaviour of the GePcs in vivo. Thus, Cremophor-administered GePcs invariably yielded a more prolonged serum retention and a larger association with low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) as compared with the corresponding liposome-delivered phthalocyanines. This led to a greater efficiency and selectivity of tumour targeting. These effects were more pronounced for those GePcs having relatively long alkyl chains (hexyl to decyl) in the axial ligands. Maximal tumour accumulation (0.67 nmol per g of tissue) was found for Ge-Pc(hexyl)2 at 24 h after injection. Consistently, the Ge-Pc(hexyl)2, administered via Cremophor, showed the highest phototherapeutic activity towards MS-2 fibrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soncin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
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Özkaya AR, Okur AI, Gül A, Bekâroğlu Ö. ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDIES OF TETRACROWN-ETHER SUBSTITUTED PHTHALOCYANINES IN SOLUTION. J COORD CHEM 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/00958979408024291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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The cyclic voltammetry of a new copper(II) phthalocyaninate substituted with four 15-membered tetraazamacrocycles and its pentanuclear complexes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(94)03351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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36
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Krasnovsky AA, Rodgers MA, Galpern MG, Rihter B, Kenney ME, Lukjanetz EA. Quenching of singlet molecular oxygen by phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines. Photochem Photobiol 1992; 55:691-6. [PMID: 1528982 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb08512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Using the direct measurement of the photosensitized luminescence of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) the rate constants (kq) have been determined for 1O2 quenching by the monomeric molecules of the following phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines in chloroform: tetra-(4-tert-butyl) phthalocyanine (I); octa-(3,6-butoxy) phthalocyanine (II), tetra-(6-tert-butyl)-2,3 naphthalocyanine (III), aluminium tetra-(1-tert-phenyl)-2,3 naphthalocyanine (IV), tri-(n-hexyl-siloxy) derivatives of silicon- (V), tin- (VI), aluminium- (VII) and gallium- (VIII) 2,3 naphthalocyanine. The following kq values were obtained (kq x 10(-8) M-1 s-1): 2.9 (I), 59 (II), 100 (III), 20 (IV), 3.9 (V), 53 (VI), 33 (VII), 110 (VIII). As most of the quenchers have the low-lying triplet levels, a contribution of the quenching mechanism based on the energy transfer from 1O2 to these levels has been analysed. A formula is proposed describing the relation between kq values caused by this mechanism, and photophysical constants of the quencher triplet state. This formula was applied to phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines, beta-carotene and bacterochlorophyll a. The data suggest that the energy transfer can fully explain the activity of V and strongly contributes into the activities of II, III and VI-VIII. A charge transfer interaction might be an additional mechanism involved in 1O2 quenching by compounds studied. As some phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines are strong physical quenchers of singlet oxygen they can be used as efficient inhibitors for photodestructive processes in photochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Krasnovsky
- Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, OH 43403
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37
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Rihter BD, Bohorquez MD, Rodgers MA, Kenney ME. Two new sterically hindered phthalocyanines: synthetic and photodynamic aspects. Photochem Photobiol 1992; 55:677-80. [PMID: 1528980 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb08510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and the properties of 1,4-dibutoxy-2,3-dicyanotriptycene, of a metal-free tetradibenzobarrelenooctabutoxyphthalocyanine, and of the corresponding zinc phthalocyanine are described. The two phthalocyanines do not aggregate when dissolved in benzene at concentrations up to 450 microM. For the metal-free and the zinc compounds, the red band maxima are at 736 and 757 nm, the triplet maxima are at 590 and 605 nm, the triplet state lifetimes are 58 and 177 microseconds, and the protoporphyrin-IX dimethyl ester-to-compound bimolecular rate constants for triplet energy transfer are 2.61 x 10(8) and 1.47 x 10(8) M-1 s-1. Triplet energy transfer from the metal-free compound to O2 is endoergonic by 1.0 kcal mol-1. The potential of the zinc compound for photodynamic therapy is touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Rihter
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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38
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Far-red-absorbing photosensitizers: their use in the photodynamic therapy of tumours. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/1010-6030(92)85065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rosenthal
- Department of Food Science, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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40
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Yasuike M, Yamaoka T, Ohno O, Sakuragi M, Ichimura K. Singlet oxygen generation by tetrabenzoporphyrins as photosensitizer. Inorganica Chim Acta 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)85070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Gürek A, Ahsen V, Gül A, Bekâroǧlu Ö. Synthesis and characterization of a new copper(II) phthalocyaninate substituted with four 15-membered tetraazamacrocycles and its water-soluble pentanuclear complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1039/dt9910003367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Factors controlling the selectivity and efficiency of tumour damage in photodynamic therapy. Lasers Med Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02031372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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